Advances in high-throughput sequencing(HTS)have fostered rapid developments in the field of microbiome research,and massive microbiome datasets are now being generated.However,the diversity of software tools and the c...Advances in high-throughput sequencing(HTS)have fostered rapid developments in the field of microbiome research,and massive microbiome datasets are now being generated.However,the diversity of software tools and the complexity of analysis pipelines make it difficult to access this field.Here,we systematically summarize the advantages and limitations of microbiome methods.Then,we recommend specific pipelines for amplicon and metagenomic analyses,and describe commonly-used software and databases,to help researchers select the appropriate tools.Furthermore,we introduce statistical and visualization methods suitable for microbiome analysis,including alpha-and betadiversity,taxonomic composition,difference comparisons,correlation,networks,machine learning,evolution,source tracing,and common visualization styles to help researchers make informed choices.Finally,a stepby-step reproducible analysis guide is introduced.We hope this review will allow researchers to carry out data analysis more effectively and to quickly select the appropriate tools in order to efficiently mine the biological significance behind the data.展开更多
Summary:Ranolazine,a late sodium current inhibitor,has been demonstrated to be effective on heart failure.18B-glycyrrhetinic acid(18β-GA)has the similar inhibitory effect on late sodium currents.However,its effect on...Summary:Ranolazine,a late sodium current inhibitor,has been demonstrated to be effective on heart failure.18B-glycyrrhetinic acid(18β-GA)has the similar inhibitory effect on late sodium currents.However,its effect on diastolic function is still unknown.This study aimed to determine whether 18β-GA can improve the diastolic function and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Eighty male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats of Langendorff model were randomly divided into the following groups:group A,normal cardiac perfusion group;group B,ischemia-reperfusion group;group C,ischemia-reperfusion with anemoniasulcata toxinⅡ(ATX-Ⅱ);group D,ranolazine group;and group E,18β-GA group with four different concentrations.Furthermore,a pressure-overloaded rat model induced by trans-aortic constriction(TAC)was established.Echocardiography and hemodynamics were used to evaluate diastolic function at 14th day after TAC.Changes of free intracellular calcium(Ca27)concentration was indirectly detected by laser scanning confocal microscope to confirm the inhibition of late sodium currents.With the intervention of ATX-Ⅱon ischemia reperfusion injury group,5 umol/L ranolazine,and 5,10,20,40μmol/L 18β-GA could improve ATX-I-induced cardiac diastolic dysfunction.630 mg/kg glycyrrhizin tablets could improve cardiac diastolic function in the pressure-overloaded rats.18B-GA and ranolazine had similar effects on reducing the free calcium in cardiomyocytes.The study demonstrates that 18B-GA and glycyrrhizin could improve diastolic dysfunction induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts and pressure-overloaded rats.The mechanism may be attributed to the inhibition of enhanced late sodium currents.展开更多
Friction stir welding(FSW)was used to prepare Q235 low-carbon steel joint,and the microstructure of different zones of the joint was characterized.The electrochemical corrosion behavior of different macroscopic zones ...Friction stir welding(FSW)was used to prepare Q235 low-carbon steel joint,and the microstructure of different zones of the joint was characterized.The electrochemical corrosion behavior of different macroscopic zones of the joint was evaluated in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution.The results showed that the retreated-side heat-affected zone(HAZRS)and the advanced-side heat-affected zone(HAZAS)did not undergo phase transformation during FSW,and their microstructures were similar to those of the base material(BM),which was mainly composed of blocky ferrite and pearlite.The retreated-side thermo-mechanical affected zone(TMAZRS),the stirring zone(SZ),and the advanced-side thermo-mechanical affected zone(TMAZAS)underwent phase transformation,and the microstructure was mainly composed of proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite.The order of the corrosion resistance of different micro-zones from high to low was:HAZRS>BM>HAZAS>TMAZRS>SZ>TMAZAS.The corrosion mechanism for BM,HAZRS,and HAZAS was mainly the dissolution of ferrite.By contrast,the corrosion mechanism for TMAZRS,SZ,and TMAZAS was mainly galvanic corrosion between proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite.展开更多
A fluorescent competitive assay for melamine was first developed utilizing dummy molecularly imprinted polymers（DMIPs） as artificial antibodies. This method is based on the competition between fluorescent substances...A fluorescent competitive assay for melamine was first developed utilizing dummy molecularly imprinted polymers（DMIPs） as artificial antibodies. This method is based on the competition between fluorescent substances and the unlabeled analyte for binding sites in synthesized DMIPs and the decreased binding of fluorescent substances to DMIPs due to increased concentrations of melamine in the solutions. DMIPs for melamine were synthesized under a hot water bath in the presence of the initiator azobisisobutyronitrile（AIBN） using 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine（DAMT） as a dummy template, methacrylic acid（MAA） as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate（EGDMA） as a crosslinking agent. The adsorption capacity and selectivity of DMIPs for melamine were evaluated by the isothermal adsorption curve and Scatchard analysis. The evaluation results showed that the synthesized DMIPs had specific recognition sites for melamine and the maximum adsorption amount was 1 066.33 μg g^（-1）. Later, 5-（4,6-d ichlorotriazinyl） amino fluorescein（DTAF） with a triazine ring, which s lightly resembles m elamine, w as selected as the fluorescent substance. The fluorescent competitive assay using DMIPs as t he antibody mimics was finally established by selecting and optimizing the reaction solvents, DMIPs amount, DTAF concentration, and incubation time. The optimal detection system showed a linear response w ithin range of 0.05-40 mg L^（-1） and the limit of detection（LOD） was 1.23 μg L^（-1）. It was successfully applied to the detection of melamine in spiked milk samples wi th satisfactory recoveries（71.9 to 86.3%）. According to the comparative analysis, the result of optimized fluorescent competitive assay re vealed excellent agreement with the HPLC-MS/MS result for melamine.展开更多
基金This work was supported by grants from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Precision Seed Design and Breeding,XDA24020104)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Science(grant nos.QYZDB-SSW-SMC021)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.31772400).
文摘Advances in high-throughput sequencing(HTS)have fostered rapid developments in the field of microbiome research,and massive microbiome datasets are now being generated.However,the diversity of software tools and the complexity of analysis pipelines make it difficult to access this field.Here,we systematically summarize the advantages and limitations of microbiome methods.Then,we recommend specific pipelines for amplicon and metagenomic analyses,and describe commonly-used software and databases,to help researchers select the appropriate tools.Furthermore,we introduce statistical and visualization methods suitable for microbiome analysis,including alpha-and betadiversity,taxonomic composition,difference comparisons,correlation,networks,machine learning,evolution,source tracing,and common visualization styles to help researchers make informed choices.Finally,a stepby-step reproducible analysis guide is introduced.We hope this review will allow researchers to carry out data analysis more effectively and to quickly select the appropriate tools in order to efficiently mine the biological significance behind the data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81271413)the Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2015HL047)+3 种基金the College Research Projects(No.J15LK10)of Shandong ProvinceChinathe Students’Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Weifang Medical UniversityChina(No.KX2016042)
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81600317 and No.81700345)the Open Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy(No.02.03.2014-10).
文摘Summary:Ranolazine,a late sodium current inhibitor,has been demonstrated to be effective on heart failure.18B-glycyrrhetinic acid(18β-GA)has the similar inhibitory effect on late sodium currents.However,its effect on diastolic function is still unknown.This study aimed to determine whether 18β-GA can improve the diastolic function and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Eighty male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats of Langendorff model were randomly divided into the following groups:group A,normal cardiac perfusion group;group B,ischemia-reperfusion group;group C,ischemia-reperfusion with anemoniasulcata toxinⅡ(ATX-Ⅱ);group D,ranolazine group;and group E,18β-GA group with four different concentrations.Furthermore,a pressure-overloaded rat model induced by trans-aortic constriction(TAC)was established.Echocardiography and hemodynamics were used to evaluate diastolic function at 14th day after TAC.Changes of free intracellular calcium(Ca27)concentration was indirectly detected by laser scanning confocal microscope to confirm the inhibition of late sodium currents.With the intervention of ATX-Ⅱon ischemia reperfusion injury group,5 umol/L ranolazine,and 5,10,20,40μmol/L 18β-GA could improve ATX-I-induced cardiac diastolic dysfunction.630 mg/kg glycyrrhizin tablets could improve cardiac diastolic function in the pressure-overloaded rats.18B-GA and ranolazine had similar effects on reducing the free calcium in cardiomyocytes.The study demonstrates that 18B-GA and glycyrrhizin could improve diastolic dysfunction induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts and pressure-overloaded rats.The mechanism may be attributed to the inhibition of enhanced late sodium currents.
基金from the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1760201 and 52034005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51974220 and 52104383)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(Nos.2020ZDLGY13-06 and 2017ZDXM-GY-037)the Innovation Capacity Support Project of Shaanxi Province-Nova Program(No.2020KJXX-077)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars in Universities of Shaanxi Province.
文摘Friction stir welding(FSW)was used to prepare Q235 low-carbon steel joint,and the microstructure of different zones of the joint was characterized.The electrochemical corrosion behavior of different macroscopic zones of the joint was evaluated in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution.The results showed that the retreated-side heat-affected zone(HAZRS)and the advanced-side heat-affected zone(HAZAS)did not undergo phase transformation during FSW,and their microstructures were similar to those of the base material(BM),which was mainly composed of blocky ferrite and pearlite.The retreated-side thermo-mechanical affected zone(TMAZRS),the stirring zone(SZ),and the advanced-side thermo-mechanical affected zone(TMAZAS)underwent phase transformation,and the microstructure was mainly composed of proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite.The order of the corrosion resistance of different micro-zones from high to low was:HAZRS>BM>HAZAS>TMAZRS>SZ>TMAZAS.The corrosion mechanism for BM,HAZRS,and HAZAS was mainly the dissolution of ferrite.By contrast,the corrosion mechanism for TMAZRS,SZ,and TMAZAS was mainly galvanic corrosion between proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31260620, 31471654)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201203094)
文摘A fluorescent competitive assay for melamine was first developed utilizing dummy molecularly imprinted polymers（DMIPs） as artificial antibodies. This method is based on the competition between fluorescent substances and the unlabeled analyte for binding sites in synthesized DMIPs and the decreased binding of fluorescent substances to DMIPs due to increased concentrations of melamine in the solutions. DMIPs for melamine were synthesized under a hot water bath in the presence of the initiator azobisisobutyronitrile（AIBN） using 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine（DAMT） as a dummy template, methacrylic acid（MAA） as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate（EGDMA） as a crosslinking agent. The adsorption capacity and selectivity of DMIPs for melamine were evaluated by the isothermal adsorption curve and Scatchard analysis. The evaluation results showed that the synthesized DMIPs had specific recognition sites for melamine and the maximum adsorption amount was 1 066.33 μg g^（-1）. Later, 5-（4,6-d ichlorotriazinyl） amino fluorescein（DTAF） with a triazine ring, which s lightly resembles m elamine, w as selected as the fluorescent substance. The fluorescent competitive assay using DMIPs as t he antibody mimics was finally established by selecting and optimizing the reaction solvents, DMIPs amount, DTAF concentration, and incubation time. The optimal detection system showed a linear response w ithin range of 0.05-40 mg L^（-1） and the limit of detection（LOD） was 1.23 μg L^（-1）. It was successfully applied to the detection of melamine in spiked milk samples wi th satisfactory recoveries（71.9 to 86.3%）. According to the comparative analysis, the result of optimized fluorescent competitive assay re vealed excellent agreement with the HPLC-MS/MS result for melamine.
