在稻麦两熟条件下,将2016-2017和2017-2018年江苏扬州参试的24个和江苏睢宁参试的23个小麦品种按氮肥表观利用率(NUR)划分为高效(NUR≥50%)、中效(NUR 40%~50%)和低效(NUR≤40%)品种类型,比较其产量、产量构成因素和群体质量指标的差异...在稻麦两熟条件下,将2016-2017和2017-2018年江苏扬州参试的24个和江苏睢宁参试的23个小麦品种按氮肥表观利用率(NUR)划分为高效(NUR≥50%)、中效(NUR 40%~50%)和低效(NUR≤40%)品种类型,比较其产量、产量构成因素和群体质量指标的差异,为稻茬小麦品种选用和大面积高产高效生产提供参考。结果表明,两年度在扬州均表现出高效的品种为扬麦25和宁麦21,在睢宁为淮麦35。扬州和睢宁氮高效品种产量分别高于6500 kg hm^-2和7000 kg hm^-2,均显著高于其他类型。与氮中效和氮低效品种相比,氮高效品种具有较高的穗数,穗粒数和千粒重品种类型间差异不显著。不同品种间产量和穗数与NUR均呈线性正相关。氮高效品种具有较高的孕穗期和开花期茎蘖数,分蘖成穗率,乳熟期叶面积指数,孕穗期、开花期和成熟期干物质积累量,花后干物质积累量和成熟期各营养器官干物质积累量。不同氮效率品种类型间花前干物质转运量和收获指数差异不显著。相关性分析表明,两地不同品种类型间孕穗期和开花期茎蘖数、乳熟期LAI、主要生育时期干物质积累量、花后和成熟期各营养器官干物质积累量均与氮肥表观利用率呈极显著线性正相关。表明稻茬小麦氮高效品种生育早期表现出较强分蘖能力,且生育后期具有较高叶面积指数和光合生产能力,可用于灌浆的花后同化物质较多。本研究初步提出成熟期干物质积累量16,000~20,000 kg hm^-2和花后干物质积量4100~6700 kg hm^-2可作为稻茬小麦高产高效品种的筛选指标。展开更多
Background P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1) gene is a kind of ATP-dependent drug transporter, which plays important roles in multidrug resistance (MDR) of human...Background P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1) gene is a kind of ATP-dependent drug transporter, which plays important roles in multidrug resistance (MDR) of human cancers, such as osteosarcoma. Curcumin is a natural phenolic coloring compound originating from the rhizomes of Curcuma Ionga, which is proved to possess antitumor biological activities including reversion of MDR. However, the effect and molecular mechanisms of curcumin to osteosarcoma MDR remain unclear.展开更多
为给半冬性小麦优质、高产、高效协同生产提供理论依据,在江苏睢宁连续3个小麦生长季,以22个半冬性品种为材料进行大田试验。根据籽粒产量和氮肥利用效率,通过系统聚类将品种分为高产高效(HH)、中产中效(MM)和低产低效(LL)3个类型,研究...为给半冬性小麦优质、高产、高效协同生产提供理论依据,在江苏睢宁连续3个小麦生长季,以22个半冬性品种为材料进行大田试验。根据籽粒产量和氮肥利用效率,通过系统聚类将品种分为高产高效(HH)、中产中效(MM)和低产低效(LL)3个类型,研究其产量构成、氮素吸收与利用和籽粒品质间差异。结果表明,3个年度HH籽粒产量和氮肥利用效率均显著高于MM和LL。HH实现高产是由于具有显著高的总结实粒数,即穗数和穗粒数的协同增加;实现高效得益于高的氮肥吸收效率和氮肥生理利用效率。HH高的氮肥吸收效率是由于花前氮素积累量的提高,有助于更多的氮素向籽粒转运,进而提升籽粒氮素积累量。分析指示,在一定范围内籽粒产量和总结实粒数可与单粒氮素积累量协同提升;当籽粒产量高于9.5 t hm^(-2)或总结实粒数高于2.2×10^(8)hm^(-2),单粒氮素积累有下降趋势。蛋白质、湿面筋含量和沉降值表现为HH类型均显著高于MM和LL。综上所述,高产高效型半冬性小麦品种具有高的总结实粒数、氮素吸收与转运量以及籽粒氮素积累的特征,且因单粒氮素积累量提升,改善了籽粒中蛋白相关品质。展开更多
DEAR EDITOR,The Chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)is a small mammal closely related to primates.It has a small body size,low maintenance cost,and a relatively short reproductive cycle,all of which has made...DEAR EDITOR,The Chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)is a small mammal closely related to primates.It has a small body size,low maintenance cost,and a relatively short reproductive cycle,all of which has made it the ideal model for the study of a variety of human diseases.In this study,we compared the anatomy of the skin of the Chinese tree shrew with that of the rhesus macaque,mouse and human,with the intention of providing the basic data required for the creation of skin disease models using this animal.Paraffin sections,hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)staining,masson staining and immunohistochemical techniques were used to examine the dorsal skin structure of the Chinese tree shrew.The epidermis was shown to be composed of 1–2 layers of cells.There were hair follicles,sebaceous glands and sweat glands in the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue,with apocrine glands being more common than eccrine glands.Both Keratin5(KRT5)and Keratin10(KRT10)were expressed in the skin of the Chinese tree shrew,with a localization in the cytoplasm.Overall,the skin morphology and histology of the Chinese tree shrew was basically the same as that of the human.We propose that the Chinese tree shrew has a strong potential to be used for creating animal models to help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying a variety of skin diseases.展开更多
Genetic improvement has promoted wheat’s grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)during the past decades.Therefore,the current wheat cultivars exhibit higher grain yield and NUE than previous cultivars in the Yan...Genetic improvement has promoted wheat’s grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)during the past decades.Therefore,the current wheat cultivars exhibit higher grain yield and NUE than previous cultivars in the Yangtze River Basin,China since the 2000s.However,the critical traits and mechanisms of the increased grain yield and NUE remain unknown.This study explores the mechanisms underlying these new cultivars’increased grain yield and NUE by studying 21 local cultivars cultivated for three growing seasons from 2016 to 2019.Significantly positive correlations were observed between grain yield and NUE in the three years.The cultivars were grouped into high(HH),medium(MM),and low(LL)grain yield and NUE groups.The HH group exhibited significantly high grain yield and NUE.High grain yield was attributed to more effective ears by high tiller fertility and greater single-spike yield by increasing post-anthesis single-stem biomass.Compared to other groups,the HH group demonstrated a longer leaf stay-green ability and a greater flag leaf photosynthetic rate after anthesis.It also showed higher N accumulation at pre-anthesis,which contributed to increasing N accumulation per stem,including stem and leaf sheath,leaf blade,and unit leaf area at pre-anthesis,and promoting N uptake efficiency,the main contribution of high NUE.Moreover,tiller fertility was positively related to N accumulation per stem,N accumulation per unit leaf area,leaf stay-green ability,and flag leaf photosynthetic rate,which indicates that improving tiller fertility promoted N uptake,leaf N accumulation,and photosynthetic ability,thereby achieving synchronous improvements in grain yield and NUE.Therefore,tiller fertility is proposed as an important kernel indicator that can be used in the breeding and management of cultivars to improve agricultural efficiency and sustainability.展开更多
为探究不同评价指标体系对泥石流易发性评估结果的影响,选取植被覆盖度、地层岩性、地表起伏度、地表粗糙度、沟壑密度、距断层距离和地震峰值加速度共7个评价因子组成对照组指标体系,通过坡体稳定性分析得到潜在失稳面积与小流域面积...为探究不同评价指标体系对泥石流易发性评估结果的影响,选取植被覆盖度、地层岩性、地表起伏度、地表粗糙度、沟壑密度、距断层距离和地震峰值加速度共7个评价因子组成对照组指标体系,通过坡体稳定性分析得到潜在失稳面积与小流域面积比评价指标,构建包括地表起伏度、地表粗糙度、沟壑密度、距断层距离、地震峰值加速度和潜在物源分布面积与小流域面积比的试验组指标体系,采用确定性系数模型,将安宁河流域划分为高、较高、中、较低、低5个泥石流易发性区。对比结果表明:试验组指标体系与对照组指标体系的泥石流易发性高易发区和较高易发区频率比值分别占总频率比值的88.17%和85.88%,表明两种评价指标体系均客观、有效地评价了安宁河流域的泥石流易发性。试验组指标体系的曲线下的面积(area under curve, AUC)达0.767,与对照组指标体系的AUC值相比提升了1.99%,表明泥石流易发性评价指标体系中加入坡体稳定性因子相较于仅考虑孕灾环境因子的泥石流易发性评价结果更好。研究结果为提高泥石流易发性评估结果提供了新思路。展开更多
AIM To investigate potential effects of poly I:C on mucosal injury and epithelial barrier disruption in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis. METHODS Thirty C57BL/6 mice were given either regular drinkin...AIM To investigate potential effects of poly I:C on mucosal injury and epithelial barrier disruption in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis. METHODS Thirty C57BL/6 mice were given either regular drinking water (control group) or 2% (w/v) DSS drinking water (model and poly I:C groups) ad libitum for 7 d. Poly I:C was administrated subcutaneously (20 mu g/mouse) 2 h prior to DSS induction in mice of the poly I:C group. Severity of colitis was evaluated by disease activity index, body weight, colon length, histology and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha), interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interferon-. (IFN-gamma). Intestinal permeability was analyzed by the fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled-dextran (FITC-D) method. Ultrastructural features of the colon tissue were observed under electron microscopy. Expressions of tight junction (TJ) proteins, including zo-1, occludin and claudin-1, were measured by immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence, Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS DSS caused significant damage to the colon tissue in the model group. Administration of poly I:C dramatically protected against DSS-induced colitis, as demonstrated by less body weight loss, lower disease activity index score, longer colon length, colonic MPO activity, and improved macroscopic and histological scores. It also ameliorated DSS-induced ultrastructural changes of the colon epithelium, as observed under scanning electron microscopy, as well as FITC-D permeability. The mRNA and protein expressions of TJ protein, zo-1, occludin and claudin-1 were also found to be significantly enhanced in the poly I:C group, as determined by immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence, Western blot and RT-qPCR. By contrast, poly I:C pretreatment markedly reversed the DSS-induced up-regulated expressions of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-17 and IFN-gamma. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that po展开更多
文摘在稻麦两熟条件下,将2016-2017和2017-2018年江苏扬州参试的24个和江苏睢宁参试的23个小麦品种按氮肥表观利用率(NUR)划分为高效(NUR≥50%)、中效(NUR 40%~50%)和低效(NUR≤40%)品种类型,比较其产量、产量构成因素和群体质量指标的差异,为稻茬小麦品种选用和大面积高产高效生产提供参考。结果表明,两年度在扬州均表现出高效的品种为扬麦25和宁麦21,在睢宁为淮麦35。扬州和睢宁氮高效品种产量分别高于6500 kg hm^-2和7000 kg hm^-2,均显著高于其他类型。与氮中效和氮低效品种相比,氮高效品种具有较高的穗数,穗粒数和千粒重品种类型间差异不显著。不同品种间产量和穗数与NUR均呈线性正相关。氮高效品种具有较高的孕穗期和开花期茎蘖数,分蘖成穗率,乳熟期叶面积指数,孕穗期、开花期和成熟期干物质积累量,花后干物质积累量和成熟期各营养器官干物质积累量。不同氮效率品种类型间花前干物质转运量和收获指数差异不显著。相关性分析表明,两地不同品种类型间孕穗期和开花期茎蘖数、乳熟期LAI、主要生育时期干物质积累量、花后和成熟期各营养器官干物质积累量均与氮肥表观利用率呈极显著线性正相关。表明稻茬小麦氮高效品种生育早期表现出较强分蘖能力,且生育后期具有较高叶面积指数和光合生产能力,可用于灌浆的花后同化物质较多。本研究初步提出成熟期干物质积累量16,000~20,000 kg hm^-2和花后干物质积量4100~6700 kg hm^-2可作为稻茬小麦高产高效品种的筛选指标。
文摘Background P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1) gene is a kind of ATP-dependent drug transporter, which plays important roles in multidrug resistance (MDR) of human cancers, such as osteosarcoma. Curcumin is a natural phenolic coloring compound originating from the rhizomes of Curcuma Ionga, which is proved to possess antitumor biological activities including reversion of MDR. However, the effect and molecular mechanisms of curcumin to osteosarcoma MDR remain unclear.
文摘为给半冬性小麦优质、高产、高效协同生产提供理论依据,在江苏睢宁连续3个小麦生长季,以22个半冬性品种为材料进行大田试验。根据籽粒产量和氮肥利用效率,通过系统聚类将品种分为高产高效(HH)、中产中效(MM)和低产低效(LL)3个类型,研究其产量构成、氮素吸收与利用和籽粒品质间差异。结果表明,3个年度HH籽粒产量和氮肥利用效率均显著高于MM和LL。HH实现高产是由于具有显著高的总结实粒数,即穗数和穗粒数的协同增加;实现高效得益于高的氮肥吸收效率和氮肥生理利用效率。HH高的氮肥吸收效率是由于花前氮素积累量的提高,有助于更多的氮素向籽粒转运,进而提升籽粒氮素积累量。分析指示,在一定范围内籽粒产量和总结实粒数可与单粒氮素积累量协同提升;当籽粒产量高于9.5 t hm^(-2)或总结实粒数高于2.2×10^(8)hm^(-2),单粒氮素积累有下降趋势。蛋白质、湿面筋含量和沉降值表现为HH类型均显著高于MM和LL。综上所述,高产高效型半冬性小麦品种具有高的总结实粒数、氮素吸收与转运量以及籽粒氮素积累的特征,且因单粒氮素积累量提升,改善了籽粒中蛋白相关品质。
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS zsys-02)CAS"Light of West China"Program(xbzg-zdsys-201909)。
文摘DEAR EDITOR,The Chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)is a small mammal closely related to primates.It has a small body size,low maintenance cost,and a relatively short reproductive cycle,all of which has made it the ideal model for the study of a variety of human diseases.In this study,we compared the anatomy of the skin of the Chinese tree shrew with that of the rhesus macaque,mouse and human,with the intention of providing the basic data required for the creation of skin disease models using this animal.Paraffin sections,hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)staining,masson staining and immunohistochemical techniques were used to examine the dorsal skin structure of the Chinese tree shrew.The epidermis was shown to be composed of 1–2 layers of cells.There were hair follicles,sebaceous glands and sweat glands in the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue,with apocrine glands being more common than eccrine glands.Both Keratin5(KRT5)and Keratin10(KRT10)were expressed in the skin of the Chinese tree shrew,with a localization in the cytoplasm.Overall,the skin morphology and histology of the Chinese tree shrew was basically the same as that of the human.We propose that the Chinese tree shrew has a strong potential to be used for creating animal models to help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying a variety of skin diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771711 and 32071953)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300405)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China,the Project of the Vice General Manager of Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province,China(FZ20211472)the Plan of Gathering 1000 Leading Talents of Suqian,China.
文摘Genetic improvement has promoted wheat’s grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)during the past decades.Therefore,the current wheat cultivars exhibit higher grain yield and NUE than previous cultivars in the Yangtze River Basin,China since the 2000s.However,the critical traits and mechanisms of the increased grain yield and NUE remain unknown.This study explores the mechanisms underlying these new cultivars’increased grain yield and NUE by studying 21 local cultivars cultivated for three growing seasons from 2016 to 2019.Significantly positive correlations were observed between grain yield and NUE in the three years.The cultivars were grouped into high(HH),medium(MM),and low(LL)grain yield and NUE groups.The HH group exhibited significantly high grain yield and NUE.High grain yield was attributed to more effective ears by high tiller fertility and greater single-spike yield by increasing post-anthesis single-stem biomass.Compared to other groups,the HH group demonstrated a longer leaf stay-green ability and a greater flag leaf photosynthetic rate after anthesis.It also showed higher N accumulation at pre-anthesis,which contributed to increasing N accumulation per stem,including stem and leaf sheath,leaf blade,and unit leaf area at pre-anthesis,and promoting N uptake efficiency,the main contribution of high NUE.Moreover,tiller fertility was positively related to N accumulation per stem,N accumulation per unit leaf area,leaf stay-green ability,and flag leaf photosynthetic rate,which indicates that improving tiller fertility promoted N uptake,leaf N accumulation,and photosynthetic ability,thereby achieving synchronous improvements in grain yield and NUE.Therefore,tiller fertility is proposed as an important kernel indicator that can be used in the breeding and management of cultivars to improve agricultural efficiency and sustainability.
文摘为探究不同评价指标体系对泥石流易发性评估结果的影响,选取植被覆盖度、地层岩性、地表起伏度、地表粗糙度、沟壑密度、距断层距离和地震峰值加速度共7个评价因子组成对照组指标体系,通过坡体稳定性分析得到潜在失稳面积与小流域面积比评价指标,构建包括地表起伏度、地表粗糙度、沟壑密度、距断层距离、地震峰值加速度和潜在物源分布面积与小流域面积比的试验组指标体系,采用确定性系数模型,将安宁河流域划分为高、较高、中、较低、低5个泥石流易发性区。对比结果表明:试验组指标体系与对照组指标体系的泥石流易发性高易发区和较高易发区频率比值分别占总频率比值的88.17%和85.88%,表明两种评价指标体系均客观、有效地评价了安宁河流域的泥石流易发性。试验组指标体系的曲线下的面积(area under curve, AUC)达0.767,与对照组指标体系的AUC值相比提升了1.99%,表明泥石流易发性评价指标体系中加入坡体稳定性因子相较于仅考虑孕灾环境因子的泥石流易发性评价结果更好。研究结果为提高泥石流易发性评估结果提供了新思路。
基金the Scientific Research Foundation of HealthDepartment of Hebei Province,No.20160483
文摘AIM To investigate potential effects of poly I:C on mucosal injury and epithelial barrier disruption in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis. METHODS Thirty C57BL/6 mice were given either regular drinking water (control group) or 2% (w/v) DSS drinking water (model and poly I:C groups) ad libitum for 7 d. Poly I:C was administrated subcutaneously (20 mu g/mouse) 2 h prior to DSS induction in mice of the poly I:C group. Severity of colitis was evaluated by disease activity index, body weight, colon length, histology and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha), interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interferon-. (IFN-gamma). Intestinal permeability was analyzed by the fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled-dextran (FITC-D) method. Ultrastructural features of the colon tissue were observed under electron microscopy. Expressions of tight junction (TJ) proteins, including zo-1, occludin and claudin-1, were measured by immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence, Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS DSS caused significant damage to the colon tissue in the model group. Administration of poly I:C dramatically protected against DSS-induced colitis, as demonstrated by less body weight loss, lower disease activity index score, longer colon length, colonic MPO activity, and improved macroscopic and histological scores. It also ameliorated DSS-induced ultrastructural changes of the colon epithelium, as observed under scanning electron microscopy, as well as FITC-D permeability. The mRNA and protein expressions of TJ protein, zo-1, occludin and claudin-1 were also found to be significantly enhanced in the poly I:C group, as determined by immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence, Western blot and RT-qPCR. By contrast, poly I:C pretreatment markedly reversed the DSS-induced up-regulated expressions of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-17 and IFN-gamma. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that po