Dear Editor,Rice dwarf virus(RDV),a member of the Phytoreoviurs genus,is transmitted to rice(Oryza sativa)plants by leaf-hopper(Nephotettix cincticeps)in a propagative manner.Infection by RDV results in severe stuntin...Dear Editor,Rice dwarf virus(RDV),a member of the Phytoreoviurs genus,is transmitted to rice(Oryza sativa)plants by leaf-hopper(Nephotettix cincticeps)in a propagative manner.Infection by RDV results in severe stunting growth pheno-types and a dramatic reduction in grain yield.The genome of RDV is composed of 12-segmented double-stranded RNAs(S1-S12 based on their migration rates in agarose gel electro-phoresis).The 12 segments encode seven structural proteins(P1,P2,P3,P5,P7,P8,and P9 as the products of Sl,S2,S3,S5,S7,S8,and S9,respectively)and five nonstructural proteins(Pns4,Pns6,Pnsl0,Pns11,and Pns12 as the products of S4,S6,S10,S11,and S12,respectively).The outer capsid protein P2 is essential for RDV infection of insects and thus influences transmission of RDV by the insect vector(Omura et al.,1998;Zhou et al.,2007).P2 also contributes to the dwarf phenotype of infected rice by interfering with gibberellic acid synthesis(Zhu et al.,2005).When RDV-infected rice plants were main-tained via vegetative propagation for several years without insect transmission,they regained normal growth height due to loss of RDV P2 and Pnsl0 proteins(Pu et al.,2011).展开更多
Current studies have shown that the spatial-temporal graph convolutional network(STGCN)is effective for skeleton-based action recognition.However,for the existing STGCN-based methods,their temporal kernel size is usua...Current studies have shown that the spatial-temporal graph convolutional network(STGCN)is effective for skeleton-based action recognition.However,for the existing STGCN-based methods,their temporal kernel size is usually fixed over all layers,which makes them cannot fully exploit the temporal dependency between discontinuous frames and different sequence lengths.Besides,most of these methods use average pooling to obtain global graph feature from vertex features,resulting in losing much fine-grained information for action classification.To address these issues,in this work,the authors propose a novel spatial attentive and temporal dilated graph convolutional network(SATD-GCN).It contains two important components,that is,a spatial attention pooling module(SAP)and a temporal dilated graph convolution module(TDGC).Specifically,the SAP module can select the human body joints which are beneficial for action recognition by a self-attention mechanism and alleviates the influence of data redundancy and noise.The TDGC module can effectively extract the temporal features at different time scales,which is useful to improve the temporal perception field and enhance the robustness of the model to different motion speed and sequence length.Importantly,both the SAP module and the TDGC module can be easily integrated into the ST-GCN-based models,and significantly improve their performance.Extensive experiments on two large-scale benchmark datasets,that is,NTU-RGB+D and Kinetics-Skeleton,demonstrate that the authors’method achieves the state-of-the-art performance for skeleton-based action recognition.展开更多
Herein,we demonstrate a tetradic double-network physical cross-linking hydrogel comprising of gelatin,polyacrylic acid,tannic acid,and aluminum chloride as wearable hydrogel sensors.Based on the coordination bonds,hyd...Herein,we demonstrate a tetradic double-network physical cross-linking hydrogel comprising of gelatin,polyacrylic acid,tannic acid,and aluminum chloride as wearable hydrogel sensors.Based on the coordination bonds,hydrogen bonds,and chain entanglements of the two networks,the acquired hydrogel possesses excellent tensile properties,self-healing performance,and adhesiveness to many substrates.Mechanical properties can be tuned with fracture strain ranging from 900 to 2200%and tensile strength ranging from 24 to 216 kPa,respectively.Besides,the hydrogel also exhibits good strain-sensitivity when monitoring the motions of humans,such as bending of fingers,bending of elbows.Hence,we can believe that the GATA hydrogel has numerous applications in soft robots,intelligent wearable devices,and human health supervision.展开更多
文摘Dear Editor,Rice dwarf virus(RDV),a member of the Phytoreoviurs genus,is transmitted to rice(Oryza sativa)plants by leaf-hopper(Nephotettix cincticeps)in a propagative manner.Infection by RDV results in severe stunting growth pheno-types and a dramatic reduction in grain yield.The genome of RDV is composed of 12-segmented double-stranded RNAs(S1-S12 based on their migration rates in agarose gel electro-phoresis).The 12 segments encode seven structural proteins(P1,P2,P3,P5,P7,P8,and P9 as the products of Sl,S2,S3,S5,S7,S8,and S9,respectively)and five nonstructural proteins(Pns4,Pns6,Pnsl0,Pns11,and Pns12 as the products of S4,S6,S10,S11,and S12,respectively).The outer capsid protein P2 is essential for RDV infection of insects and thus influences transmission of RDV by the insect vector(Omura et al.,1998;Zhou et al.,2007).P2 also contributes to the dwarf phenotype of infected rice by interfering with gibberellic acid synthesis(Zhu et al.,2005).When RDV-infected rice plants were main-tained via vegetative propagation for several years without insect transmission,they regained normal growth height due to loss of RDV P2 and Pnsl0 proteins(Pu et al.,2011).
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2018YFB1600600。
文摘Current studies have shown that the spatial-temporal graph convolutional network(STGCN)is effective for skeleton-based action recognition.However,for the existing STGCN-based methods,their temporal kernel size is usually fixed over all layers,which makes them cannot fully exploit the temporal dependency between discontinuous frames and different sequence lengths.Besides,most of these methods use average pooling to obtain global graph feature from vertex features,resulting in losing much fine-grained information for action classification.To address these issues,in this work,the authors propose a novel spatial attentive and temporal dilated graph convolutional network(SATD-GCN).It contains two important components,that is,a spatial attention pooling module(SAP)and a temporal dilated graph convolution module(TDGC).Specifically,the SAP module can select the human body joints which are beneficial for action recognition by a self-attention mechanism and alleviates the influence of data redundancy and noise.The TDGC module can effectively extract the temporal features at different time scales,which is useful to improve the temporal perception field and enhance the robustness of the model to different motion speed and sequence length.Importantly,both the SAP module and the TDGC module can be easily integrated into the ST-GCN-based models,and significantly improve their performance.Extensive experiments on two large-scale benchmark datasets,that is,NTU-RGB+D and Kinetics-Skeleton,demonstrate that the authors’method achieves the state-of-the-art performance for skeleton-based action recognition.
基金financially supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51633007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51803151,51973152,51973151,51803149 and 51773147)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(No.18JCQNJC03100)the Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars in Tianjin(No.19JCJQJC61700)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFA0202302)
文摘Herein,we demonstrate a tetradic double-network physical cross-linking hydrogel comprising of gelatin,polyacrylic acid,tannic acid,and aluminum chloride as wearable hydrogel sensors.Based on the coordination bonds,hydrogen bonds,and chain entanglements of the two networks,the acquired hydrogel possesses excellent tensile properties,self-healing performance,and adhesiveness to many substrates.Mechanical properties can be tuned with fracture strain ranging from 900 to 2200%and tensile strength ranging from 24 to 216 kPa,respectively.Besides,the hydrogel also exhibits good strain-sensitivity when monitoring the motions of humans,such as bending of fingers,bending of elbows.Hence,we can believe that the GATA hydrogel has numerous applications in soft robots,intelligent wearable devices,and human health supervision.
