探明深旋松耕作技术(VRT)对西北黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯阶段性耗水、个体和群体生长状况、产量、水分利用效率和经济收益的影响,可为寻求抗旱增产、资源高效利用的耕作方法提供依据.本研究采用随机区组设计,于2016和2017年设置旋耕15 cm...探明深旋松耕作技术(VRT)对西北黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯阶段性耗水、个体和群体生长状况、产量、水分利用效率和经济收益的影响,可为寻求抗旱增产、资源高效利用的耕作方法提供依据.本研究采用随机区组设计,于2016和2017年设置旋耕15 cm (TT)、深松40cm (DLT)、深旋松耕40 cm (VRT) 3种耕作方式,测定马铃薯不同生育时期0~200 cm土层土壤贮水量、叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数、植株干物质量和产量等指标,计算阶段耗水量、水分利用效率(WUE)、商品率、商品产量、纯收益和新增收益等指标,探究深旋松耕作对马铃薯生产效率和经济效益的影响.结果表明:与TT和DLT相比,VRT能显著促进马铃薯在盛花期和块茎膨大期的耗水,2016和2017年分别较DLT、TT增加了46.7、35.7和27.2、47.3 mm.由于VRT促进马铃薯耗水,叶片SPAD值、干物质量和叶面积指数均显著提高,证明它能促进马铃薯个体和群体发育.基于较高的个体和群体生长量,VRT的马铃薯块茎产量显著提高,分别在2016和2017年较DLT和TT增加了156.8%、47.8%和24.8%、41.0%,WUE相应地提高了92.3%、19.2%和18.9%、26.6%.深旋松耕作使马铃薯商品薯产量显著增加,纯收益和新增纯收益显著提高,在2016和2017年分别达到12631.9、11019.1和29498.3、18245.5元·hm-2.深旋松耕作促进马铃薯花期和块茎膨大期耗水,使马铃薯叶片SPAD值、干物质量和叶面积指数显著提高,导致块茎产量和水分利用效率明显升高,并提高了商品薯产量和纯收益,是适宜于西北黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯种植的耕作技术.展开更多
The Xiangtan Manganese (Mn) Mine in the middle of Hunan Province, China, has been mined since 1913 with mine tailings including excavated wastes, wastewater, and smelting wastes. A survey was conducted on the Mn mine ...The Xiangtan Manganese (Mn) Mine in the middle of Hunan Province, China, has been mined since 1913 with mine tailings including excavated wastes, wastewater, and smelting wastes. A survey was conducted on the Mn mine tailing soils and eight plants on the Mn mine tailings. The concentrations of soil Mn, Pb, and Cd and the metal-enrichment traits of these eight plants were analyzed simultaneously. Exceptionally high concentrations of these three metals were found in the soils, especially on the tailing dam. Each plant investigated in this study accumulated the three heavy metals, but no hyperaccumulator of these metals was found. However, analysis indicated that Poa pratensis Linn., Gnaphalium affine D. Don, Pteris vittata L., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., and Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. possessed specially good metal-enrichment and metal-tolerant traits. P. pratensis, G. affine, and P. vittata were Pb-tolerant plants; and C. canadensis, P. pratensis, and G. affine were Cd-tolerant plants. P. acinosa had a great tolerance to Mn. and it was a valuable plant for on-site phytoremediation. Phragmites communis Trin. was found to have high metal tolerance and economic benefit as a raw material for paper and should be considered for soil remediation. G. affine and C. canadensis had excessive accumulation of Mn and could be useful in phytoremediation. However, although P. pratensis was a good accumulator, it was not a suitable plant for soil remediation because its biomass was too little.展开更多
Through a series of experiments using denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating sludge in sequencing batch reactors （SBRs）, the variations of the intracellular polymers during the anaerobic phosphorus release process at ...Through a series of experiments using denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating sludge in sequencing batch reactors （SBRs）, the variations of the intracellular polymers during the anaerobic phosphorus release process at different pH values were compared, the probable reasons for different performances of phosphorus removal were examined, and system operations in a typical cycle were investigated. The results show that the phosphorus removal rate was positively correlated with pH values in a range of 6.5-8.5. When the pH value was 8.0, the anaerobic phosphorus release rate and anoxic phosphorus uptake rate of the activated sludge were 20.95 mg/（g, h） and 23.29 mg/（g, h）, respectively; the mass fraction of poly-13-hydroxybutyrate （PHB） increased to 62.87 mg/g under anaerobic conditions; the mass fraction of polyphosphate was 92.67 mg/g under anoxic conditions; and the effluent concentration of total phosphorus （TP） was 1.47 mg/L. With the increase of pH, the mass fraction of acetic acid and PHB also increased, and the absorption rate of acetic acid was equal to the disintegration rate of polyphosphate. When the pH value was above 8.0, biological phosphorus removal was achieved by chemical phosphorus precipitation, and the phosphorus removal rate decreased.展开更多
文摘探明深旋松耕作技术(VRT)对西北黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯阶段性耗水、个体和群体生长状况、产量、水分利用效率和经济收益的影响,可为寻求抗旱增产、资源高效利用的耕作方法提供依据.本研究采用随机区组设计,于2016和2017年设置旋耕15 cm (TT)、深松40cm (DLT)、深旋松耕40 cm (VRT) 3种耕作方式,测定马铃薯不同生育时期0~200 cm土层土壤贮水量、叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数、植株干物质量和产量等指标,计算阶段耗水量、水分利用效率(WUE)、商品率、商品产量、纯收益和新增收益等指标,探究深旋松耕作对马铃薯生产效率和经济效益的影响.结果表明:与TT和DLT相比,VRT能显著促进马铃薯在盛花期和块茎膨大期的耗水,2016和2017年分别较DLT、TT增加了46.7、35.7和27.2、47.3 mm.由于VRT促进马铃薯耗水,叶片SPAD值、干物质量和叶面积指数均显著提高,证明它能促进马铃薯个体和群体发育.基于较高的个体和群体生长量,VRT的马铃薯块茎产量显著提高,分别在2016和2017年较DLT和TT增加了156.8%、47.8%和24.8%、41.0%,WUE相应地提高了92.3%、19.2%和18.9%、26.6%.深旋松耕作使马铃薯商品薯产量显著增加,纯收益和新增纯收益显著提高,在2016和2017年分别达到12631.9、11019.1和29498.3、18245.5元·hm-2.深旋松耕作促进马铃薯花期和块茎膨大期耗水,使马铃薯叶片SPAD值、干物质量和叶面积指数显著提高,导致块茎产量和水分利用效率明显升高,并提高了商品薯产量和纯收益,是适宜于西北黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯种植的耕作技术.
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)(No. 2001AA644020)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (No.04JJ3013).
文摘The Xiangtan Manganese (Mn) Mine in the middle of Hunan Province, China, has been mined since 1913 with mine tailings including excavated wastes, wastewater, and smelting wastes. A survey was conducted on the Mn mine tailing soils and eight plants on the Mn mine tailings. The concentrations of soil Mn, Pb, and Cd and the metal-enrichment traits of these eight plants were analyzed simultaneously. Exceptionally high concentrations of these three metals were found in the soils, especially on the tailing dam. Each plant investigated in this study accumulated the three heavy metals, but no hyperaccumulator of these metals was found. However, analysis indicated that Poa pratensis Linn., Gnaphalium affine D. Don, Pteris vittata L., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., and Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. possessed specially good metal-enrichment and metal-tolerant traits. P. pratensis, G. affine, and P. vittata were Pb-tolerant plants; and C. canadensis, P. pratensis, and G. affine were Cd-tolerant plants. P. acinosa had a great tolerance to Mn. and it was a valuable plant for on-site phytoremediation. Phragmites communis Trin. was found to have high metal tolerance and economic benefit as a raw material for paper and should be considered for soil remediation. G. affine and C. canadensis had excessive accumulation of Mn and could be useful in phytoremediation. However, although P. pratensis was a good accumulator, it was not a suitable plant for soil remediation because its biomass was too little.
基金supported by the Research Program of the Liaoning Educational Committee(Grant No.LJZ2016014)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(Grant No.201501069)+1 种基金the Research Program of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development(Grant No.2015-K7-007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51776131 and 51678375)
文摘Through a series of experiments using denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating sludge in sequencing batch reactors （SBRs）, the variations of the intracellular polymers during the anaerobic phosphorus release process at different pH values were compared, the probable reasons for different performances of phosphorus removal were examined, and system operations in a typical cycle were investigated. The results show that the phosphorus removal rate was positively correlated with pH values in a range of 6.5-8.5. When the pH value was 8.0, the anaerobic phosphorus release rate and anoxic phosphorus uptake rate of the activated sludge were 20.95 mg/（g, h） and 23.29 mg/（g, h）, respectively; the mass fraction of poly-13-hydroxybutyrate （PHB） increased to 62.87 mg/g under anaerobic conditions; the mass fraction of polyphosphate was 92.67 mg/g under anoxic conditions; and the effluent concentration of total phosphorus （TP） was 1.47 mg/L. With the increase of pH, the mass fraction of acetic acid and PHB also increased, and the absorption rate of acetic acid was equal to the disintegration rate of polyphosphate. When the pH value was above 8.0, biological phosphorus removal was achieved by chemical phosphorus precipitation, and the phosphorus removal rate decreased.
