Land use reflects human activities on land.Urban land use is the highest level human alteration on Earth,and it is rapidly changing due to population increase and urbanization.Urban areas have widespread effects on lo...Land use reflects human activities on land.Urban land use is the highest level human alteration on Earth,and it is rapidly changing due to population increase and urbanization.Urban areas have widespread effects on local hydrology,climate,biodiversity,and food production[1,2].However,maps,that contain knowledge on the distribution,pattern and composition of various land use types in urban areas,are limited to city level.The mapping standard on data sources,methods,land use classification schemes varies from city to city,due to differences in financial input and skills of mapping personnel.To address various national and global environmental challenges caused by urbanization,it is important to have urban land uses at the national and global scales that are derived from the same or consistent data sources with the same or compatible classification systems and mapping methods.This is because,only with urban land use maps produced with similar criteria,consistent environmental policies can be made,and action efforts can be compared and assessed for large scale environmental administration.However,despite of the fact that a number of urban-extent maps exist at global scales[3,4],more detailed urban land use maps do not exist at the same scale.Even at big country or regional levels such as for the United States,China and European Union,consistent land use mapping efforts are rare[5,6](e.g.,https://sdi4apps.eu/open_land_use/).展开更多
【摘要】目的探讨在新生儿重症监护病房（ neonatal intensive care unit, NICU）对气管插管机械通气新生儿应用基于证据的预防新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎（ ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP） 集束化策略的临床效果。方法选择2016年...【摘要】目的探讨在新生儿重症监护病房（ neonatal intensive care unit, NICU）对气管插管机械通气新生儿应用基于证据的预防新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎（ ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP） 集束化策略的临床效果。方法选择2016年1月至2017年12月本院NICU进行气管插管机械通气的新生儿进行回顾性分析，2016年1—12月纳入的病例应用传统常规方法预防VAP，为对照组；2017年1～12月纳入的病例应用基于证据的预防新生儿VAP集束化策略，为观察组。比较两组患儿在插管前咽拭子或痰培养为阴性，插管48h后至拔管48h内咽拭子或痰培养或气管插管末端培养任一项致病菌阳性的比例，以阳性例数／1000插管日表示；并采用多元回归分析呼吸道致病菌阳性率的影响因素。结果2016-2017年共纳入气管插管机械通气患儿1221例，对照组632例共插管798例次，观察组589例共插管720例次。观察组胎龄和出生体重小于对照组，超低出生体重儿、产前使用激素比例大于对照组，机械通气时间长于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。对照组致病菌阳性112例次，总插管时间3079d，阳性率为36．4例／1000插管日；观察组致病菌阳性72例次，总插管时间3475d，阳性率为20．7例／1000插管日，明显低于对照组（χ2=4．060，P=0．044）。多元回归分析结果显示，出生体重、日龄、机械通气时间和应用集束化策略是呼吸道致病菌阳性的影响因素。结论在NICU对气管插管机械通气新生儿采用基于证据的预防VAP集束化策略可以减少呼吸道致病菌入侵，今后的NICU护理工作中应越来越多地应用集束化策略对患儿进行护理。展开更多
The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 3...The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.展开更多
Background and Aims:Approximately 10%of patients with acute decompensated(AD)cirrhosis develop acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)within 28 days.Such cases have high mortality and are difficult to predict.Therefore,w...Background and Aims:Approximately 10%of patients with acute decompensated(AD)cirrhosis develop acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)within 28 days.Such cases have high mortality and are difficult to predict.Therefore,we aimed to establish and validate an algorithm to identify these patients on hospitalization.Methods:Hospitalized patients with AD who developed ACLF within 28 days were considered pre-ACLF.Organ dysfunction was defined accord-ing to the chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure as-sessment(CLIF-SOFA)criteria,and proven bacterial infec-tion was taken to indicate immune system dysfunction.A retrospective multicenter cohort and prospective one were used to derive and to validate the potential algorithm,re-spectively.A miss rate of<5%was acceptable for the calcu-lating algorithm to rule out pre-ACLF.Results:In the deri-vation cohort(n=673),46 patients developed ACLF within 28 days.Serum total bilirubin,creatinine,international normalized ratio,and present proven bacterial infection at admission were associated with the development of ACLF.AD patients with≥2 organ dysfunctions had a higher risk for pre-ACLF patients[odds ratio=16.58195%confidence interval:(4.271-64.363),p<0.001].In the derivation co-hort,67.5%of patients(454/673)had≤1 organ dysfunction and two patients(0.4%)were pre-ACLF,with a miss rate of 4.3%(missed/total,2/46).In the validation cohort,65.9%of patients(914/1388)had≤1 organ dysfunction,and four(0.3%)of them were pre-ACLF,with a miss rate of 3.4%(missed/total,4/117).Conclusions:AD patients with≤1 organ dysfunction had a significantly lower risk of developing ACLF within 28 days of admission and could be safely ruled out with a pre-ACLF miss rate of<5%.展开更多
基金partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0600104)supported by donations made by Delos Living LLC,and the Cyrus Tang Foundation+2 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41471419)Beijing Institute of Urban Planningsupported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CCNU19TD002).
文摘Land use reflects human activities on land.Urban land use is the highest level human alteration on Earth,and it is rapidly changing due to population increase and urbanization.Urban areas have widespread effects on local hydrology,climate,biodiversity,and food production[1,2].However,maps,that contain knowledge on the distribution,pattern and composition of various land use types in urban areas,are limited to city level.The mapping standard on data sources,methods,land use classification schemes varies from city to city,due to differences in financial input and skills of mapping personnel.To address various national and global environmental challenges caused by urbanization,it is important to have urban land uses at the national and global scales that are derived from the same or consistent data sources with the same or compatible classification systems and mapping methods.This is because,only with urban land use maps produced with similar criteria,consistent environmental policies can be made,and action efforts can be compared and assessed for large scale environmental administration.However,despite of the fact that a number of urban-extent maps exist at global scales[3,4],more detailed urban land use maps do not exist at the same scale.Even at big country or regional levels such as for the United States,China and European Union,consistent land use mapping efforts are rare[5,6](e.g.,https://sdi4apps.eu/open_land_use/).
文摘【摘要】目的探讨在新生儿重症监护病房（ neonatal intensive care unit, NICU）对气管插管机械通气新生儿应用基于证据的预防新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎（ ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP） 集束化策略的临床效果。方法选择2016年1月至2017年12月本院NICU进行气管插管机械通气的新生儿进行回顾性分析，2016年1—12月纳入的病例应用传统常规方法预防VAP，为对照组；2017年1～12月纳入的病例应用基于证据的预防新生儿VAP集束化策略，为观察组。比较两组患儿在插管前咽拭子或痰培养为阴性，插管48h后至拔管48h内咽拭子或痰培养或气管插管末端培养任一项致病菌阳性的比例，以阳性例数／1000插管日表示；并采用多元回归分析呼吸道致病菌阳性率的影响因素。结果2016-2017年共纳入气管插管机械通气患儿1221例，对照组632例共插管798例次，观察组589例共插管720例次。观察组胎龄和出生体重小于对照组，超低出生体重儿、产前使用激素比例大于对照组，机械通气时间长于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。对照组致病菌阳性112例次，总插管时间3079d，阳性率为36．4例／1000插管日；观察组致病菌阳性72例次，总插管时间3475d，阳性率为20．7例／1000插管日，明显低于对照组（χ2=4．060，P=0．044）。多元回归分析结果显示，出生体重、日龄、机械通气时间和应用集束化策略是呼吸道致病菌阳性的影响因素。结论在NICU对气管插管机械通气新生儿采用基于证据的预防VAP集束化策略可以减少呼吸道致病菌入侵，今后的NICU护理工作中应越来越多地应用集束化策略对患儿进行护理。
基金support from diverse funding sources,including the National Key Program for S&T Research and Development of the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST),Yifang Wang's Science Studio of the Ten Thousand Talents Project,the CAS Key Foreign Cooperation Grant,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission,the CAS Focused Science Grant,the IHEP Innovation Grant,the CAS Lead Special Training Programthe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,the CAS International Partnership Program,and the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams.
文摘The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.
基金the National Science and Technology Major Project(2018ZX10723203,2018ZX10302206)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82070650,81270533,81470038)+7 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0908100)Local Innova-tive and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(2017BT01S131)Key Scientific and Technological Program of Guangzhou City(201508020262)Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(2014B020228003,2015B020226004)Clinical Research Program of Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University(2018CR037,2020CR026)Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B020227004)Clinical Research Startup Program of Southern Medical University by High-level University Construction Funding of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education(LC2019ZD006,LC2016PY005)President Foundation of Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University(2019Z003).
文摘Background and Aims:Approximately 10%of patients with acute decompensated(AD)cirrhosis develop acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)within 28 days.Such cases have high mortality and are difficult to predict.Therefore,we aimed to establish and validate an algorithm to identify these patients on hospitalization.Methods:Hospitalized patients with AD who developed ACLF within 28 days were considered pre-ACLF.Organ dysfunction was defined accord-ing to the chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure as-sessment(CLIF-SOFA)criteria,and proven bacterial infec-tion was taken to indicate immune system dysfunction.A retrospective multicenter cohort and prospective one were used to derive and to validate the potential algorithm,re-spectively.A miss rate of<5%was acceptable for the calcu-lating algorithm to rule out pre-ACLF.Results:In the deri-vation cohort(n=673),46 patients developed ACLF within 28 days.Serum total bilirubin,creatinine,international normalized ratio,and present proven bacterial infection at admission were associated with the development of ACLF.AD patients with≥2 organ dysfunctions had a higher risk for pre-ACLF patients[odds ratio=16.58195%confidence interval:(4.271-64.363),p<0.001].In the derivation co-hort,67.5%of patients(454/673)had≤1 organ dysfunction and two patients(0.4%)were pre-ACLF,with a miss rate of 4.3%(missed/total,2/46).In the validation cohort,65.9%of patients(914/1388)had≤1 organ dysfunction,and four(0.3%)of them were pre-ACLF,with a miss rate of 3.4%(missed/total,4/117).Conclusions:AD patients with≤1 organ dysfunction had a significantly lower risk of developing ACLF within 28 days of admission and could be safely ruled out with a pre-ACLF miss rate of<5%.
