The complement system plays a crucial role in the innate defense against common pathogens. Activation of complement leads to robust and efficient proteolytic cascades, which terminate in opsonization and lysis of the ...The complement system plays a crucial role in the innate defense against common pathogens. Activation of complement leads to robust and efficient proteolytic cascades, which terminate in opsonization and lysis of the pathogen as well as in the generation of the classical inflammatory response through the production of potent proinflammatory molecules. More recently, however, the role of complement in the immune response has been expanded due to observations that link complement activation to adaptive immune responses. It is now appreciated that complement is a functional bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses that allows an integrated host defense to pathogenic challenges. As such, a study of its functions allows insight into the molecular underpinnings of host-pathogen interactions as well as the organization and orchestration of the host immune response. This review attempts to summarize the roles that complement plays in both innate and adaptive immune responses and the consequences of these interactions on host defense.展开更多
Background：Fractional flow reserve （FFR） is currently considered as the gold standard for evaluating the functional significance of coronary stenosis.However,its potential benefits in real-world practice remain unk...Background：Fractional flow reserve （FFR） is currently considered as the gold standard for evaluating the functional significance of coronary stenosis.However,its potential benefits in real-world practice remain unknown in China.This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the use of FFR is associated with improved outcome and reduced cost in Chinese real-world clinical practice.Methods：A retrospective cohort study was carried out using the database of Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University,a tertiary and high-volume center in China.Clinical events were compared using the Cox proportional hazards model during a median follow-up of 13 months.Results：The study cohort consisted of 366 consecutive patients referred for coronary revascularization with adjunct FFR and 366 matched controls,from 2010 to 2014.Major adverse cardiac events （MACEs） （death,myocardial infarction,repeated revascularization,or hospitalization for angina） at 4 years were found in 12.0% ofangiography-guided patients and 4.9% in the FFR-guided group （P 〈 0.001）.The mean number of implanted stents was significantly lower in FFR treated subjects （0.52 ± 0.82 stents） compared with the angiography-guided group （0.93 ± 0.96 stents） （P 〈 0.001）.No difference in overall costs at initial hospitalization was observed between angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） compared with FFR-guided PCI （RMB 33,000 Yuan,range：RMB 7393-44,700 Yuan） versus RMB 21,200 Yuan （RMB 19,100-47,100 Yuan） （P =0.54）.However,costs for MACEs during follow-up were significantly reduced in the FFR-guided arm （P 〈 0.001）.Conclusions：In the contemporary clinical practice,FFR-guided PCI is associated with decreased use of stents,improved clinical outcome,and reduced costs,compared with angiography-guided PCI.展开更多
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)has characteristics of family cluster infection;however,its family-based infection status,related factors,and transmission pattern in central China,a high-risk area for H.pylori...BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)has characteristics of family cluster infection;however,its family-based infection status,related factors,and transmission pattern in central China,a high-risk area for H.pylori infection and gastric cancer,have not been evaluated.We investigated family-based H.pylori infection in healthy households to understand its infection status,related factors,and patterns of transmission for related disease prevention.AIM To investigate family-based H.pylori infection status,related factors,and patterns of transmission in healthy households for related disease prevention.METHODS Blood samples and survey questionnaires were collected from 282 families including 772 individuals.The recruited families were from 10 selected communities in the greater Zhengzhou area with different living standards,and the family members’general data,H.pylori infection status,related factors,and transmission pattern were analyzed.H.pylori infection was confirmed primarily by serum H.pylori antibody arrays;if patients previously underwent H.pylori eradication therapy,an additional 13C-urea breath test was performed to obtain their current infection status.Serum gastrin and pepsinogens(PGs)were also analyzed.RESULTS Among the 772 individuals examined,H.pylori infection rate was 54.27%.These infected individuals were from 246 families,accounting for 87.23%of all 282 families examined,and 34.55%of these families were infected by the same strains.In 27.24%of infected families,all members were infected,and 68.66%of them were infected with type I strains.Among the 244 families that included both husband and wife,spouse co-infection rate was 34.84%,and in only 17.21%of these spouses,none were infected.The infection rate increased with duration of marriage,but annual household income,history of smoking,history of alcohol consumption,dining location,presence of gastrointestinal symptoms,and family history of gastric disease or GC did not affect infection rates;however,individuals who had a higher education level s展开更多
AIM:To identify metabolites,proteins,and related pathways involved in the etiology of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)for use as biomarkers in diagnosing and treating RRD.METHODS:Vitreous specimens were collecte...AIM:To identify metabolites,proteins,and related pathways involved in the etiology of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)for use as biomarkers in diagnosing and treating RRD.METHODS:Vitreous specimens were collected and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis was per formed using the four-dimensional label-free technique.Statistically significant differentially expressed proteins,gene ontology(GO)terms,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway representations,and protein interactions were analyzed.RESULTS:Nine specimens were subjected to proteomic analysis.In total,161 proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins(DEPs),including 53 upregulated proteins and 108 downregulated proteins.GO functional analysis revealed that some DEPs were enriched in neuron-related terms and membrane protein terms.Moreover,KEGG analysis indicated that the cell adhesion molecule metabolic pathway was associated with the greatest number of DEPs.Finally,the evaluation of protein-protein interaction network revealed that DEPs were clustered in neuronal adhesion,apoptosis,inflammation and immune responses,correct protein folding,and glycolysis.CONCLUSION:Proteomic profiling is useful for the exploration of molecular mechanisms that underlie RRD.This study reveals increased expression levels of proteins related to heat shock protein content,glycolysis,and inflammatory responses in RRD.Knowledge regarding biomarkers of RRD pathogenesis may help to prevent the occurrence of RRD in the future.展开更多
文摘The complement system plays a crucial role in the innate defense against common pathogens. Activation of complement leads to robust and efficient proteolytic cascades, which terminate in opsonization and lysis of the pathogen as well as in the generation of the classical inflammatory response through the production of potent proinflammatory molecules. More recently, however, the role of complement in the immune response has been expanded due to observations that link complement activation to adaptive immune responses. It is now appreciated that complement is a functional bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses that allows an integrated host defense to pathogenic challenges. As such, a study of its functions allows insight into the molecular underpinnings of host-pathogen interactions as well as the organization and orchestration of the host immune response. This review attempts to summarize the roles that complement plays in both innate and adaptive immune responses and the consequences of these interactions on host defense.
文摘Background：Fractional flow reserve （FFR） is currently considered as the gold standard for evaluating the functional significance of coronary stenosis.However,its potential benefits in real-world practice remain unknown in China.This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the use of FFR is associated with improved outcome and reduced cost in Chinese real-world clinical practice.Methods：A retrospective cohort study was carried out using the database of Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University,a tertiary and high-volume center in China.Clinical events were compared using the Cox proportional hazards model during a median follow-up of 13 months.Results：The study cohort consisted of 366 consecutive patients referred for coronary revascularization with adjunct FFR and 366 matched controls,from 2010 to 2014.Major adverse cardiac events （MACEs） （death,myocardial infarction,repeated revascularization,or hospitalization for angina） at 4 years were found in 12.0% ofangiography-guided patients and 4.9% in the FFR-guided group （P 〈 0.001）.The mean number of implanted stents was significantly lower in FFR treated subjects （0.52 ± 0.82 stents） compared with the angiography-guided group （0.93 ± 0.96 stents） （P 〈 0.001）.No difference in overall costs at initial hospitalization was observed between angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） compared with FFR-guided PCI （RMB 33,000 Yuan,range：RMB 7393-44,700 Yuan） versus RMB 21,200 Yuan （RMB 19,100-47,100 Yuan） （P =0.54）.However,costs for MACEs during follow-up were significantly reduced in the FFR-guided arm （P 〈 0.001）.Conclusions：In the contemporary clinical practice,FFR-guided PCI is associated with decreased use of stents,improved clinical outcome,and reduced costs,compared with angiography-guided PCI.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U1604174Henan Provincial Government-Health and Family Planning Commission,No.20170123 and No.SBGJ202002004Henan Provincial Government-Health and Family Planning Commission Research Innovative Talents Project,No.51282
文摘BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)has characteristics of family cluster infection;however,its family-based infection status,related factors,and transmission pattern in central China,a high-risk area for H.pylori infection and gastric cancer,have not been evaluated.We investigated family-based H.pylori infection in healthy households to understand its infection status,related factors,and patterns of transmission for related disease prevention.AIM To investigate family-based H.pylori infection status,related factors,and patterns of transmission in healthy households for related disease prevention.METHODS Blood samples and survey questionnaires were collected from 282 families including 772 individuals.The recruited families were from 10 selected communities in the greater Zhengzhou area with different living standards,and the family members’general data,H.pylori infection status,related factors,and transmission pattern were analyzed.H.pylori infection was confirmed primarily by serum H.pylori antibody arrays;if patients previously underwent H.pylori eradication therapy,an additional 13C-urea breath test was performed to obtain their current infection status.Serum gastrin and pepsinogens(PGs)were also analyzed.RESULTS Among the 772 individuals examined,H.pylori infection rate was 54.27%.These infected individuals were from 246 families,accounting for 87.23%of all 282 families examined,and 34.55%of these families were infected by the same strains.In 27.24%of infected families,all members were infected,and 68.66%of them were infected with type I strains.Among the 244 families that included both husband and wife,spouse co-infection rate was 34.84%,and in only 17.21%of these spouses,none were infected.The infection rate increased with duration of marriage,but annual household income,history of smoking,history of alcohol consumption,dining location,presence of gastrointestinal symptoms,and family history of gastric disease or GC did not affect infection rates;however,individuals who had a higher education level s
文摘AIM:To identify metabolites,proteins,and related pathways involved in the etiology of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)for use as biomarkers in diagnosing and treating RRD.METHODS:Vitreous specimens were collected and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis was per formed using the four-dimensional label-free technique.Statistically significant differentially expressed proteins,gene ontology(GO)terms,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway representations,and protein interactions were analyzed.RESULTS:Nine specimens were subjected to proteomic analysis.In total,161 proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins(DEPs),including 53 upregulated proteins and 108 downregulated proteins.GO functional analysis revealed that some DEPs were enriched in neuron-related terms and membrane protein terms.Moreover,KEGG analysis indicated that the cell adhesion molecule metabolic pathway was associated with the greatest number of DEPs.Finally,the evaluation of protein-protein interaction network revealed that DEPs were clustered in neuronal adhesion,apoptosis,inflammation and immune responses,correct protein folding,and glycolysis.CONCLUSION:Proteomic profiling is useful for the exploration of molecular mechanisms that underlie RRD.This study reveals increased expression levels of proteins related to heat shock protein content,glycolysis,and inflammatory responses in RRD.Knowledge regarding biomarkers of RRD pathogenesis may help to prevent the occurrence of RRD in the future.
