Dihadron azimuthal correlations containing a high transverse momentum(pr)trigger particle are sensit-ive to the properties of the nuclear medium created at RHIC through the strong interactions occurring between the tr...Dihadron azimuthal correlations containing a high transverse momentum(pr)trigger particle are sensit-ive to the properties of the nuclear medium created at RHIC through the strong interactions occurring between the traversing parton and the medium,ie.jet-quenching.Previous measurements revealed a strong modification to di-hadron azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions with respect to ptp and d+Au collisions.The modification in-creases with the collision centrality,suggesting a path-length or energy density dependence to the je-quenching ef-fect.This paper reports STAR measurements of dihadron azimuthal correlations in mid-central(20%-60%)Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=200 GeV as a function of the trigger particle's azimuthal angle relative to the event plane,Ф_(s)=|Ф_(t)-ψ_(Ep)|.The azimuthal correlation is studied as a function of both the trigger and associated particle pr.The subtractions of the combinatorial background and anisotropic flow,assuming Zero Yield At Minimum(ZYAM),are described.The correlation results are first discussed with subtraction of the even harmonic(elliptic and quadrangu-lar)flow backgrounds.The away-side correlation is strongly modifed,and the modification varies withФ_(s),with a double-peak structure for out-of-plane trigger particles.The near-side ridge(long range pseudo-rapidity△_(η)correla-tion)appears to drop with increasingФ_(s)while the jet-like component remains approximately constant.The correla-tion functions are further studied with the subtraction of odd harmonic triangular flow background arising from fluc-tuations.It is found that the triangular flow,while responsible for the majority of the amplitudes,is not sufficient to explain theφs-dependence of the ridge or the away-side double-peak structure.The dropping ridge withФ_(s)could be attributed to aФ_(s)-dependent lliptie anisotropy;however,the physics mechanism of the ridge remains an open ques-tion.Even with aФ_(s)-dependent elliptic flow,the away-side correlation structure is robust.These results,with exte展开更多
Objective This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid nodules（TNs） and its relationship with urine iodine concentrations（UICs） after the regional rapid economic growth and lifestyle changes. Meth...Objective This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid nodules（TNs） and its relationship with urine iodine concentrations（UICs） after the regional rapid economic growth and lifestyle changes. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the general population aged 15-69 years. A questionnaire regarding general and personal characteristics and relevant information was administered. Ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed, and serum triiodothyronine（T3）, tetraiodothyronine（T4）, serum thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH）, free triiodothyronine（FT3）, free tetraiodothyronine（FT4）, thyroglobulin antibody（Tg Ab）, thyroid peroxidase antibody（TPOAb）, and TSH receptor antibody（TRAb） levels were measured for each individual subject. Results The prevalence rates of TNs in the whole population, females and males were 27.76%, 34.04%, and 21.60%, respectively. The prevalence of multiple nodules increased with age, whereas the prevalence peaks differed between males and females. The median UICs in the whole population and females with non-TNs were higher than those of subjects with TNs（P=0.0035, P=0.0068）. The median UICs in subjects with a single TN were higher than those in subjects with multiple TNs（P=0.0164, P=0.0127）. The result showed a U-shaped curve relationship between UIC and prevalence of TNs. The prevalence of TNs was the lowest when the UIC was 140-400 μg/L. Conclusion The prevalence of TNs was nearly 30% and increased with age. The relationship between UIC and prevalence of TNs is U-shaped, with an increase in risk when the UIC was 〈140 μg/L and 〉400 μg/L. Very low or high UIC levels need attention and correction.展开更多
Back-streaming neutrons from the spallation target of the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)that emit through the incoming proton channel were exploited to build a white neutron beam facility(the so-called Back-n w...Back-streaming neutrons from the spallation target of the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)that emit through the incoming proton channel were exploited to build a white neutron beam facility(the so-called Back-n white neutron source),which was completed in March 2018.The Back-n neutron beam is very intense,at approximately 29107 n/cm2/s at 55 m from the target,and has a nominal proton beam with a power of 100 kW in the CSNS-I phase and a kinetic energy of 1.6 GeV and a thick tungsten target in multiple slices with modest moderation from the cooling water through the slices.In addition,the excellent energy spectrum spanning from 0.5 eV to 200 MeV,and a good time resolution related tothe time-of-flight measurements make it a typical white neutron source for nuclear data measurements;its overall performance is among that of the best white neutron sources in the world.Equipped with advanced spectrometers,detectors,and application utilities,the Back-n facility can serve wide applications,with a focus on neutron-induced cross-sectional measurements.This article presents an overview of the neutron beam characteristics,the experimental setups,and the ongoing applications at Backn.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor （MMIF）, hypoxia-inducible factor- 1 α（HIF- 1α ）and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the serum and e...The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor （MMIF）, hypoxia-inducible factor- 1 α（HIF- 1α ）and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the serum and endometrial tissues of patients with endometriosis （EM） and the clinical significance. Eighty EM patients [American Reproductive Association stage Ⅰ （n=20）, stage Ⅱ （n=22）, stage Ⅲ （n=21） and stage Ⅳ （n=17）] were enrolled and divided into mild （10- 14 points, n=28）, moderate （16-24 points, n=27） and severe （26-30 points, n=25） dysmenorrhea groups. The control group included 40 healthy women of childbearing age who underwent routine healthcare examinations in the enrolment period. The expression of MMIF, HIF- 1α and VEGF in the serum and endometrial tissues was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting, respectively. Meanwhile, the sensitivity and specificity of serum MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF when separately used as single indexes or jointly used as one index were examined as well. The results showed that serum concentrations of MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF were significantly higher in EM patients than in controls （P〈0.05）. The expression of all three proteins in both serum and endometrial tissues increased significantly with the R-AFS stage （P〈0.05） and with dysmenorrheal severity （P〈0.05）. The sensitivity and specificity of the combined detection of serum MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF levels were significantly higher than those of single index detection （P〈0.05）. In conclusion, the expression of MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF in the serum and endometrial tissues may be used to assess the stage of EM and the severity of dysmenorrhea. Combined evaluation of MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF significantly improves the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.展开更多
Background:After the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy(ART)for HIV infected people,increasing numbers of patients have pretreatment drug resistance(PDR).In this study,the prevalence of PDR was evaluated in adults ini...Background:After the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy(ART)for HIV infected people,increasing numbers of patients have pretreatment drug resistance(PDR).In this study,the prevalence of PDR was evaluated in adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in China.Methods:Blood samples were obtained from 1943 patients who initiated antiretroviral therapy(ART)in 2017 from 13 provinces or cities in China.Pol sequences were used to analyze drug resistance and construct transmission networks.Logistic regression model was used to estimate the potential factors associated with PDR.Results:In total,1711 eligible patients(76.0%male;87.8%aged≥25 years)were included,of which 117(6.8%)had PDR.The highest rates of PDR were 12.2%in Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan and 9.3 and 8.9%in Dehong and Lincang Prefecture of Yunnan.A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PDR was significantly higher among intravenous drug users(adjusted Odds Ratio(aOR)=2.64,95%CI:1.57–4.44)and individuals from Liangshan,Dehong,and Lincang(aOR=2.04,95%CI:1.26–3.30).In total,754 sequences were used to generate 164 transmission networks.Five transmission networks had two or three sequences containing the same mutations,two networks contained subjects from Liangshan,and one network contained subjects from Dehong.Conclusions:Overall,the PDR prevalence was moderate,with a particularly high prevalence in areas with severe HIV epidemics.These results indicate the importance of continuous PDR monitoring in patients initiating antiretroviral therapy.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of severe hepatitis B remains unknown. Reports have indicated that hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations are important factors in the pathogenesis of this disease. This study was to investigat...BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of severe hepatitis B remains unknown. Reports have indicated that hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations are important factors in the pathogenesis of this disease. This study was to investigate the genetic heterogeneity of HBV strains from serum samples of patients with fulminant hepatitis B. METHODS: Full-length HBV genomes from 4 patients with severe hepatitis B were cloned and sequenced to observe mutations in every open reading-frame ( ORF). Serum samples of another 25 patients with severe hepatitis B, 30 patients with chronic hepatitis B, and 25 HBV carriers were collected for sequencing and comparison of mutations in preS2, preC and core promoter regions. RESULTS: Of 4 HBV full-length genome sequences, 3 had a G to A mutation at nucleotide A1896 in the preC region and 1 had double mutations of T1762-A1764 in the core promoter region. The 4 sequences showed mutations in the known B or T cell epitopes of the preS2 and C regions. For the other 3 groups, more mutations were seen in the preS2 region in the HBV isolates from the patients with severe hepatitis B than those from the patients with chronic hepatitis B and HBV carriers (P <0.01). There was a significant difference of mutations in the T cell epitope region of preS2 between the patients with severe hepatitis B and those with chronic hepatitis B or HBV carriers (P <0.01). In the preC and core promoter regions, the mutation frequencies of T1653 and C1753 were 48.0% and 24.0% respectively in the patients with severe hepatitis B, but none of these mutations were observed in the patients with chronic hepatitis B group or HBV carriers (P <0.01). The mutation frequency of T1762-A1764 was 76.0% in the patients with severe hepatitis B, 40.0% in the patients with chronic hepatitis B (P <0. 01) , and 16. 0% in the HBV carriers ( P < 0. 01). There was a significant difference in A1896 mutation between the patients with severe hepatitis B and the patients with chronic hepatitis B (P < 0. 05 ) or the HBV carriers (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our obs展开更多
Rice is a major source of cadmium(Cd) intake for Asian people. Indica rice usually accumulates more Cd in shoots and grains than Japonica rice. However, underlying genetic bases for differential Cd accumulation betwee...Rice is a major source of cadmium(Cd) intake for Asian people. Indica rice usually accumulates more Cd in shoots and grains than Japonica rice. However, underlying genetic bases for differential Cd accumulation between Indica and Japonica rice are still unknown. In this study, we cloned a quantitative trait locus(QTL) grain Cd concentration on chromosome 7(GCC7) responsible for differential grain Cd accumulation between two rice varieties by performing QTL analysis and map-based cloning. We found that the two GCC7 alleles, GCC7PA64s and GCC793-11, had different promoter activity of OsHMA3,leading to different OsHMA3 expression and different shoot and grain Cd concentrations. By analyzing the distribution of different haplotypes of GCC7 among diverse rice accessions, we discovered that the high and low Cd accumulation alleles, namely GCC793-11 and GCC7PA64s, were preferentially distributed in Indica and Japonica rice,respectively. We further showed that the GCC7PA64sallele can be used to replace the GCC793-11 allele in the super cultivar 93-11 to reduce grain Cd concentration without adverse effect on agronomic traits. Our results thus reveal that the QTL GCC7 with sequence variation in the OsHMA3 promoter is an important determinant controlling differential grain Cd accumulation between Indica and Japonica rice.展开更多
Background:The current deep learning diagnosis of breast masses is mainly reflected by the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions.In China,breast masses are divided into four categories according to the treatment m...Background:The current deep learning diagnosis of breast masses is mainly reflected by the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions.In China,breast masses are divided into four categories according to the treatment method:inflammatory masses,adenosis,benign tumors,and malignant tumors.These categorizations are important for guiding clinical treatment.In this study,we aimed to develop a convolutional neural network(CNN)for classification of these four breast mass types using ultrasound(US)images.Methods:Taking breast biopsy or pathological examinations as the reference standard,CNNs were used to establish models for the four-way classification of 3623 breast cancer patients from 13 centers.The patients were randomly divided into training and test groups(n=1810 vs.n=1813).Separate models were created for two-dimensional(2D)images only,2D and color Doppler flow imaging(2D-CDFI),and 2D-CDFI and pulsed wave Doppler(2D-CDFI-PW)images.The performance of these three models was compared using sensitivity,specificity,area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),positive(PPV)and negative predictive values(NPV),positive(LR+)and negative likelihood ratios(LR-),and the performance of the 2D model was further compared between masses of different sizes with above statistical indicators,between images from different hospitals with AUC,and with the performance of 37 radiologists.Results:The accuracies of the 2D,2D-CDFI,and 2D-CDFI-PW models on the test set were 87.9%,89.2%,and 88.7%,respectively.The AUCs for classification of benign tumors,malignant tumors,inflammatory masses,and adenosis were 0.90,0.91,0.90,and 0.89,respectively(95%confidence intervals[CIs],0.87-0.91,0.89-0.92,0.87-0.91,and 0.86-0.90).The 2D-CDFI model showed better accuracy(89.2%)on the test set than the 2D(87.9%)and 2D-CDFI-PW(88.7%)models.The 2D model showed accuracy of 81.7%on breast masses≤1 cm and 82.3%on breast masses>1 cm;there was a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.001).The accuracy of the CNN classifications for the test s展开更多
目的通过文献分析平衡训练对慢性踝关节不稳的疗效。方法检索PubMed和Web of Science数据库2000年1月至2019年4月以"慢性踝关节不稳"和"平衡训练"为主题的英文文献。结果和结论慢性踝关节不稳患者最常应用的平衡训...目的通过文献分析平衡训练对慢性踝关节不稳的疗效。方法检索PubMed和Web of Science数据库2000年1月至2019年4月以"慢性踝关节不稳"和"平衡训练"为主题的英文文献。结果和结论慢性踝关节不稳患者最常应用的平衡训练方法为Wobble Board训练和渐进性跳跃稳定平衡(PHSB)训练;现已形成包含单腿站立重心变化和平衡策略的静态平衡、包含星形偏移平衡测试和功能性跳跃的动态平衡、踝关节自评功能问卷、生活质量和社会参与程度问卷的评估模式,完善了平衡训练对患者损伤情况、功能和参与影响的整体化评价体系。展开更多
tRNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNAs),including tRNA-derived fragments(tRFs)and tRNA halves(tiRNAs),are small regulatory RNAs processed from mature tRNAs or precursor tRNAs.tRFs and tiRNAs play biological roles through a va...tRNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNAs),including tRNA-derived fragments(tRFs)and tRNA halves(tiRNAs),are small regulatory RNAs processed from mature tRNAs or precursor tRNAs.tRFs and tiRNAs play biological roles through a variety of mechanisms by interacting with proteins or mRNA,inhibiting translation,and regulating gene expression,the cell cycle,and chromatin and epigenetic modifications.The establishment and application of research technologies are important in understanding the biological roles of tRFs and tiRNAs.To study the molecular mechanisms of tRFs and tiRNAs,researchers have used a variety of bioinformatics and molecular biology methods,such as microarray analysis,real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR);Northern blotting;RNA sequencing(RNA-seq);cross-linking,ligation and sequencing of hybrids(CLASH);and photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced cross-linking and immunoprecipitation(PAR-CLIP).This paper summarizes the classification,action mechanisms,and roles of tRFs and tiRNAs in human diseases and the related signal transduction pathways,targeted therapies,databases,and research methods associated with them.展开更多
The increasing demand for clean energy and growing concerns regarding environmental sustainability have led to greater attention devoted toward the production of clean fuels via green chemistry.In this respect,ammonia...The increasing demand for clean energy and growing concerns regarding environmental sustainability have led to greater attention devoted toward the production of clean fuels via green chemistry.In this respect,ammonia is a green alternative to fossil fuels and can serve as a clean energy source.There is now great interest in realizing the electrochemical reduction in atmospheric nitrogen(N_(2))for cheap,environmentally friendly and reliable ammonia(NH_(3))production worldwide.However,the robustness of the triple bond in N2 and the low efficiency of candidate catalysts limit the utility of this conversion.Single atom catalysts have been found to be more effective than nanoparticles due to their unique properties,and thus have been studied extensively for the nitrogen reduction reaction.In this review,we have covered the recent advances in design and synthesis of noble metal and non-noble metal single atom catalysts for the electrochemical reduction in nitrogen during the years 2018-2022.The catalyst efficiencies,with reference to coordination preferences and theoretical studies have been discussed.Moreover,we also provide insights into the current challenges and some considerations for further future studies.展开更多
基金Supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S.DOE Office of Sciencethe U.S.NSF+18 种基金the Sloan Foundationthe DFG cluster of excellence‘Origin and Structure of the Universe’of Germany,CNRS/IN2P3STFC and EPSRC of the United KingdomFAPESP CNPq of Brazil,Ministry of Ed.Sci.of the Russian FederationNNSFCCASMoSTMoE of ChinaGA and MSMT of the Czech RepublicFOM and NWO of the NetherlandsDAEDSTCSIR of IndiaPolish Ministry of Sci.Higher Ed.,Korea Research Foundation,Ministry of Sci.,Ed.Sports of the Rep.Of CroatiaRussian Ministry of Sci.and TechRos-Atom of Russia。
文摘Dihadron azimuthal correlations containing a high transverse momentum(pr)trigger particle are sensit-ive to the properties of the nuclear medium created at RHIC through the strong interactions occurring between the traversing parton and the medium,ie.jet-quenching.Previous measurements revealed a strong modification to di-hadron azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions with respect to ptp and d+Au collisions.The modification in-creases with the collision centrality,suggesting a path-length or energy density dependence to the je-quenching ef-fect.This paper reports STAR measurements of dihadron azimuthal correlations in mid-central(20%-60%)Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=200 GeV as a function of the trigger particle's azimuthal angle relative to the event plane,Ф_(s)=|Ф_(t)-ψ_(Ep)|.The azimuthal correlation is studied as a function of both the trigger and associated particle pr.The subtractions of the combinatorial background and anisotropic flow,assuming Zero Yield At Minimum(ZYAM),are described.The correlation results are first discussed with subtraction of the even harmonic(elliptic and quadrangu-lar)flow backgrounds.The away-side correlation is strongly modifed,and the modification varies withФ_(s),with a double-peak structure for out-of-plane trigger particles.The near-side ridge(long range pseudo-rapidity△_(η)correla-tion)appears to drop with increasingФ_(s)while the jet-like component remains approximately constant.The correla-tion functions are further studied with the subtraction of odd harmonic triangular flow background arising from fluc-tuations.It is found that the triangular flow,while responsible for the majority of the amplitudes,is not sufficient to explain theφs-dependence of the ridge or the away-side double-peak structure.The dropping ridge withФ_(s)could be attributed to aФ_(s)-dependent lliptie anisotropy;however,the physics mechanism of the ridge remains an open ques-tion.Even with aФ_(s)-dependent elliptic flow,the away-side correlation structure is robust.These results,with exte
基金supported by Shanghai Municipal health Bureau(number 20134332)the research grants of the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Health(number 20134053)+3 种基金Health Fields Specific Research Grant(201202012)the Major Project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(11DJ1400202)the four grants from Key Discipline of Shanghai Public Health-Food and Nutrition Sciences(12GWZX0702)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(15YF1411100)
文摘Objective This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid nodules（TNs） and its relationship with urine iodine concentrations（UICs） after the regional rapid economic growth and lifestyle changes. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the general population aged 15-69 years. A questionnaire regarding general and personal characteristics and relevant information was administered. Ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed, and serum triiodothyronine（T3）, tetraiodothyronine（T4）, serum thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH）, free triiodothyronine（FT3）, free tetraiodothyronine（FT4）, thyroglobulin antibody（Tg Ab）, thyroid peroxidase antibody（TPOAb）, and TSH receptor antibody（TRAb） levels were measured for each individual subject. Results The prevalence rates of TNs in the whole population, females and males were 27.76%, 34.04%, and 21.60%, respectively. The prevalence of multiple nodules increased with age, whereas the prevalence peaks differed between males and females. The median UICs in the whole population and females with non-TNs were higher than those of subjects with TNs（P=0.0035, P=0.0068）. The median UICs in subjects with a single TN were higher than those in subjects with multiple TNs（P=0.0164, P=0.0127）. The result showed a U-shaped curve relationship between UIC and prevalence of TNs. The prevalence of TNs was the lowest when the UIC was 140-400 μg/L. Conclusion The prevalence of TNs was nearly 30% and increased with age. The relationship between UIC and prevalence of TNs is U-shaped, with an increase in risk when the UIC was 〈140 μg/L and 〉400 μg/L. Very low or high UIC levels need attention and correction.
基金This work was jointly supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0401600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11235012 and 12035017)+1 种基金the CSNS Engineering Projectthe Back-n Collaboration Consortium fund。
文摘Back-streaming neutrons from the spallation target of the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)that emit through the incoming proton channel were exploited to build a white neutron beam facility(the so-called Back-n white neutron source),which was completed in March 2018.The Back-n neutron beam is very intense,at approximately 29107 n/cm2/s at 55 m from the target,and has a nominal proton beam with a power of 100 kW in the CSNS-I phase and a kinetic energy of 1.6 GeV and a thick tungsten target in multiple slices with modest moderation from the cooling water through the slices.In addition,the excellent energy spectrum spanning from 0.5 eV to 200 MeV,and a good time resolution related tothe time-of-flight measurements make it a typical white neutron source for nuclear data measurements;its overall performance is among that of the best white neutron sources in the world.Equipped with advanced spectrometers,detectors,and application utilities,the Back-n facility can serve wide applications,with a focus on neutron-induced cross-sectional measurements.This article presents an overview of the neutron beam characteristics,the experimental setups,and the ongoing applications at Backn.
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor （MMIF）, hypoxia-inducible factor- 1 α（HIF- 1α ）and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the serum and endometrial tissues of patients with endometriosis （EM） and the clinical significance. Eighty EM patients [American Reproductive Association stage Ⅰ （n=20）, stage Ⅱ （n=22）, stage Ⅲ （n=21） and stage Ⅳ （n=17）] were enrolled and divided into mild （10- 14 points, n=28）, moderate （16-24 points, n=27） and severe （26-30 points, n=25） dysmenorrhea groups. The control group included 40 healthy women of childbearing age who underwent routine healthcare examinations in the enrolment period. The expression of MMIF, HIF- 1α and VEGF in the serum and endometrial tissues was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting, respectively. Meanwhile, the sensitivity and specificity of serum MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF when separately used as single indexes or jointly used as one index were examined as well. The results showed that serum concentrations of MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF were significantly higher in EM patients than in controls （P〈0.05）. The expression of all three proteins in both serum and endometrial tissues increased significantly with the R-AFS stage （P〈0.05） and with dysmenorrheal severity （P〈0.05）. The sensitivity and specificity of the combined detection of serum MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF levels were significantly higher than those of single index detection （P〈0.05）. In conclusion, the expression of MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF in the serum and endometrial tissues may be used to assess the stage of EM and the severity of dysmenorrhea. Combined evaluation of MMIF, HIF-1α, and VEGF significantly improves the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11471336)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2017ZX10201101)+1 种基金Guangxi Science and Technology Bureau(AB16380213)Guangxi Bagui Honor Scholarship,and Chinese State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control.
文摘Background:After the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy(ART)for HIV infected people,increasing numbers of patients have pretreatment drug resistance(PDR).In this study,the prevalence of PDR was evaluated in adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in China.Methods:Blood samples were obtained from 1943 patients who initiated antiretroviral therapy(ART)in 2017 from 13 provinces or cities in China.Pol sequences were used to analyze drug resistance and construct transmission networks.Logistic regression model was used to estimate the potential factors associated with PDR.Results:In total,1711 eligible patients(76.0%male;87.8%aged≥25 years)were included,of which 117(6.8%)had PDR.The highest rates of PDR were 12.2%in Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan and 9.3 and 8.9%in Dehong and Lincang Prefecture of Yunnan.A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PDR was significantly higher among intravenous drug users(adjusted Odds Ratio(aOR)=2.64,95%CI:1.57–4.44)and individuals from Liangshan,Dehong,and Lincang(aOR=2.04,95%CI:1.26–3.30).In total,754 sequences were used to generate 164 transmission networks.Five transmission networks had two or three sequences containing the same mutations,two networks contained subjects from Liangshan,and one network contained subjects from Dehong.Conclusions:Overall,the PDR prevalence was moderate,with a particularly high prevalence in areas with severe HIV epidemics.These results indicate the importance of continuous PDR monitoring in patients initiating antiretroviral therapy.
基金This study was supported a grant from Health Bureau of Zhejiang Province, China ( No: 20020302).
文摘BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of severe hepatitis B remains unknown. Reports have indicated that hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations are important factors in the pathogenesis of this disease. This study was to investigate the genetic heterogeneity of HBV strains from serum samples of patients with fulminant hepatitis B. METHODS: Full-length HBV genomes from 4 patients with severe hepatitis B were cloned and sequenced to observe mutations in every open reading-frame ( ORF). Serum samples of another 25 patients with severe hepatitis B, 30 patients with chronic hepatitis B, and 25 HBV carriers were collected for sequencing and comparison of mutations in preS2, preC and core promoter regions. RESULTS: Of 4 HBV full-length genome sequences, 3 had a G to A mutation at nucleotide A1896 in the preC region and 1 had double mutations of T1762-A1764 in the core promoter region. The 4 sequences showed mutations in the known B or T cell epitopes of the preS2 and C regions. For the other 3 groups, more mutations were seen in the preS2 region in the HBV isolates from the patients with severe hepatitis B than those from the patients with chronic hepatitis B and HBV carriers (P <0.01). There was a significant difference of mutations in the T cell epitope region of preS2 between the patients with severe hepatitis B and those with chronic hepatitis B or HBV carriers (P <0.01). In the preC and core promoter regions, the mutation frequencies of T1653 and C1753 were 48.0% and 24.0% respectively in the patients with severe hepatitis B, but none of these mutations were observed in the patients with chronic hepatitis B group or HBV carriers (P <0.01). The mutation frequency of T1762-A1764 was 76.0% in the patients with severe hepatitis B, 40.0% in the patients with chronic hepatitis B (P <0. 01) , and 16. 0% in the HBV carriers ( P < 0. 01). There was a significant difference in A1896 mutation between the patients with severe hepatitis B and the patients with chronic hepatitis B (P < 0. 05 ) or the HBV carriers (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our obs
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601284,31661143006)the special fund for agro-scientific research in the public interest(201403015)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Programthe Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Rice is a major source of cadmium(Cd) intake for Asian people. Indica rice usually accumulates more Cd in shoots and grains than Japonica rice. However, underlying genetic bases for differential Cd accumulation between Indica and Japonica rice are still unknown. In this study, we cloned a quantitative trait locus(QTL) grain Cd concentration on chromosome 7(GCC7) responsible for differential grain Cd accumulation between two rice varieties by performing QTL analysis and map-based cloning. We found that the two GCC7 alleles, GCC7PA64s and GCC793-11, had different promoter activity of OsHMA3,leading to different OsHMA3 expression and different shoot and grain Cd concentrations. By analyzing the distribution of different haplotypes of GCC7 among diverse rice accessions, we discovered that the high and low Cd accumulation alleles, namely GCC793-11 and GCC7PA64s, were preferentially distributed in Indica and Japonica rice,respectively. We further showed that the GCC7PA64sallele can be used to replace the GCC793-11 allele in the super cultivar 93-11 to reduce grain Cd concentration without adverse effect on agronomic traits. Our results thus reveal that the QTL GCC7 with sequence variation in the OsHMA3 promoter is an important determinant controlling differential grain Cd accumulation between Indica and Japonica rice.
基金This study was supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0104801)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81730050)。
文摘Background:The current deep learning diagnosis of breast masses is mainly reflected by the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions.In China,breast masses are divided into four categories according to the treatment method:inflammatory masses,adenosis,benign tumors,and malignant tumors.These categorizations are important for guiding clinical treatment.In this study,we aimed to develop a convolutional neural network(CNN)for classification of these four breast mass types using ultrasound(US)images.Methods:Taking breast biopsy or pathological examinations as the reference standard,CNNs were used to establish models for the four-way classification of 3623 breast cancer patients from 13 centers.The patients were randomly divided into training and test groups(n=1810 vs.n=1813).Separate models were created for two-dimensional(2D)images only,2D and color Doppler flow imaging(2D-CDFI),and 2D-CDFI and pulsed wave Doppler(2D-CDFI-PW)images.The performance of these three models was compared using sensitivity,specificity,area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),positive(PPV)and negative predictive values(NPV),positive(LR+)and negative likelihood ratios(LR-),and the performance of the 2D model was further compared between masses of different sizes with above statistical indicators,between images from different hospitals with AUC,and with the performance of 37 radiologists.Results:The accuracies of the 2D,2D-CDFI,and 2D-CDFI-PW models on the test set were 87.9%,89.2%,and 88.7%,respectively.The AUCs for classification of benign tumors,malignant tumors,inflammatory masses,and adenosis were 0.90,0.91,0.90,and 0.89,respectively(95%confidence intervals[CIs],0.87-0.91,0.89-0.92,0.87-0.91,and 0.86-0.90).The 2D-CDFI model showed better accuracy(89.2%)on the test set than the 2D(87.9%)and 2D-CDFI-PW(88.7%)models.The 2D model showed accuracy of 81.7%on breast masses≤1 cm and 82.3%on breast masses>1 cm;there was a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.001).The accuracy of the CNN classifications for the test s
文摘目的通过文献分析平衡训练对慢性踝关节不稳的疗效。方法检索PubMed和Web of Science数据库2000年1月至2019年4月以"慢性踝关节不稳"和"平衡训练"为主题的英文文献。结果和结论慢性踝关节不稳患者最常应用的平衡训练方法为Wobble Board训练和渐进性跳跃稳定平衡(PHSB)训练;现已形成包含单腿站立重心变化和平衡策略的静态平衡、包含星形偏移平衡测试和功能性跳跃的动态平衡、踝关节自评功能问卷、生活质量和社会参与程度问卷的评估模式,完善了平衡训练对患者损伤情况、功能和参与影响的整体化评价体系。
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.81974316)the Scientific Innovation Team Project of Ningbo(no.2017C110019)+1 种基金Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology(no.202001)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University.
文摘tRNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNAs),including tRNA-derived fragments(tRFs)and tRNA halves(tiRNAs),are small regulatory RNAs processed from mature tRNAs or precursor tRNAs.tRFs and tiRNAs play biological roles through a variety of mechanisms by interacting with proteins or mRNA,inhibiting translation,and regulating gene expression,the cell cycle,and chromatin and epigenetic modifications.The establishment and application of research technologies are important in understanding the biological roles of tRFs and tiRNAs.To study the molecular mechanisms of tRFs and tiRNAs,researchers have used a variety of bioinformatics and molecular biology methods,such as microarray analysis,real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR);Northern blotting;RNA sequencing(RNA-seq);cross-linking,ligation and sequencing of hybrids(CLASH);and photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced cross-linking and immunoprecipitation(PAR-CLIP).This paper summarizes the classification,action mechanisms,and roles of tRFs and tiRNAs in human diseases and the related signal transduction pathways,targeted therapies,databases,and research methods associated with them.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21972010)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2192039)。
文摘The increasing demand for clean energy and growing concerns regarding environmental sustainability have led to greater attention devoted toward the production of clean fuels via green chemistry.In this respect,ammonia is a green alternative to fossil fuels and can serve as a clean energy source.There is now great interest in realizing the electrochemical reduction in atmospheric nitrogen(N_(2))for cheap,environmentally friendly and reliable ammonia(NH_(3))production worldwide.However,the robustness of the triple bond in N2 and the low efficiency of candidate catalysts limit the utility of this conversion.Single atom catalysts have been found to be more effective than nanoparticles due to their unique properties,and thus have been studied extensively for the nitrogen reduction reaction.In this review,we have covered the recent advances in design and synthesis of noble metal and non-noble metal single atom catalysts for the electrochemical reduction in nitrogen during the years 2018-2022.The catalyst efficiencies,with reference to coordination preferences and theoretical studies have been discussed.Moreover,we also provide insights into the current challenges and some considerations for further future studies.
