Aegilops tauschii is the donor of the D genome of common wheat (Triticum aestivum). Genetic variation of HMW glutenin subunits encoded by the Glu-1Dt locus of Ae. tauschii has been found to be higher than that specifi...Aegilops tauschii is the donor of the D genome of common wheat (Triticum aestivum). Genetic variation of HMW glutenin subunits encoded by the Glu-1Dt locus of Ae. tauschii has been found to be higher than that specified by the Glu-1D locus in common wheat. In the present note, we report the identification of a novel HMW glutenin subunit, Dy13t, from Ae. tauschii. The newly identified subunit pos-sessed an electrophoretic mobility that was faster than that of the Dy12 subunit of common wheat. The complete ORF of encoding the Dy13t subunit contained 624 codons (excluding the stop codons). The amino acid sequence deduced from the Dy13t gene ORF was the shortest among those of the previ-ously reported subunits derived by the D genome. A further comparison of Dy13t amino acid sequence with those of the subunits characterized from the A, B, D, R genomes of Triticeae showed that the smaller size of the Dy13t subunit was associated with a reduction in the size of its repetitive domain.展开更多
During past several years,the photovoltaic performances of organic solar cells(OSCs)have achieved rapid progress with power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)over 18%,demonstrating a great practical application prospect.Th...During past several years,the photovoltaic performances of organic solar cells(OSCs)have achieved rapid progress with power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)over 18%,demonstrating a great practical application prospect.The development of material science including conjugated polymer donors,oligomer-like organic molecule donors,fused and nonfused ring acceptors,polymer acceptors,single-component organic solar cells and water/alcohol soluble interface materials are the key research topics in OSC field.Herein,the recent progress of these aspects is systematically summarized.Meanwhile,the current problems and future development are also discussed.展开更多
Central nervous system(CNS)injuries,including stroke,traumatic brain injury,and spinal cord injury,are essential causes of death and long-term disability and are difficult to cure,mainly due to the limited neuron rege...Central nervous system(CNS)injuries,including stroke,traumatic brain injury,and spinal cord injury,are essential causes of death and long-term disability and are difficult to cure,mainly due to the limited neuron regeneration and the glial scar formation.Herein,we apply extracellular vesicles(EVs)secreted by M2 microglia to improve the differentiation of neural stem cells(NSCs)at the injured site,and simultaneously modify them with the injured vascular targeting peptide(DA7R)and the stem cell recruiting factor(SDF-1)on their surface via copper-free click chemistry to recruit NSCs,inducing their neuronal differentiation,and serving as the nanocarriers at the injured site(Dual-EV).Results prove that the Dual-EV could target human umbilical vascular endothelial cells(HUVECs),recruit NSCs,and promote the neuronal differentiation of NSCs in vitro.Furthermore,10 miRNAs are found to be upregulated in Dual-M2-EVs compared to Dual-M0-EVs via bioinformatic analysis,and further NSC differentiation experiment by flow cytometry reveals that among these miRNAs,miR30b-3p,miR-222-3p,miR-129-5p,and miR-155-5p may exert effect of inducing NSC to differentiate into neurons.In vivo experiments show that Dual-EV nanocarriers achieve improved accumulation in the ischemic area of stroke model mice,potentiate NSCs recruitment,and increase neurogenesis.This work provides new insights for the treatment of neuronal regeneration after CNS injuries as well as endogenous stem cells,and the click chemistry EV/peptide/chemokine and related nanocarriers for improving human health.展开更多
1 Introduction Organic solar cells(OSCs)belong to a multidisciplinary field composed of chemistry,materials science,physics,engineering,etc.For a better reviewing of this field,we briefly divide the research field of ...1 Introduction Organic solar cells(OSCs)belong to a multidisciplinary field composed of chemistry,materials science,physics,engineering,etc.For a better reviewing of this field,we briefly divide the research field of OSCs into two parts:material science and device engineering.In our previous review,the material science part of OSCs,including conjugated polymer donors and acceptors,small molecular donors and acceptors.展开更多
Dear Editor,Nanotechnology-based therapeutic strategies have been proven effective in diseases including cancer,infection,inflammation,etc.1 However,the application of nanotechnology is greatly restricted in the treat...Dear Editor,Nanotechnology-based therapeutic strategies have been proven effective in diseases including cancer,infection,inflammation,etc.1 However,the application of nanotechnology is greatly restricted in the treatment of central nervous system(CNS)disorders due to physiological CNS barriers.For example,the blood-brain barrier(BBB)can be the“Maginot line”for pharmacologically active molecules,blocking them out of the CNS.展开更多
For the design and optimization of functional peptides, unravelling the structures of individual building blocks as well as the properties of the ensemble is paramount. TI＇R1, derived from human transthyretin, is a f...For the design and optimization of functional peptides, unravelling the structures of individual building blocks as well as the properties of the ensemble is paramount. TI＇R1, derived from human transthyretin, is a fibril-forming peptide implicated in diseases such as familial amyloid polyneuropathy and senile systemic amyloidosis. The functional peptide TTR1-RGD, based on a TFR1 scaffold, was designed to specifically interact with cells. Here, we used scanning tunneling microscopy （STM） to analyze the assembly structures of TTRl-related peptides with both the reverse sequence and the modified forward sequence. The site- specific analyses show the following： i） The TIR1 peptide is involved in assembly, nearly covering the entire length within the ordered [3-sheet structures, ii） For TTR1-RGD peptide assemblies, the TTR1 motif forms the ordered [3-sheet while the RGDS motif adopts a flexible conformation allowing it to promote cell adhesion. The key site is clearly identified as the linker residue Gly13. iii） Close inspection of the forward and reverse peptide assemblies show that in spite of the difference in chemistry, they display similar assembling characteristics, illustrating the robust nature of these peptides, iv） Glycine linker residues are included in the ^-strands, which strongly suggests that the sequence could be optimized by adding more linker residues. These garnered insights into the assembled structures of these peptides help unravel the mechanism driving peptide assemblies and instruct the rational design and optimization of sequence- programmed peptide architectures.展开更多
Organic photovoltaic devices(OPVs)show promise as the next-generation clean-energy technology with diverse applications,due to their unique merits of low-cost production with solution processability,light-weight,ultra...Organic photovoltaic devices(OPVs)show promise as the next-generation clean-energy technology with diverse applications,due to their unique merits of low-cost production with solution processability,light-weight,ultra-flexibility,good visible transparency for solar windows,aesthetic with vivid color,etc.Since the discovery of photovoltaic effect by sandwiching the Anthracene with electrodes,the OPVs has drawn more and more attention.In the most recent years,comprehensive research on materials design,interface modification,morphology control,device structure design,etc.,leads to the rapid progress in OPV.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the "973" Key Basic Research and Development Program (Grant No. G1998010208) the special fund for biotechnology research from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Aegilops tauschii is the donor of the D genome of common wheat (Triticum aestivum). Genetic variation of HMW glutenin subunits encoded by the Glu-1Dt locus of Ae. tauschii has been found to be higher than that specified by the Glu-1D locus in common wheat. In the present note, we report the identification of a novel HMW glutenin subunit, Dy13t, from Ae. tauschii. The newly identified subunit pos-sessed an electrophoretic mobility that was faster than that of the Dy12 subunit of common wheat. The complete ORF of encoding the Dy13t subunit contained 624 codons (excluding the stop codons). The amino acid sequence deduced from the Dy13t gene ORF was the shortest among those of the previ-ously reported subunits derived by the D genome. A further comparison of Dy13t amino acid sequence with those of the subunits characterized from the A, B, D, R genomes of Triticeae showed that the smaller size of the Dy13t subunit was associated with a reduction in the size of its repetitive domain.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51933001,22109080,21734009,52173174)。
文摘During past several years,the photovoltaic performances of organic solar cells(OSCs)have achieved rapid progress with power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)over 18%,demonstrating a great practical application prospect.The development of material science including conjugated polymer donors,oligomer-like organic molecule donors,fused and nonfused ring acceptors,polymer acceptors,single-component organic solar cells and water/alcohol soluble interface materials are the key research topics in OSC field.Herein,the recent progress of these aspects is systematically summarized.Meanwhile,the current problems and future development are also discussed.
基金support from Harvard/MITsupport by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0112000)+5 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81930051,82003658,81801170)the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(ZH2018ZDA04,China)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission—Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support(20171906,China)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M661546)National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20200212,China)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ21H300009,China)。
文摘Central nervous system(CNS)injuries,including stroke,traumatic brain injury,and spinal cord injury,are essential causes of death and long-term disability and are difficult to cure,mainly due to the limited neuron regeneration and the glial scar formation.Herein,we apply extracellular vesicles(EVs)secreted by M2 microglia to improve the differentiation of neural stem cells(NSCs)at the injured site,and simultaneously modify them with the injured vascular targeting peptide(DA7R)and the stem cell recruiting factor(SDF-1)on their surface via copper-free click chemistry to recruit NSCs,inducing their neuronal differentiation,and serving as the nanocarriers at the injured site(Dual-EV).Results prove that the Dual-EV could target human umbilical vascular endothelial cells(HUVECs),recruit NSCs,and promote the neuronal differentiation of NSCs in vitro.Furthermore,10 miRNAs are found to be upregulated in Dual-M2-EVs compared to Dual-M0-EVs via bioinformatic analysis,and further NSC differentiation experiment by flow cytometry reveals that among these miRNAs,miR30b-3p,miR-222-3p,miR-129-5p,and miR-155-5p may exert effect of inducing NSC to differentiate into neurons.In vivo experiments show that Dual-EV nanocarriers achieve improved accumulation in the ischemic area of stroke model mice,potentiate NSCs recruitment,and increase neurogenesis.This work provides new insights for the treatment of neuronal regeneration after CNS injuries as well as endogenous stem cells,and the click chemistry EV/peptide/chemokine and related nanocarriers for improving human health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51933001,22109080,21734009,52173174)。
文摘1 Introduction Organic solar cells(OSCs)belong to a multidisciplinary field composed of chemistry,materials science,physics,engineering,etc.For a better reviewing of this field,we briefly divide the research field of OSCs into two parts:material science and device engineering.In our previous review,the material science part of OSCs,including conjugated polymer donors and acceptors,small molecular donors and acceptors.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0112000)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ21H300009)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81930051,82003658,82202785)GuangCi Professorship Program of Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.
文摘Dear Editor,Nanotechnology-based therapeutic strategies have been proven effective in diseases including cancer,infection,inflammation,etc.1 However,the application of nanotechnology is greatly restricted in the treatment of central nervous system(CNS)disorders due to physiological CNS barriers.For example,the blood-brain barrier(BBB)can be the“Maginot line”for pharmacologically active molecules,blocking them out of the CNS.
文摘For the design and optimization of functional peptides, unravelling the structures of individual building blocks as well as the properties of the ensemble is paramount. TI＇R1, derived from human transthyretin, is a fibril-forming peptide implicated in diseases such as familial amyloid polyneuropathy and senile systemic amyloidosis. The functional peptide TTR1-RGD, based on a TFR1 scaffold, was designed to specifically interact with cells. Here, we used scanning tunneling microscopy （STM） to analyze the assembly structures of TTRl-related peptides with both the reverse sequence and the modified forward sequence. The site- specific analyses show the following： i） The TIR1 peptide is involved in assembly, nearly covering the entire length within the ordered [3-sheet structures, ii） For TTR1-RGD peptide assemblies, the TTR1 motif forms the ordered [3-sheet while the RGDS motif adopts a flexible conformation allowing it to promote cell adhesion. The key site is clearly identified as the linker residue Gly13. iii） Close inspection of the forward and reverse peptide assemblies show that in spite of the difference in chemistry, they display similar assembling characteristics, illustrating the robust nature of these peptides, iv） Glycine linker residues are included in the ^-strands, which strongly suggests that the sequence could be optimized by adding more linker residues. These garnered insights into the assembled structures of these peptides help unravel the mechanism driving peptide assemblies and instruct the rational design and optimization of sequence- programmed peptide architectures.
文摘Organic photovoltaic devices(OPVs)show promise as the next-generation clean-energy technology with diverse applications,due to their unique merits of low-cost production with solution processability,light-weight,ultra-flexibility,good visible transparency for solar windows,aesthetic with vivid color,etc.Since the discovery of photovoltaic effect by sandwiching the Anthracene with electrodes,the OPVs has drawn more and more attention.In the most recent years,comprehensive research on materials design,interface modification,morphology control,device structure design,etc.,leads to the rapid progress in OPV.
