The growing water stress both in terms of water scarcity and quality deterioration promotes the development of reclaimed water as a new water resource use. This paper reviewed wastewater reuse practices in China, and ...The growing water stress both in terms of water scarcity and quality deterioration promotes the development of reclaimed water as a new water resource use. This paper reviewed wastewater reuse practices in China, and the opportunities and challenges of expanding reclaimed water use were analyzed. Rapid urbanization with the increasing of water demand and wastewater discharge provides an opportunity for wastewater reuse. The vast amount of wastewater discharge and low reclaimed water production mean that wastewater reuse still has a great potential in China. Many environmental and economic benefits and successful reclamation technologies also provide opportunities for wastewater reuse. In addition, the overall strategy in China is also encouraging for wastewater reuse. In the beginning stage of wastewater reclamation and reuse, there are many significant challenges to expand wastewater reuse in China including slow pace in adopting urban wastewater reuse programs, the establishment of integrated water resources management framework and guidelines for wastewater reuse programs, incoherent water quality requirements, the limited commercial development of reclaimed water and the strengthening of public awareness and cooperation among stakeholders.展开更多
To harness the rich solar energy resources in Xinjiang Region of Northwest China,this study tries to address the issue of lack of downward surface shortwave radiation(DSSR)observations and the need to improve the accu...To harness the rich solar energy resources in Xinjiang Region of Northwest China,this study tries to address the issue of lack of downward surface shortwave radiation(DSSR)observations and the need to improve the accuracy of satellite retrieval and numerical simulation of DSSR under varied sky and meteorological conditions.(1)A two-layer aerosol model specific to Xinjiang was developed to capture the vertical distributions of aerosols based on multiple data sources including lidar,GPS sounding,ground meteorological observations,and profiles from the ECMWF reanalysis version 5(ERA5)data.The results show that the ERA5/PBLH(planetary boundary layer height)and ERA5/ALH(aerosol layer height)could be used to establish the two-layer aerosol model and characterize the vertical distribution of aerosols in Xinjiang Region.(2)Using the Santa Barbara Discrete Atmospheric Radiative Transfer(SBDART)model,a localized inverse model of clear-sky DSSR was established.After parameter adjustment and using the optimal combination of input parameters for DSSR simulation together with the two-layer aerosol model,the model-simulated DSSR(DSSRSBD)under clear-sky conditions improved significantly compared to the initial results,with all fitting indices greatly improved.(3)In addition,the study demonstrated that the impact of the two-layer aerosol model on DSSR was more pronounced under dust conditions than clear-sky conditions.(4)Using the localized clear-sky DSSR inversion model and its required parameters,simulations were also conducted to capture the spatiotemporal distribution of DSSR under clear-sky conditions in Xinjiang from 2017 to 2019.The annual average DSSR_(SBD)under clear-sky conditions in Xinjiang during 2017–2019 was 606.78 W m^(-2),while DSSR from CERES(DSSR_(CER))under the same conditions was generally higher(703.95 W m^(-2)).(5)It is found that satellite remote sensing products experienced data loss in high-altitude snow areas,where numerical simulation technology could serve as a valuable complement.展开更多
This study investigates aberrant DNA methylations as potential diagnosis and prognosis markers for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma(ESCC),which if diagnosed at advanced stages has<30%five-year survival rate.Compa...This study investigates aberrant DNA methylations as potential diagnosis and prognosis markers for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma(ESCC),which if diagnosed at advanced stages has<30%five-year survival rate.Comparing genome-wide methylation sites of 91 ESCC and matched adjacent normal tissues,we identified 35,577 differentially methylated CpG sites(DMCs)and characterized their distribution patterns.展开更多
目的对一期凝固法凝血因子Ⅷ活性(FⅧ:C)检测系统进行性能验证。方法依据中国合格评定国家认可委员会(CNAS)-GL037《临床化学定量检验程序性能验证指南》及相关卫生行业标准提供的方案,对ACL TOP 700全自动凝血分析仪及其配套试剂一期...目的对一期凝固法凝血因子Ⅷ活性(FⅧ:C)检测系统进行性能验证。方法依据中国合格评定国家认可委员会(CNAS)-GL037《临床化学定量检验程序性能验证指南》及相关卫生行业标准提供的方案,对ACL TOP 700全自动凝血分析仪及其配套试剂一期凝固法测定FⅧ:C精密度、正确度、准确度、线性范围、可报告范围、定量检出限、医学决定水平不精密度、携带污染率、抗干扰实验及参考范围进行验证。结果批内不精密度变异系数(CV)值为1.8%~4.1%(≤5%),批间不精密度CV值为3.5%~3.9%(≤10%)。正确度:偏倚为-1.3%(在±10%范围内)。准确度:两个浓度室间质评物质偏倚差分别为1.81%和-0.87%(均在±10%范围内)。线性范围:14.6%~142.7%(R^(2)=0.9939)。定量检出限:1%,与厂商声称相符。医学决定水平(1%、3%、5%)不精密度为5.1%~8.6%(≤10%)。稀释验证:在32倍及以下稀释时,R值均在80%~120%之间。可报告范围:1%~428.1%。携带污染率:0(≤10%)。干扰实验结果显示有较强的抗干扰能力。参考范围(50%~150%)验证:20例表观健康人有19例检测结果在参考范围内,验证通过。结论一期凝固法Ⅷ因子活性检测系统精密度、正确度、准确度、线性范围、可报告范围、检出限、医学决定水平不精密度、携带污染率、抗干扰能力、参考范围验证等各项性能指标均满足国际标准化组织(ISO)15189的要求,可用于临床检测。展开更多
High-quality II-VI semiconductor ZnSe nanowires were facilely prepared in the oleic acid and oleylamine mixed solution at low temperatures of 130°C-200°C through an Ag2Se-catalyzed growth mechanism. Oleylami...High-quality II-VI semiconductor ZnSe nanowires were facilely prepared in the oleic acid and oleylamine mixed solution at low temperatures of 130°C-200°C through an Ag2Se-catalyzed growth mechanism. Oleylamine served as an effective reducing agent and a surfactant in the synthesis. Many of the resultant nanowires were terminated by an Ag2Se catalyst particle at one of their ends, confirming that the nanowire growth followed a catalytic mechanism. The crystal structure of Ag2Se catalyst was examined, which exhibited a metastable tetragonal phase, not the common orthorhombic phase. Meanwhile, the optical properties of as-synthesized ZnSe nanowire solid powder were evaluated by the UV-Visible diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy and a significant blue shift was observed compared to the bulk ZnSe with a band gap of 2.7 eV. This work would provide an alternative and effective catalytic route for the preparation of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures of ZnSe and other metal selenides.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41271501)
文摘The growing water stress both in terms of water scarcity and quality deterioration promotes the development of reclaimed water as a new water resource use. This paper reviewed wastewater reuse practices in China, and the opportunities and challenges of expanding reclaimed water use were analyzed. Rapid urbanization with the increasing of water demand and wastewater discharge provides an opportunity for wastewater reuse. The vast amount of wastewater discharge and low reclaimed water production mean that wastewater reuse still has a great potential in China. Many environmental and economic benefits and successful reclamation technologies also provide opportunities for wastewater reuse. In addition, the overall strategy in China is also encouraging for wastewater reuse. In the beginning stage of wastewater reclamation and reuse, there are many significant challenges to expand wastewater reuse in China including slow pace in adopting urban wastewater reuse programs, the establishment of integrated water resources management framework and guidelines for wastewater reuse programs, incoherent water quality requirements, the limited commercial development of reclaimed water and the strengthening of public awareness and cooperation among stakeholders.
基金Science and Technology Planning Program of Xinjiang(2022E01047)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42030612 and 41905131)+2 种基金Scientific Research Program Funded by Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government(23JK0625)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2021JQ-768)Social Science Planning Fund Program of Xi’an City(23JX150)。
文摘To harness the rich solar energy resources in Xinjiang Region of Northwest China,this study tries to address the issue of lack of downward surface shortwave radiation(DSSR)observations and the need to improve the accuracy of satellite retrieval and numerical simulation of DSSR under varied sky and meteorological conditions.(1)A two-layer aerosol model specific to Xinjiang was developed to capture the vertical distributions of aerosols based on multiple data sources including lidar,GPS sounding,ground meteorological observations,and profiles from the ECMWF reanalysis version 5(ERA5)data.The results show that the ERA5/PBLH(planetary boundary layer height)and ERA5/ALH(aerosol layer height)could be used to establish the two-layer aerosol model and characterize the vertical distribution of aerosols in Xinjiang Region.(2)Using the Santa Barbara Discrete Atmospheric Radiative Transfer(SBDART)model,a localized inverse model of clear-sky DSSR was established.After parameter adjustment and using the optimal combination of input parameters for DSSR simulation together with the two-layer aerosol model,the model-simulated DSSR(DSSRSBD)under clear-sky conditions improved significantly compared to the initial results,with all fitting indices greatly improved.(3)In addition,the study demonstrated that the impact of the two-layer aerosol model on DSSR was more pronounced under dust conditions than clear-sky conditions.(4)Using the localized clear-sky DSSR inversion model and its required parameters,simulations were also conducted to capture the spatiotemporal distribution of DSSR under clear-sky conditions in Xinjiang from 2017 to 2019.The annual average DSSR_(SBD)under clear-sky conditions in Xinjiang during 2017–2019 was 606.78 W m^(-2),while DSSR from CERES(DSSR_(CER))under the same conditions was generally higher(703.95 W m^(-2)).(5)It is found that satellite remote sensing products experienced data loss in high-altitude snow areas,where numerical simulation technology could serve as a valuable complement.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81988101 to D.L.and C.W.)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(81725015 to C.W.)+2 种基金Chinese Academy Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-013 to D.L.,C.W.and W.T.,2019-I2M-2-001 to D.L and C.W.)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(BJJWZYJH01201910023027 to C.W.)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2502000 to Y.L.).
文摘This study investigates aberrant DNA methylations as potential diagnosis and prognosis markers for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma(ESCC),which if diagnosed at advanced stages has<30%five-year survival rate.Comparing genome-wide methylation sites of 91 ESCC and matched adjacent normal tissues,we identified 35,577 differentially methylated CpG sites(DMCs)and characterized their distribution patterns.
文摘目的对一期凝固法凝血因子Ⅷ活性(FⅧ:C)检测系统进行性能验证。方法依据中国合格评定国家认可委员会(CNAS)-GL037《临床化学定量检验程序性能验证指南》及相关卫生行业标准提供的方案,对ACL TOP 700全自动凝血分析仪及其配套试剂一期凝固法测定FⅧ:C精密度、正确度、准确度、线性范围、可报告范围、定量检出限、医学决定水平不精密度、携带污染率、抗干扰实验及参考范围进行验证。结果批内不精密度变异系数(CV)值为1.8%~4.1%(≤5%),批间不精密度CV值为3.5%~3.9%(≤10%)。正确度:偏倚为-1.3%(在±10%范围内)。准确度:两个浓度室间质评物质偏倚差分别为1.81%和-0.87%(均在±10%范围内)。线性范围:14.6%~142.7%(R^(2)=0.9939)。定量检出限:1%,与厂商声称相符。医学决定水平(1%、3%、5%)不精密度为5.1%~8.6%(≤10%)。稀释验证:在32倍及以下稀释时,R值均在80%~120%之间。可报告范围:1%~428.1%。携带污染率:0(≤10%)。干扰实验结果显示有较强的抗干扰能力。参考范围(50%~150%)验证:20例表观健康人有19例检测结果在参考范围内,验证通过。结论一期凝固法Ⅷ因子活性检测系统精密度、正确度、准确度、线性范围、可报告范围、检出限、医学决定水平不精密度、携带污染率、抗干扰能力、参考范围验证等各项性能指标均满足国际标准化组织(ISO)15189的要求,可用于临床检测。
文摘High-quality II-VI semiconductor ZnSe nanowires were facilely prepared in the oleic acid and oleylamine mixed solution at low temperatures of 130°C-200°C through an Ag2Se-catalyzed growth mechanism. Oleylamine served as an effective reducing agent and a surfactant in the synthesis. Many of the resultant nanowires were terminated by an Ag2Se catalyst particle at one of their ends, confirming that the nanowire growth followed a catalytic mechanism. The crystal structure of Ag2Se catalyst was examined, which exhibited a metastable tetragonal phase, not the common orthorhombic phase. Meanwhile, the optical properties of as-synthesized ZnSe nanowire solid powder were evaluated by the UV-Visible diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy and a significant blue shift was observed compared to the bulk ZnSe with a band gap of 2.7 eV. This work would provide an alternative and effective catalytic route for the preparation of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures of ZnSe and other metal selenides.
