Precise information about the spatial variability of soil properties is essential in developing site-specific soil management, such as variable rate application of fertilizers. In this study the sampling grid of 100 m...Precise information about the spatial variability of soil properties is essential in developing site-specific soil management, such as variable rate application of fertilizers. In this study the sampling grid of 100 m × 100 m was established to collect 1 703 soil samples at the depth of 0-20 cm, and examine spatial patterns including 13 soil chemical properties （pH, OM, NH4^＋, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn） in a 1 760 ha rice field in Haifeng farm, China, from 6th to 22nd of April, 2006, before fertilizer application and planting. Soil analysis was performed by ASI （Agro Services International） and data were analyzed both statistically and geostatistically. Results showed that the contents of soil OM, NH4^＋, and Zn in Haifeng farm were very low for rice production and those of others were enough to meet the need for rice cultivation. The spatial distribution model and spatial dependence level for 13 soil chemical properties varied in the field. Soil Mg and B showed strong spatial variability on both descriptive statistics and geostatistics, and other properties showed moderate spatial variability. The maximum ranges for K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu and Mn were all - 3 990.6 m and the minimum ranges for soil pH, OM, NH4^＋, P, Fe, and Zn ranged from 516.7 to 1 166.2 m. Clear patchy distribution of N, P, K, Mg, S, B, Mn, and Zn were found from their spatial distribution maps. This proved that sampling strategy for estimating variability should be adapted to the different soil chemical properties and field management. Therefore, the spatial variability of soil chemical properties with strong spatial dependence could be readily managed and a site-specific fertilization scheme for precision farming could be easily developed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Efficient bowel cleansing is essential for a successful colonoscopy,but the ideal cleansing agent,volume,and pharmaceutical dosage form have yet to be determined.Small-volume cleansers enhance patient compl...BACKGROUND Efficient bowel cleansing is essential for a successful colonoscopy,but the ideal cleansing agent,volume,and pharmaceutical dosage form have yet to be determined.Small-volume cleansers enhance patient compliance.AIM To compare the bowel cleansing efficacy of 32-tablet sodium phosphate(Quiklean®)with 2-L polyethylene glycol(PEG)/bisacodyl(Klean-Prep/Dulcolax®)under identical dietary recommendations.METHODS This multicenter,randomized,parallel-group,noninferiority clinical trial enrolled 472 outpatients,randomized 456 subjects,and scheduled 442 subjects to undergo colonoscopy(Quiklean®=222 and Klean-Prep/Dulcolax®=220).After bowel preparation,a colonoscopist performed the colonoscopy with video recorded for rating.The primary efficacy endpoint was the bowel cleansing quality using the Aronchick Scale.The secondary endpoints were the bowel cleansing efficacy of three colon segments,tolerability and acceptability,safety using the Ottawa bowel preparation scale,questionnaires by subjects,and monitoring of adverse events.RESULTS Success rates(Excellent+Good)of the bowel cleansing quality by Aronchick Scale were 98.6%(n=205)and 97.6%(n=204)in the Quiklean®and Klean-Prep/Dulcolax®groups,respectively.Quiklean®demonstrated noninferiority over Klean-Prep/Dulcolax®in colon cleansing efficacy.Quicken showed better tolerability and acceptability in the overall experience(was rated as excellent;24.0%vs 17.2%;P=0.0016)and the taste of the study preparation(was rated as excellent,23.1%vs 13.4%;P<0.0001)than Klean-Prep/Dulcolax®.Safety profiles did not differ between the two groups.Our data indicate that Quiklean®is an adequate,well-tolerated bowel cleansing preparation compared with the standard comparator Klean-Prep/Dulcolax®.CONCLUSION Quiklean®is sodium phosphate tablets available on Taiwan’s market for bowel preparation;it potentially offers patients an alternative to standard large-volume bowel preparation regimens and may,therefore,increase positive attitudes toward colonoscopies and participation r展开更多
近年来,以中国为代表的新兴经济体对外直接投资(Outward Foreign Direct Investment,OFDI)规模显著提升,为全球经济增长注入了强大而持续的动力。在此过程中,华侨华人网络的影响作用日益凸显。基于社会网络和战略匹配理论,考察华侨华人...近年来,以中国为代表的新兴经济体对外直接投资(Outward Foreign Direct Investment,OFDI)规模显著提升,为全球经济增长注入了强大而持续的动力。在此过程中,华侨华人网络的影响作用日益凸显。基于社会网络和战略匹配理论,考察华侨华人网络影响我国企业OFDI的理论机制,并构造华侨华人网络中心性指标展开实证检验。结果表明,华侨华人网络会通过提高中国跨国企业战略激进度来促进企业OFDI。并且,管理者自信会强化华侨华人网络与中国企业OFDI之间的关系。此外,当投资东道国为非共建“一带一路”国家、处于非儒家文化圈或为发达经济体,以及企业为非国有企业时,华侨华人网络对企业OFDI的促进作用更为显著。我国应充分发挥华侨华人网络优势,加强海外统一战线工作,加快构建新发展格局。展开更多
基金funded by thestarting project of scientific research for high-level tal-ents introduced by North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power (200723)Shang-hai Municipal Key Task Projects of Prospering Agri-culture by the Science and Technology Plan, China(NGZ 1-10)
文摘Precise information about the spatial variability of soil properties is essential in developing site-specific soil management, such as variable rate application of fertilizers. In this study the sampling grid of 100 m × 100 m was established to collect 1 703 soil samples at the depth of 0-20 cm, and examine spatial patterns including 13 soil chemical properties （pH, OM, NH4^＋, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn） in a 1 760 ha rice field in Haifeng farm, China, from 6th to 22nd of April, 2006, before fertilizer application and planting. Soil analysis was performed by ASI （Agro Services International） and data were analyzed both statistically and geostatistically. Results showed that the contents of soil OM, NH4^＋, and Zn in Haifeng farm were very low for rice production and those of others were enough to meet the need for rice cultivation. The spatial distribution model and spatial dependence level for 13 soil chemical properties varied in the field. Soil Mg and B showed strong spatial variability on both descriptive statistics and geostatistics, and other properties showed moderate spatial variability. The maximum ranges for K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu and Mn were all - 3 990.6 m and the minimum ranges for soil pH, OM, NH4^＋, P, Fe, and Zn ranged from 516.7 to 1 166.2 m. Clear patchy distribution of N, P, K, Mg, S, B, Mn, and Zn were found from their spatial distribution maps. This proved that sampling strategy for estimating variability should be adapted to the different soil chemical properties and field management. Therefore, the spatial variability of soil chemical properties with strong spatial dependence could be readily managed and a site-specific fertilization scheme for precision farming could be easily developed.
基金The China Medical University Hospital,No.DMR-108-125.
文摘BACKGROUND Efficient bowel cleansing is essential for a successful colonoscopy,but the ideal cleansing agent,volume,and pharmaceutical dosage form have yet to be determined.Small-volume cleansers enhance patient compliance.AIM To compare the bowel cleansing efficacy of 32-tablet sodium phosphate(Quiklean®)with 2-L polyethylene glycol(PEG)/bisacodyl(Klean-Prep/Dulcolax®)under identical dietary recommendations.METHODS This multicenter,randomized,parallel-group,noninferiority clinical trial enrolled 472 outpatients,randomized 456 subjects,and scheduled 442 subjects to undergo colonoscopy(Quiklean®=222 and Klean-Prep/Dulcolax®=220).After bowel preparation,a colonoscopist performed the colonoscopy with video recorded for rating.The primary efficacy endpoint was the bowel cleansing quality using the Aronchick Scale.The secondary endpoints were the bowel cleansing efficacy of three colon segments,tolerability and acceptability,safety using the Ottawa bowel preparation scale,questionnaires by subjects,and monitoring of adverse events.RESULTS Success rates(Excellent+Good)of the bowel cleansing quality by Aronchick Scale were 98.6%(n=205)and 97.6%(n=204)in the Quiklean®and Klean-Prep/Dulcolax®groups,respectively.Quiklean®demonstrated noninferiority over Klean-Prep/Dulcolax®in colon cleansing efficacy.Quicken showed better tolerability and acceptability in the overall experience(was rated as excellent;24.0%vs 17.2%;P=0.0016)and the taste of the study preparation(was rated as excellent,23.1%vs 13.4%;P<0.0001)than Klean-Prep/Dulcolax®.Safety profiles did not differ between the two groups.Our data indicate that Quiklean®is an adequate,well-tolerated bowel cleansing preparation compared with the standard comparator Klean-Prep/Dulcolax®.CONCLUSION Quiklean®is sodium phosphate tablets available on Taiwan’s market for bowel preparation;it potentially offers patients an alternative to standard large-volume bowel preparation regimens and may,therefore,increase positive attitudes toward colonoscopies and participation r
文摘近年来,以中国为代表的新兴经济体对外直接投资(Outward Foreign Direct Investment,OFDI)规模显著提升,为全球经济增长注入了强大而持续的动力。在此过程中,华侨华人网络的影响作用日益凸显。基于社会网络和战略匹配理论,考察华侨华人网络影响我国企业OFDI的理论机制,并构造华侨华人网络中心性指标展开实证检验。结果表明,华侨华人网络会通过提高中国跨国企业战略激进度来促进企业OFDI。并且,管理者自信会强化华侨华人网络与中国企业OFDI之间的关系。此外,当投资东道国为非共建“一带一路”国家、处于非儒家文化圈或为发达经济体,以及企业为非国有企业时,华侨华人网络对企业OFDI的促进作用更为显著。我国应充分发挥华侨华人网络优势,加强海外统一战线工作,加快构建新发展格局。
