[目的]随着“双碳”进程的推进,煤化工行业的减碳降排势在必行。煤化工过程用氢量大,且目前多以化石燃料转化的灰氢为主,造成了余碳排放。如果将零碳的绿电绿氢与煤化工耦合建设,既有利于煤化工行业节能减排,同时也能为绿电与绿氢的发...[目的]随着“双碳”进程的推进,煤化工行业的减碳降排势在必行。煤化工过程用氢量大,且目前多以化石燃料转化的灰氢为主,造成了余碳排放。如果将零碳的绿电绿氢与煤化工耦合建设,既有利于煤化工行业节能减排,同时也能为绿电与绿氢的发展提供巨大应用场景。[方法]在此背景下,以典型煤化工工艺煤制乙二醇为例,详细阐述了绿电与绿氢耦合煤制乙二醇的系统建设方案。[结果]分析表明绿氢的引入提高了煤制乙二醇的碳利用率,从传统工艺的21.1%提高到40.5%,而生产每吨成品乙二醇的碳排放强度从2.58 t CO_(2)降到了0.93 t CO_(2)。同时通过一体化建设可以降低二次系统建设、运维成本。[结论]绿电绿氢与煤化工耦合建设具有技术可行性,发展前景广阔,但还面临着诸多挑战。展开更多
Since the twenty-first century,with the rapid development of high-resolution earth observation satellites,the earth observation satellite system has developed from the initial single satellite observation model to the...Since the twenty-first century,with the rapid development of high-resolution earth observation satellites,the earth observation satellite system has developed from the initial single satellite observation model to the current satellite constellation formed by light and small satellites observation model.All-weather and all-directional fine earth observation can now be realized.In the future,the satellite constellation,communication satellites,navigation satellites,and aircrafts are linked through dynamic linking network to form an air-space information network to realize real-time services of intelligent air-space information.To further enhance the perception,cognition,and quick response ability of the network,we propose the concept and model of the Earth Observation Brain(EOB)−the intelligent earth system based on events perception in this paper.Then,some key technologies needed to be solved in the EOB are also described.An application example is illustrated to show the process of perception and cognition in the primary stage of the EOB.In the future,EOB can observe what change of what object,the when and where to push these right information to mobile terminal of right people at the right time and right place.Global users can obtain any data,information,and knowledge in real-time through the EOB.展开更多
Powdery mildew,caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt),is a devastating disease that seriously threatens wheat yield and quality.To control this disease,host resistance is the most effective measure.Compared wit...Powdery mildew,caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt),is a devastating disease that seriously threatens wheat yield and quality.To control this disease,host resistance is the most effective measure.Compared with the resistance genes from common wheat,alien resistance genes can better withstand infection of this highly variable pathogen.Development of elite alien germplasm resources with powdery mildew resistance and other key breeding traits is an attractive strategy in wheat breeding.In this study,three wheat-rye germplasm lines YT4-1,YT4-2,and YT4-3 were developed through hybridization between octoploid triticale and common wheat,out of which the lines YT4-1 and YT4-2 conferred adult-plant resistance(APR)to powdery mildew while the line YT4-3 was susceptible to powdery mildew during all of its growth stages.Using genomic in situ hybridization,multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization,multi-color GISH,and molecular marker analysis,YT4-1,YT4-2,and YT4-3 were shown to be cytogenetically stable wheat-rye 6R addition and T1RS.1BL translocation line,6RL ditelosomic addition and T1RS.1BL translocation line,and T1RS.1BL translocation line,respectively.Compared with previously reported wheat-rye derivative lines carrying chromosome 6R,YT4-1 and YT4-2 showed stable APR without undesirable pleiotropic effects on agronomic traits.Therefore,these novel wheat-rye 6R derivative lines are expected to be promising bridge resources in wheat disease breeding.展开更多
文摘[目的]随着“双碳”进程的推进,煤化工行业的减碳降排势在必行。煤化工过程用氢量大,且目前多以化石燃料转化的灰氢为主,造成了余碳排放。如果将零碳的绿电绿氢与煤化工耦合建设,既有利于煤化工行业节能减排,同时也能为绿电与绿氢的发展提供巨大应用场景。[方法]在此背景下,以典型煤化工工艺煤制乙二醇为例,详细阐述了绿电与绿氢耦合煤制乙二醇的系统建设方案。[结果]分析表明绿氢的引入提高了煤制乙二醇的碳利用率,从传统工艺的21.1%提高到40.5%,而生产每吨成品乙二醇的碳排放强度从2.58 t CO_(2)降到了0.93 t CO_(2)。同时通过一体化建设可以降低二次系统建设、运维成本。[结论]绿电绿氢与煤化工耦合建设具有技术可行性,发展前景广阔,但还面临着诸多挑战。
基金substantially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 91438203]the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)[grant number 2014CB744201].
文摘Since the twenty-first century,with the rapid development of high-resolution earth observation satellites,the earth observation satellite system has developed from the initial single satellite observation model to the current satellite constellation formed by light and small satellites observation model.All-weather and all-directional fine earth observation can now be realized.In the future,the satellite constellation,communication satellites,navigation satellites,and aircrafts are linked through dynamic linking network to form an air-space information network to realize real-time services of intelligent air-space information.To further enhance the perception,cognition,and quick response ability of the network,we propose the concept and model of the Earth Observation Brain(EOB)−the intelligent earth system based on events perception in this paper.Then,some key technologies needed to be solved in the EOB are also described.An application example is illustrated to show the process of perception and cognition in the primary stage of the EOB.In the future,EOB can observe what change of what object,the when and where to push these right information to mobile terminal of right people at the right time and right place.Global users can obtain any data,information,and knowledge in real-time through the EOB.
基金This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1200600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272105).
文摘Powdery mildew,caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt),is a devastating disease that seriously threatens wheat yield and quality.To control this disease,host resistance is the most effective measure.Compared with the resistance genes from common wheat,alien resistance genes can better withstand infection of this highly variable pathogen.Development of elite alien germplasm resources with powdery mildew resistance and other key breeding traits is an attractive strategy in wheat breeding.In this study,three wheat-rye germplasm lines YT4-1,YT4-2,and YT4-3 were developed through hybridization between octoploid triticale and common wheat,out of which the lines YT4-1 and YT4-2 conferred adult-plant resistance(APR)to powdery mildew while the line YT4-3 was susceptible to powdery mildew during all of its growth stages.Using genomic in situ hybridization,multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization,multi-color GISH,and molecular marker analysis,YT4-1,YT4-2,and YT4-3 were shown to be cytogenetically stable wheat-rye 6R addition and T1RS.1BL translocation line,6RL ditelosomic addition and T1RS.1BL translocation line,and T1RS.1BL translocation line,respectively.Compared with previously reported wheat-rye derivative lines carrying chromosome 6R,YT4-1 and YT4-2 showed stable APR without undesirable pleiotropic effects on agronomic traits.Therefore,these novel wheat-rye 6R derivative lines are expected to be promising bridge resources in wheat disease breeding.
