1 BACKGROUND With the rapid development of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)over the past decades,they have become a major area of interest in the treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC)[1,2].There are evidence pointing ...1 BACKGROUND With the rapid development of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)over the past decades,they have become a major area of interest in the treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC)[1,2].There are evidence pointing that programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)blockade,alone or in combination with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4(anti-CTLA4)therapy,achieved durable responses in patients with mismatch repair-deficient(dMMR)or microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)metastatic CRC(mCRC)[3–6].However,the optimal diagnostic method for detecting dMMR/MSI-H disease as well as the optimal anti-PD-1-based treatment modality still remains controversial in this patient subset.In addition,for the majority of mCRC cases that are mismatch repair-proficient(pMMR)or microsatellite stable(MSS),the clinical benefits from these agents are generally minimal[3,7],driving extensive research efforts to develop effective combination therapies in this disease subset.Moreover,investigations of anti-PD-1-based treatments have also been initiated in the nonmetastatic settings of CRC,with some encouraging preliminary evidence[8].Medical oncologists and surgeons from the Committee of Colorectal Cancer of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology had a panel discussion on immunotherapy for patients with colorectal cancer during a seminar on June 16,2020,in Guangzhou,China.Herein,the expert opinions have been summarized along with relevant clinical evidence(Table 1)to guide real-world treatment decision-making regarding the use of ICIs in patients with CRC.展开更多
目的:采用基于贝叶斯原理的网状Meta分析方法,评价针灸治疗干眼的有效性及安全性,为后续的临床应用提供循证依据。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方和维普数...目的:采用基于贝叶斯原理的网状Meta分析方法,评价针灸治疗干眼的有效性及安全性,为后续的临床应用提供循证依据。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方和维普数据库,搜集针灸及其联合疗法治疗干眼的随机对照临床试验文献,检索时限为建库至2020年11月25日。由2位评价员独立筛选文献、提取资料并对纳入的研究进行风险偏倚评估,采用Stata14.0和R4.0.3软件进行数据分析并绘制相关图形。结果:本研究共纳入71篇文献,涉及干眼患者5536例,涵盖11种不同干预措施。网状Meta分析结果显示,在治疗总有效率、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、泪液分泌试验(SIT)方面,累积排序概率图下面积值最优的干预措施是针刺+中药+人工泪液三联疗法(0.94),其总有效率(OR=12.34,95%CI[4.72,36.89])、BUT(MD=2.76,95%CI[0.16,5.40])、SIT(MD=4.76,95%CI[1.23,8.29]),均显著优于人工泪液类药物。结论:各类针灸疗法在治疗干眼方面均普遍优于人工泪液,其中针灸综合疗法疗效最佳。建议结合中医辨证及临床实际情况合理选择。展开更多
We report on the performance improvement of long-wave infrared quantum cascade lasers(LWIR QCLs)by studying and optimizing the anti-reflection(AR)optical facet coating.Compared to the Al2O3 AR coat⁃ing,the Y_(2)O_(3)A...We report on the performance improvement of long-wave infrared quantum cascade lasers(LWIR QCLs)by studying and optimizing the anti-reflection(AR)optical facet coating.Compared to the Al2O3 AR coat⁃ing,the Y_(2)O_(3)AR coating exhibits higher catastrophic optical mirror damage(COMD)level,and the optical facet coatings of both material systems have no beam steering effect.A 3-mm-long,9.5-μm-wide buried-heterostruc⁃ture(BH)LWIR QCL ofλ~8.5μm with Y_(2)O_(3)metallic high-reflection(HR)and AR of~0.2%reflectivity coating demonstrates a maximum pulsed peak power of 2.19 W at 298 K,which is 149%higher than that of the uncoated device.For continuous-wave(CW)operation,by optimizing the reflectivity of the Y_(2)O_(3)AR coating,the maximum output power reaches 0.73 W,which is 91%higher than that of the uncoated device.展开更多
文摘1 BACKGROUND With the rapid development of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)over the past decades,they have become a major area of interest in the treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC)[1,2].There are evidence pointing that programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)blockade,alone or in combination with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4(anti-CTLA4)therapy,achieved durable responses in patients with mismatch repair-deficient(dMMR)or microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)metastatic CRC(mCRC)[3–6].However,the optimal diagnostic method for detecting dMMR/MSI-H disease as well as the optimal anti-PD-1-based treatment modality still remains controversial in this patient subset.In addition,for the majority of mCRC cases that are mismatch repair-proficient(pMMR)or microsatellite stable(MSS),the clinical benefits from these agents are generally minimal[3,7],driving extensive research efforts to develop effective combination therapies in this disease subset.Moreover,investigations of anti-PD-1-based treatments have also been initiated in the nonmetastatic settings of CRC,with some encouraging preliminary evidence[8].Medical oncologists and surgeons from the Committee of Colorectal Cancer of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology had a panel discussion on immunotherapy for patients with colorectal cancer during a seminar on June 16,2020,in Guangzhou,China.Herein,the expert opinions have been summarized along with relevant clinical evidence(Table 1)to guide real-world treatment decision-making regarding the use of ICIs in patients with CRC.
文摘目的:采用基于贝叶斯原理的网状Meta分析方法,评价针灸治疗干眼的有效性及安全性,为后续的临床应用提供循证依据。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方和维普数据库,搜集针灸及其联合疗法治疗干眼的随机对照临床试验文献,检索时限为建库至2020年11月25日。由2位评价员独立筛选文献、提取资料并对纳入的研究进行风险偏倚评估,采用Stata14.0和R4.0.3软件进行数据分析并绘制相关图形。结果:本研究共纳入71篇文献,涉及干眼患者5536例,涵盖11种不同干预措施。网状Meta分析结果显示,在治疗总有效率、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、泪液分泌试验(SIT)方面,累积排序概率图下面积值最优的干预措施是针刺+中药+人工泪液三联疗法(0.94),其总有效率(OR=12.34,95%CI[4.72,36.89])、BUT(MD=2.76,95%CI[0.16,5.40])、SIT(MD=4.76,95%CI[1.23,8.29]),均显著优于人工泪液类药物。结论:各类针灸疗法在治疗干眼方面均普遍优于人工泪液,其中针灸综合疗法疗效最佳。建议结合中医辨证及临床实际情况合理选择。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12393830)。
文摘We report on the performance improvement of long-wave infrared quantum cascade lasers(LWIR QCLs)by studying and optimizing the anti-reflection(AR)optical facet coating.Compared to the Al2O3 AR coat⁃ing,the Y_(2)O_(3)AR coating exhibits higher catastrophic optical mirror damage(COMD)level,and the optical facet coatings of both material systems have no beam steering effect.A 3-mm-long,9.5-μm-wide buried-heterostruc⁃ture(BH)LWIR QCL ofλ~8.5μm with Y_(2)O_(3)metallic high-reflection(HR)and AR of~0.2%reflectivity coating demonstrates a maximum pulsed peak power of 2.19 W at 298 K,which is 149%higher than that of the uncoated device.For continuous-wave(CW)operation,by optimizing the reflectivity of the Y_(2)O_(3)AR coating,the maximum output power reaches 0.73 W,which is 91%higher than that of the uncoated device.
