In this study,the pitting corrosion behavior of 13Cr4Ni martensitic stainless steel(BASE)and that modified with rare earth(REM)in 0.1 mol/L Na Cl solution were characterized.Techniques such as automatic secondary elec...In this study,the pitting corrosion behavior of 13Cr4Ni martensitic stainless steel(BASE)and that modified with rare earth(REM)in 0.1 mol/L Na Cl solution were characterized.Techniques such as automatic secondary electron microscope(ASPEX PSEM detector),scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),scanning Kelvin probe force microscope(SKP),potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarizations were employed.The results obtained indicate that BASE steel contains Al_(2)O_(3)/Mn S,Al_(2)O_(3) and Mn S inclusions,while REM steels contain(La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O and(La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O-S inclusions.Compared with BASE steel,REM steel is more susceptible to induce the metastable pitting nucleation and repassivation,whereas it restrains the transition from metastable pitting to stable pitting.Adding 0.021%rare earth element to BASE steel can reduce the number and area of inclusions,while that of 0.058%can increase the number and enlarged the size of inclusions,which is also the reason that pitting corrosion resistance of 58 REM steel is slightly lower than that of 21 REM steel.In the process of pitting corrosion induced by Al_(2)O_(3)/Mn S inclusions,Mn S is preferentially anodic dissolved,and also the matrix contacted with Al_(2)O_(3) is subsequently anodic dissolved.For REM steels,anodic dissolution preferentially occurs at the boundary between inclusions and matrix,while(La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O inclusions chemically dissolve in local acidic environment or are separated from steel matrix.The chemically dissolved substance(La^(3+) and Ce^(3+))of(La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O inclusions are concentrated in pitting pits,which inhibits its continuous growth.展开更多
Despite the advances of aqueous zinc(Zn)batteries as sustainable energy storage systems,their practical application remains challenging due to the issues of spontaneous corrosion and dendritic deposits at the Zn metal...Despite the advances of aqueous zinc(Zn)batteries as sustainable energy storage systems,their practical application remains challenging due to the issues of spontaneous corrosion and dendritic deposits at the Zn metal anode.In this work,conformal growth of zinc hydroxide sulfate(ZHS)with dominating(001)facet was realized on(002)plane-dominated Zn metal foil fabricated through a facile thermal annealing process.The ZHS possessed high Zn^(2+)conductivity(16.9 mS cm^(-1))and low electronic conductivity(1.28×10^(4)Ωcm),and acted as a heterogeneous and robust solid electrolyte interface(SEI)layer on metallic Zn electrode,which regulated the electrochemical Zn plating behavior and suppressed side reactions simultaneously.Moreover,low self-diffusion barrier along the(002)plane promoted the 2D diffusion and horizontal electrochemical plating of metallic Zn for(002)-textured Zn electrode.Consequently,the as-achieved Zn electrode exhibited remarkable cycling stability over 7000 cycles at 2 mA cm^(-2)and 0.5 mAh cm^(-2)with a low overpotential of 25 mV in symmetric cells.Pairing with a MnO_(2)cathode,the as-achieved Zn electrode achieved stable cell cycling with 92.7%capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 10 C with a remarkable average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%.展开更多
Autoencoder-based rating prediction methods with external attributes have received wide attention due to their ability to accurately capture users'preferences.However,existing methods still have two significant li...Autoencoder-based rating prediction methods with external attributes have received wide attention due to their ability to accurately capture users'preferences.However,existing methods still have two significant limitations:i)External attributes are often unavailable in the real world due to privacy issues,leading to low quality of representations;and ii)existing methods lack considering complex associations in users'rating behaviors during the encoding process.To meet these challenges,this paper innovatively proposes an inherent-attribute-aware dual-graph autoencoder,named IADGAE,for rating prediction.To address the low quality of representations due to the unavailability of external attributes,we propose an inherent attribute perception module that mines inductive user active patterns and item popularity patterns from users'rating behaviors to strengthen user and item representations.To exploit the complex associations hidden in users’rating behaviors,we design an encoder on the item-item co-occurrence graph to capture the co-occurrence frequency features among items.Moreover,we propose a dual-graph feature encoder framework to simultaneously encode and fuse the high-order representations learned from the user-item rating graph and item-item co-occurrence graph.Extensive experiments on three real datasets demonstrate that IADGAE is effective and outperforms existing rating prediction methods,which achieves a significant improvement of 4.51%~41.63%in the RMSE metric.展开更多
High entropy alloys(HEAs) have presented potential applications in nuclear power plants owing to their novel atomic structure based high irradiation resistance. However, understanding of He-ion irradiation of HEAs is ...High entropy alloys(HEAs) have presented potential applications in nuclear power plants owing to their novel atomic structure based high irradiation resistance. However, understanding of He-ion irradiation of HEAs is still lacking. In this work, we reveal He-ion irradiation resistance of HEA CrMnFeCoNi by comparison study with a pure Ni and a 304 stainless steel(304SS). It is found that the damage structure in the three materials can be characterized with He bubbles and stacking faults/stacking fault tetrahedrons((SFs/SFTs), which show a similar depth distribution after He-ion irradiation at both RT and 450℃.Although the He bubbles have a similar size about 2nm after irradiation at RT, the He bubble sizes of the HEA, 304SS, and Ni increase to 4.0±0.9,5.3±1.0 and 6.7 ±1.0 nm after irradiation at 450℃, respectively. Moreover, the density of SFs/SFTs displays in an order of Ni < 304 SS < HEA at both RT and 450℃.The He-ion irradiation at RT causes significant hardness enhancement for the three materials, however,compared to RT, after irradiation at 450℃, the Ni presents softening, while the 304SS, especially the HEA,shows further hardening. Thus, the HEA CrMnFeCoNi possesses the smallest He bubble size, the densest SFs/SFTs, and the highest hardening, indicating the best structural stability, as well as the best He-ion irradiation resistance, which can be attributed to its low mobility of He atoms and point defects.展开更多
Increasing evidence suggests that white matter disorders based on myelin sheath impairment may underlie the neuropathological changes in schizophrenia.But it is unknown whether enhancing remyelination is a beneficial ...Increasing evidence suggests that white matter disorders based on myelin sheath impairment may underlie the neuropathological changes in schizophrenia.But it is unknown whether enhancing remyelination is a beneficial approach to schizophrenia.To investigate this hypothesis,we used clemastine,an FDA-approved drug with high potency in promoting oligodendroglial differentiation and myelination,on a cuprizone-induced mouse model of demyelination.The mice exposed to cuprizone（0.2%in chow） for 6 weeks displayed schizophrenia-like behavioral changes,including decreased exploration of the center in the open field test and increased entries into the arms of the Y-maze,as well as evident demyelination in the cortex and corpus callosum.Clemastine treatment was initiated upon cuprizone withdrawal at 10 mg/kg per day for3 weeks.As expected,myelin repair was greatly enhanced in the demyelinated regions with increased mature oligodendrocytes（APC-positive） and myelin basic protein.More importantly,the clemastine treatment rescued the schizophrenia-like behavioral changes in the open field test and the Y-maze compared to vehicle,suggesting a beneficial effect via promoting myelin repair.Our findings indicate that enhancing remyelination may be a potential therapy for schizophrenia.展开更多
Particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithms have been successfully used for various complex optimization problems.However,balancing the diversity and convergence is still a problem that requires continuous research.The...Particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithms have been successfully used for various complex optimization problems.However,balancing the diversity and convergence is still a problem that requires continuous research.Therefore,an evolutionary experience-driven particle swarm optimization with dynamic searching(EEDSPSO)is proposed in this paper.For purpose of extracting the effective information during population evolution,an adaptive framework of evolutionary experience is presented.And based on this framework,an experience-based neighborhood topology adjustment(ENT)is used to control the size of the neighborhood range,thereby effectively keeping the diversity of population.Meanwhile,experience-based elite archive mechanism(EEA)adjusts the weights of elite particles in the late evolutionary stage,thus enhancing the convergence of the algorithm.In addition,a Gaussian crisscross learning strategy(GCL)adopts cross-learning method to further balance the diversity and convergence.Finally,extensive experiments use the CEC2013 and CEC2017.The experiment results show that EEDSPSO outperforms current excellent PSO variants.展开更多
Nano 3C-SiC@multilayer graphene oxide(NS@MGO)heterostructure was in situ prepared by carbothermal reduction of pyrolyzed precursor composed of highly dispersed cured phenolic resin and silicon dioxide derived from tet...Nano 3C-SiC@multilayer graphene oxide(NS@MGO)heterostructure was in situ prepared by carbothermal reduction of pyrolyzed precursor composed of highly dispersed cured phenolic resin and silicon dioxide derived from tetraethyl orthosilicate.The heterojunction interface,number of layers of MGO,and defect content in graphene are the three most important factors for promoting photocatalytic activity.Direct contact between 3C-SiC nanograins and MGO layers facilitates the photogenerated electrons to migrate across the heterojunction interface and avoid the formation of SiO_(2) nanolayers on the surface of SiC nanograins.The number of MGO layers is supposed to be less than ten instead of over-thick MGO.The concentrations of oxygenated components,considered the defect contents,decrease with the increase of sintering temperature for NS@MGO 0.175-T-150,and relative carbon content in the multilayer graphene increases.According to the heterostructures,properties,and photocatalytic reaction performance of the NS@MGO materials,the highest photocatalytic kinetic rate constant of 0.00891/min for NS@MGO 0.175-1500-150 shows that the significant enhancement in photocatalytic degradation activity under visible light(>420 nm)irradiation is ascribed to the advantageous synergistic effects between the nano 3C-SiC particles and the direct contact multilayer graphene oxide with appropriate layers and sufficient oxygen content of 3.51%(atomic fraction)in MGO.展开更多
Recently,the eutectic high-entropy alloy(EHEA),AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1),can reach a good balance of strength and ductility.The dual-phase alloy exhibits a eutectic lamellar microstructure with large numbers of interfaces.Howe...Recently,the eutectic high-entropy alloy(EHEA),AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1),can reach a good balance of strength and ductility.The dual-phase alloy exhibits a eutectic lamellar microstructure with large numbers of interfaces.However,the role of the interfaces in plastic deformation have not been revealed deeply.In the present work,the orientation relationship(OR)of the interfaces has been clarified as the Kurdjumov-Sachs(KS)interfaces presenting〈111〉_(B2) 〈110〉_(FCC)and {110} _(B2){111}_(FCC) independent of their morphologies.There exist three kinds of interfaces in the EHEA,namely,The dominating interface and the secondary interface are both non-slip planes and atomistic-scale faceted,facilitating the nucleation and slip transmission of the dislocations.The formation mechanism of the preferred interfaces is revealed using the atomistic geometrical analysis according to the criteria of the low interfacial energy based on the coincidence-site lattice(CSL)theory.In particular,the ductility of the dual-phase alloy originates from the KS interface-induced slip continuity across interfaces,which provides a high slip-transfer geometric factor.Moreover,the strengthening effect can be attributed to the interface resistance for the dislocation transmission due to the mismatches of the moduli and lattice parameters at the interfaces.展开更多
This paper presents experimental measurements of the flow field in a Low-speed Turbine Cascade using a stereoscopic particle-image velocimetry(SPIV). During the measurements, a pair of frame-straddling-based CCD camer...This paper presents experimental measurements of the flow field in a Low-speed Turbine Cascade using a stereoscopic particle-image velocimetry(SPIV). During the measurements, a pair of frame-straddling-based CCD cameras were configured at different sides of the laser light sheet, and appropriate tracing particles(DEHS) were employed. The measurements were conducted at the incidence angle of 0 degree and exit Reynolds number of 1.7 × 105 with the tip clearance 1.18% of blade chord. The tip flow features, such as the evolution and breakdown of tip leakage vortex, the horseshoe vortex, turbulence characteristics of tip leakage flow, were studied for the flow field analysis. The results showed that the tip leakage flow/vortex mainly dominate flow fields in the tip region. The tip leakage vortex performs as a concentrated vortex before its breaking down and splitting into small vortices. The highest turbulence intensity mainly occurs in the tip region along with the trajectory of tip leakage vortex, and when the vortex breaks down, the turbulence intensity reduces rapidly. Additionally, the SPIV with this configuration also shows an advantage in investigating the flow structures and mechanism inside the turbine cascade.展开更多
Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB), caused by Bipolarismaydis, is one of the most devastatingdiseases affecting maize production. However,only one SLCB resistance gene, conferring partialresistance, is currently known, ...Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB), caused by Bipolarismaydis, is one of the most devastatingdiseases affecting maize production. However,only one SLCB resistance gene, conferring partialresistance, is currently known, underscoring theimportance of isolating new SCLB resistancerelatedgenes. Here, we performed a comparativeproteomic analysis and identified 258 proteinsshowing differential abundance during the maizeresponse to B. maydis. These proteins included anascorbate peroxidase (Zea mays ascorbate peroxidase1 (ZmAPX1)) encoded by a gene locatedwithin the mapping interval of a previously identifiedquantitative trait locus associated with SCLBresistance. ZmAPX1 overexpression resulted inlower H_(2)O_(2) accumulation and enhanced resistanceagainst B. maydis. Jasmonic acid (JA)contents and transcript levels for JA biosynthesisand responsive genes increased in ZmAPX1-overexpressing plants infected with B. maydis,whereas Zmapx1 mutants showed the oppositeeffects. We further determined that low levels of H_(2)O_(2) are accompanied by an accumulation of JAthat enhances SCLB resistance. These resultsdemonstrate that ZmAPX1 positively regulatesSCLB resistance by decreasing H_(2)O_(2) accumulationand activating the JA-mediated defensesignaling pathway. This study identified ZmAPX1as a potentially useful gene for increasing SCLBresistance. Furthermore, the generated datamay be relevant for clarifying the functions ofplant APXs.展开更多
Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes poses serious threats to public health.Fast and sensitive detection of the pathogen at the point of contamination is thus crucial to halt the spread of bacteria-related diseases.Herein...Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes poses serious threats to public health.Fast and sensitive detection of the pathogen at the point of contamination is thus crucial to halt the spread of bacteria-related diseases.Herein,we report for the first time a fluorescent film sensor to detect the biomarker of L.monocytogenes,3-hydroxy-2-butanone.The sensor demonstrated unprecedented sensing performance for the analyte with a detection limit lower than 0.05 mg/m^(3),response time less than 1 s,full reversibility,and excellent selectivity.Further study showed that the sensor can be used to monitor the growth of L.monocytogenes with much-improved sensitivity.The superior performance of the sensor is ascribed to the specific binding,efficient charge transfer emission,and porous adlayer structure of the specially designed sensing fluorophore-based film.Our work paves the way to develop a portable detector to meet the needs for on-site and real-time detection of foodborne pathogens.展开更多
Concrete is widely used in various large construction projects owing to its high durability,compressive strength,and plasticity.However,the tensile strength of concrete is low,and concrete cracks easily.Changes in the...Concrete is widely used in various large construction projects owing to its high durability,compressive strength,and plasticity.However,the tensile strength of concrete is low,and concrete cracks easily.Changes in the concrete structure will result in changes in parameters such as the frequency mode and curvature mode,which allows one to effectively locate and evaluate structural damages.In this study,the characteristics of the curvature modes in concrete structures are analyzed and a method to obtain the curvature modes based on the strain and displacement modes is proposed.Subsequently,various indices for the damage diagnosis of concrete structures based on the curvature mode are introduced.A damage assessment method for concrete structures is established using an artificial bee colony backpropagation neural network algorithm.The proposed damage assessment method for dam concrete structures comprises various modal parameters,such as curvature and frequency.The feasibility and accuracy of the model are evaluated based on a case study of a concrete gravity dam.The results show that the damage assessment model can accurately evaluate the damage degree of concrete structures with a maximum error of less than 2%,which is within the required accuracy range of damage identification and assessment for most concrete structures.展开更多
Background and Aims:The aim was to establish a liver venous deprivation(LVD)model in rats,compare hepatic hypertrophy between LVD and associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS),a...Background and Aims:The aim was to establish a liver venous deprivation(LVD)model in rats,compare hepatic hypertrophy between LVD and associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS),and explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods:The LVD or extended-LVD(e-LVD)group received portal vein ligation(PVL)combined with hepatic vein ligation(HVL).The ALPPS or eALPPS group received PVL plus parenchyma ligation.Liver regeneration was assessed by measuring the liver weight and performing pathological analysis.Liver functions and the sphingosine kinase 1(SPHK1)/sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1(S1PR1)pathway were also investigated.Results:All future liver remnants(FLRs)in the ALPPS,e-ALPPS,LVD,and e-LVD groups exhibited significant hypertrophy compared with the control group.The LVD and e-LVD procedures induced similar liver hypertrophy than that in the corresponding ALPPS groups.Furthermore,the LVD and e-LVD methods led to obvious cytolysis in the venous-deprived lobes as well as a noticeable increase in serum transaminase levels,while no necrosis was observed in the ALPPS and e-ALPPS groups.SPHK1/S1P/S1PR1 pathway were distinctly activated after operation,especially in congestive/ischemic livers.Conclusions:We describe the first rat model of LVD and e-LVD with simultaneously associated HVL and PVL.Compared with the ALPPS technique,the LVD or e-LVD procedure had a comparable overall effect on the hypertrophy response and a stronger effect on liver function.The SPHK1/S1P/S1PR1 pathway was involved in the LVD-or ALPPS-induced liver remodeling.展开更多
Vacuum ultraviolet(VUV) photolysis is recognized as an environmental-friendly treatment process. Nitrate(NO-3) and natural organic matter(NOM) are widely present in water source.We investigated trichloronitromethane(T...Vacuum ultraviolet(VUV) photolysis is recognized as an environmental-friendly treatment process. Nitrate(NO-3) and natural organic matter(NOM) are widely present in water source.We investigated trichloronitromethane(TCNM) formation during chlorination after VUV photolysis, because TCNM is an unregulated highly toxic disinfection byproduct. In this study:(1) we found reactive nitrogen species that is generated under VUV photolysis of NO-3react with organic matter to form nitrogen-containing compounds and subsequently form TCNM during chlorination;(2) we found the mere presence of 0.1 mmol/L NO-3can result in the formation of up to 63.96 μg/L TCNM;(3) we found the changes in pH(6.0-8.0), chloride(1-4 mmol/L), and bicarbonate(1-4 mmol/L) cannot effectively diminish TCNM formation;and,(4) we established the quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR) model,which indicated a linear relationship between TCNM formation and the Hammett constant(σ) of model compounds;and,(5) we characterized TCNM precursors in water matrix after VUV photolysis and found 1161 much more nitrogen-containing compounds with higher aromaticity were generated. Overall, this study indicates more attention should be paid to reducing the formation risk of TCNM when applying VUV photolysis process at scale.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51801219)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2019193)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Project of China Three Gorges Corporation(No.JD-YJ-05006)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB0702302)。
文摘In this study,the pitting corrosion behavior of 13Cr4Ni martensitic stainless steel(BASE)and that modified with rare earth(REM)in 0.1 mol/L Na Cl solution were characterized.Techniques such as automatic secondary electron microscope(ASPEX PSEM detector),scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),scanning Kelvin probe force microscope(SKP),potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarizations were employed.The results obtained indicate that BASE steel contains Al_(2)O_(3)/Mn S,Al_(2)O_(3) and Mn S inclusions,while REM steels contain(La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O and(La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O-S inclusions.Compared with BASE steel,REM steel is more susceptible to induce the metastable pitting nucleation and repassivation,whereas it restrains the transition from metastable pitting to stable pitting.Adding 0.021%rare earth element to BASE steel can reduce the number and area of inclusions,while that of 0.058%can increase the number and enlarged the size of inclusions,which is also the reason that pitting corrosion resistance of 58 REM steel is slightly lower than that of 21 REM steel.In the process of pitting corrosion induced by Al_(2)O_(3)/Mn S inclusions,Mn S is preferentially anodic dissolved,and also the matrix contacted with Al_(2)O_(3) is subsequently anodic dissolved.For REM steels,anodic dissolution preferentially occurs at the boundary between inclusions and matrix,while(La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O inclusions chemically dissolve in local acidic environment or are separated from steel matrix.The chemically dissolved substance(La^(3+) and Ce^(3+))of(La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O inclusions are concentrated in pitting pits,which inhibits its continuous growth.
基金financial support by the Innovation Fund of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics of Huazhong University of Science and Technologythe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M640694 and 2020T130223)+1 种基金support of the Singapore National Research Foundation (NRF-NRFF2017-04)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (Central Research Fund Award)
文摘Despite the advances of aqueous zinc(Zn)batteries as sustainable energy storage systems,their practical application remains challenging due to the issues of spontaneous corrosion and dendritic deposits at the Zn metal anode.In this work,conformal growth of zinc hydroxide sulfate(ZHS)with dominating(001)facet was realized on(002)plane-dominated Zn metal foil fabricated through a facile thermal annealing process.The ZHS possessed high Zn^(2+)conductivity(16.9 mS cm^(-1))and low electronic conductivity(1.28×10^(4)Ωcm),and acted as a heterogeneous and robust solid electrolyte interface(SEI)layer on metallic Zn electrode,which regulated the electrochemical Zn plating behavior and suppressed side reactions simultaneously.Moreover,low self-diffusion barrier along the(002)plane promoted the 2D diffusion and horizontal electrochemical plating of metallic Zn for(002)-textured Zn electrode.Consequently,the as-achieved Zn electrode exhibited remarkable cycling stability over 7000 cycles at 2 mA cm^(-2)and 0.5 mAh cm^(-2)with a low overpotential of 25 mV in symmetric cells.Pairing with a MnO_(2)cathode,the as-achieved Zn electrode achieved stable cell cycling with 92.7%capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 10 C with a remarkable average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21B2015,61972300)in part by Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62202356)+1 种基金in part by Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi(20220113)in part by Intelligent Financial Software Engineering New Technology Joint Laboratory Project(99901220858)。
文摘Autoencoder-based rating prediction methods with external attributes have received wide attention due to their ability to accurately capture users'preferences.However,existing methods still have two significant limitations:i)External attributes are often unavailable in the real world due to privacy issues,leading to low quality of representations;and ii)existing methods lack considering complex associations in users'rating behaviors during the encoding process.To meet these challenges,this paper innovatively proposes an inherent-attribute-aware dual-graph autoencoder,named IADGAE,for rating prediction.To address the low quality of representations due to the unavailability of external attributes,we propose an inherent attribute perception module that mines inductive user active patterns and item popularity patterns from users'rating behaviors to strengthen user and item representations.To exploit the complex associations hidden in users’rating behaviors,we design an encoder on the item-item co-occurrence graph to capture the co-occurrence frequency features among items.Moreover,we propose a dual-graph feature encoder framework to simultaneously encode and fuse the high-order representations learned from the user-item rating graph and item-item co-occurrence graph.Extensive experiments on three real datasets demonstrate that IADGAE is effective and outperforms existing rating prediction methods,which achieves a significant improvement of 4.51%~41.63%in the RMSE metric.
基金supported financially by the "Hundred Talents Project" of Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe "Thousand Youth Talents Plan" of China+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51401208 and 51771201)the Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (No. 2017RP17)
文摘High entropy alloys(HEAs) have presented potential applications in nuclear power plants owing to their novel atomic structure based high irradiation resistance. However, understanding of He-ion irradiation of HEAs is still lacking. In this work, we reveal He-ion irradiation resistance of HEA CrMnFeCoNi by comparison study with a pure Ni and a 304 stainless steel(304SS). It is found that the damage structure in the three materials can be characterized with He bubbles and stacking faults/stacking fault tetrahedrons((SFs/SFTs), which show a similar depth distribution after He-ion irradiation at both RT and 450℃.Although the He bubbles have a similar size about 2nm after irradiation at RT, the He bubble sizes of the HEA, 304SS, and Ni increase to 4.0±0.9,5.3±1.0 and 6.7 ±1.0 nm after irradiation at 450℃, respectively. Moreover, the density of SFs/SFTs displays in an order of Ni < 304 SS < HEA at both RT and 450℃.The He-ion irradiation at RT causes significant hardness enhancement for the three materials, however,compared to RT, after irradiation at 450℃, the Ni presents softening, while the 304SS, especially the HEA,shows further hardening. Thus, the HEA CrMnFeCoNi possesses the smallest He bubble size, the densest SFs/SFTs, and the highest hardening, indicating the best structural stability, as well as the best He-ion irradiation resistance, which can be attributed to its low mobility of He atoms and point defects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 81100897 and 81100926 )the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality, China (cstc2011jj A0856)
文摘Increasing evidence suggests that white matter disorders based on myelin sheath impairment may underlie the neuropathological changes in schizophrenia.But it is unknown whether enhancing remyelination is a beneficial approach to schizophrenia.To investigate this hypothesis,we used clemastine,an FDA-approved drug with high potency in promoting oligodendroglial differentiation and myelination,on a cuprizone-induced mouse model of demyelination.The mice exposed to cuprizone（0.2%in chow） for 6 weeks displayed schizophrenia-like behavioral changes,including decreased exploration of the center in the open field test and increased entries into the arms of the Y-maze,as well as evident demyelination in the cortex and corpus callosum.Clemastine treatment was initiated upon cuprizone withdrawal at 10 mg/kg per day for3 weeks.As expected,myelin repair was greatly enhanced in the demyelinated regions with increased mature oligodendrocytes（APC-positive） and myelin basic protein.More importantly,the clemastine treatment rescued the schizophrenia-like behavioral changes in the open field test and the Y-maze compared to vehicle,suggesting a beneficial effect via promoting myelin repair.Our findings indicate that enhancing remyelination may be a potential therapy for schizophrenia.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62066019)Jiangxi Provincial Education Department Project(No.GJJ200819)Doctoral Startup Foundation of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology(No.205200100022).
文摘Particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithms have been successfully used for various complex optimization problems.However,balancing the diversity and convergence is still a problem that requires continuous research.Therefore,an evolutionary experience-driven particle swarm optimization with dynamic searching(EEDSPSO)is proposed in this paper.For purpose of extracting the effective information during population evolution,an adaptive framework of evolutionary experience is presented.And based on this framework,an experience-based neighborhood topology adjustment(ENT)is used to control the size of the neighborhood range,thereby effectively keeping the diversity of population.Meanwhile,experience-based elite archive mechanism(EEA)adjusts the weights of elite particles in the late evolutionary stage,thus enhancing the convergence of the algorithm.In addition,a Gaussian crisscross learning strategy(GCL)adopts cross-learning method to further balance the diversity and convergence.Finally,extensive experiments use the CEC2013 and CEC2017.The experiment results show that EEDSPSO outperforms current excellent PSO variants.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB3801301)the Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science(SYNL,China)Program for Youth Talent(No.L2022F39).
文摘Nano 3C-SiC@multilayer graphene oxide(NS@MGO)heterostructure was in situ prepared by carbothermal reduction of pyrolyzed precursor composed of highly dispersed cured phenolic resin and silicon dioxide derived from tetraethyl orthosilicate.The heterojunction interface,number of layers of MGO,and defect content in graphene are the three most important factors for promoting photocatalytic activity.Direct contact between 3C-SiC nanograins and MGO layers facilitates the photogenerated electrons to migrate across the heterojunction interface and avoid the formation of SiO_(2) nanolayers on the surface of SiC nanograins.The number of MGO layers is supposed to be less than ten instead of over-thick MGO.The concentrations of oxygenated components,considered the defect contents,decrease with the increase of sintering temperature for NS@MGO 0.175-T-150,and relative carbon content in the multilayer graphene increases.According to the heterostructures,properties,and photocatalytic reaction performance of the NS@MGO materials,the highest photocatalytic kinetic rate constant of 0.00891/min for NS@MGO 0.175-1500-150 shows that the significant enhancement in photocatalytic degradation activity under visible light(>420 nm)irradiation is ascribed to the advantageous synergistic effects between the nano 3C-SiC particles and the direct contact multilayer graphene oxide with appropriate layers and sufficient oxygen content of 3.51%(atomic fraction)in MGO.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51771201 and No.51822402)the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province+4 种基金China(No.20180510059)the Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science(No.2017RP17)the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in Northwestern Polytechnical University(No.SKLSP201902)support of the U.S.Army Research Office Project(W911NF-13-1-0438 and W911NF-19-2-0049)with the program managers,Drs.M.P.Bakas,S.N.Mathaudhu,D.M.Steppsupport from the National Science Foundation(DMR-1611180 and DMR-1809640)with the program directors,Drs.J.Yang,G.Shiflet,D.Farkas。
文摘Recently,the eutectic high-entropy alloy(EHEA),AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1),can reach a good balance of strength and ductility.The dual-phase alloy exhibits a eutectic lamellar microstructure with large numbers of interfaces.However,the role of the interfaces in plastic deformation have not been revealed deeply.In the present work,the orientation relationship(OR)of the interfaces has been clarified as the Kurdjumov-Sachs(KS)interfaces presenting〈111〉_(B2) 〈110〉_(FCC)and {110} _(B2){111}_(FCC) independent of their morphologies.There exist three kinds of interfaces in the EHEA,namely,The dominating interface and the secondary interface are both non-slip planes and atomistic-scale faceted,facilitating the nucleation and slip transmission of the dislocations.The formation mechanism of the preferred interfaces is revealed using the atomistic geometrical analysis according to the criteria of the low interfacial energy based on the coincidence-site lattice(CSL)theory.In particular,the ductility of the dual-phase alloy originates from the KS interface-induced slip continuity across interfaces,which provides a high slip-transfer geometric factor.Moreover,the strengthening effect can be attributed to the interface resistance for the dislocation transmission due to the mismatches of the moduli and lattice parameters at the interfaces.
基金supported by Science and Technology Foundation of State Key Laboratory(Grant No.9140C410205130C41153)funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant No.51161130525 and 51136003supported by the 111 Project,No.B07009
文摘This paper presents experimental measurements of the flow field in a Low-speed Turbine Cascade using a stereoscopic particle-image velocimetry(SPIV). During the measurements, a pair of frame-straddling-based CCD cameras were configured at different sides of the laser light sheet, and appropriate tracing particles(DEHS) were employed. The measurements were conducted at the incidence angle of 0 degree and exit Reynolds number of 1.7 × 105 with the tip clearance 1.18% of blade chord. The tip flow features, such as the evolution and breakdown of tip leakage vortex, the horseshoe vortex, turbulence characteristics of tip leakage flow, were studied for the flow field analysis. The results showed that the tip leakage flow/vortex mainly dominate flow fields in the tip region. The tip leakage vortex performs as a concentrated vortex before its breaking down and splitting into small vortices. The highest turbulence intensity mainly occurs in the tip region along with the trajectory of tip leakage vortex, and when the vortex breaks down, the turbulence intensity reduces rapidly. Additionally, the SPIV with this configuration also shows an advantage in investigating the flow structures and mechanism inside the turbine cascade.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872872 and U1804113)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101003)
文摘Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB), caused by Bipolarismaydis, is one of the most devastatingdiseases affecting maize production. However,only one SLCB resistance gene, conferring partialresistance, is currently known, underscoring theimportance of isolating new SCLB resistancerelatedgenes. Here, we performed a comparativeproteomic analysis and identified 258 proteinsshowing differential abundance during the maizeresponse to B. maydis. These proteins included anascorbate peroxidase (Zea mays ascorbate peroxidase1 (ZmAPX1)) encoded by a gene locatedwithin the mapping interval of a previously identifiedquantitative trait locus associated with SCLBresistance. ZmAPX1 overexpression resulted inlower H_(2)O_(2) accumulation and enhanced resistanceagainst B. maydis. Jasmonic acid (JA)contents and transcript levels for JA biosynthesisand responsive genes increased in ZmAPX1-overexpressing plants infected with B. maydis,whereas Zmapx1 mutants showed the oppositeeffects. We further determined that low levels of H_(2)O_(2) are accompanied by an accumulation of JAthat enhances SCLB resistance. These resultsdemonstrate that ZmAPX1 positively regulatesSCLB resistance by decreasing H_(2)O_(2) accumulationand activating the JA-mediated defensesignaling pathway. This study identified ZmAPX1as a potentially useful gene for increasing SCLBresistance. Furthermore, the generated datamay be relevant for clarifying the functions ofplant APXs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21820102005,22132002111 Project,Grant/Award Number:B14041Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:2019CBLY001。
文摘Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes poses serious threats to public health.Fast and sensitive detection of the pathogen at the point of contamination is thus crucial to halt the spread of bacteria-related diseases.Herein,we report for the first time a fluorescent film sensor to detect the biomarker of L.monocytogenes,3-hydroxy-2-butanone.The sensor demonstrated unprecedented sensing performance for the analyte with a detection limit lower than 0.05 mg/m^(3),response time less than 1 s,full reversibility,and excellent selectivity.Further study showed that the sensor can be used to monitor the growth of L.monocytogenes with much-improved sensitivity.The superior performance of the sensor is ascribed to the specific binding,efficient charge transfer emission,and porous adlayer structure of the specially designed sensing fluorophore-based film.Our work paves the way to develop a portable detector to meet the needs for on-site and real-time detection of foodborne pathogens.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3005401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52309152)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(B230201013)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220978)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M720998).
文摘Concrete is widely used in various large construction projects owing to its high durability,compressive strength,and plasticity.However,the tensile strength of concrete is low,and concrete cracks easily.Changes in the concrete structure will result in changes in parameters such as the frequency mode and curvature mode,which allows one to effectively locate and evaluate structural damages.In this study,the characteristics of the curvature modes in concrete structures are analyzed and a method to obtain the curvature modes based on the strain and displacement modes is proposed.Subsequently,various indices for the damage diagnosis of concrete structures based on the curvature mode are introduced.A damage assessment method for concrete structures is established using an artificial bee colony backpropagation neural network algorithm.The proposed damage assessment method for dam concrete structures comprises various modal parameters,such as curvature and frequency.The feasibility and accuracy of the model are evaluated based on a case study of a concrete gravity dam.The results show that the damage assessment model can accurately evaluate the damage degree of concrete structures with a maximum error of less than 2%,which is within the required accuracy range of damage identification and assessment for most concrete structures.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (NO.2042020kf0124)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO.82001940).
文摘Background and Aims:The aim was to establish a liver venous deprivation(LVD)model in rats,compare hepatic hypertrophy between LVD and associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS),and explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods:The LVD or extended-LVD(e-LVD)group received portal vein ligation(PVL)combined with hepatic vein ligation(HVL).The ALPPS or eALPPS group received PVL plus parenchyma ligation.Liver regeneration was assessed by measuring the liver weight and performing pathological analysis.Liver functions and the sphingosine kinase 1(SPHK1)/sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1(S1PR1)pathway were also investigated.Results:All future liver remnants(FLRs)in the ALPPS,e-ALPPS,LVD,and e-LVD groups exhibited significant hypertrophy compared with the control group.The LVD and e-LVD procedures induced similar liver hypertrophy than that in the corresponding ALPPS groups.Furthermore,the LVD and e-LVD methods led to obvious cytolysis in the venous-deprived lobes as well as a noticeable increase in serum transaminase levels,while no necrosis was observed in the ALPPS and e-ALPPS groups.SPHK1/S1P/S1PR1 pathway were distinctly activated after operation,especially in congestive/ischemic livers.Conclusions:We describe the first rat model of LVD and e-LVD with simultaneously associated HVL and PVL.Compared with the ALPPS technique,the LVD or e-LVD procedure had a comparable overall effect on the hypertrophy response and a stronger effect on liver function.The SPHK1/S1P/S1PR1 pathway was involved in the LVD-or ALPPS-induced liver remodeling.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No. 2021JJ40066)National Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 51878257 and 52100007).
文摘Vacuum ultraviolet(VUV) photolysis is recognized as an environmental-friendly treatment process. Nitrate(NO-3) and natural organic matter(NOM) are widely present in water source.We investigated trichloronitromethane(TCNM) formation during chlorination after VUV photolysis, because TCNM is an unregulated highly toxic disinfection byproduct. In this study:(1) we found reactive nitrogen species that is generated under VUV photolysis of NO-3react with organic matter to form nitrogen-containing compounds and subsequently form TCNM during chlorination;(2) we found the mere presence of 0.1 mmol/L NO-3can result in the formation of up to 63.96 μg/L TCNM;(3) we found the changes in pH(6.0-8.0), chloride(1-4 mmol/L), and bicarbonate(1-4 mmol/L) cannot effectively diminish TCNM formation;and,(4) we established the quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR) model,which indicated a linear relationship between TCNM formation and the Hammett constant(σ) of model compounds;and,(5) we characterized TCNM precursors in water matrix after VUV photolysis and found 1161 much more nitrogen-containing compounds with higher aromaticity were generated. Overall, this study indicates more attention should be paid to reducing the formation risk of TCNM when applying VUV photolysis process at scale.
