China aims to peak CO_(2)emissions before 2030 and to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060;hence,industrial sectors in China are keen to figure out appropriate pathways to support the national target of carbon neutra...China aims to peak CO_(2)emissions before 2030 and to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060;hence,industrial sectors in China are keen to figure out appropriate pathways to support the national target of carbon neutrality.The objective of this study is to explore near-zero emission pathways for the steel industry of China through a detailed technology assessment.The innovative technology development has been simulated using the AIM-China/steel model,developed by including material-based technologies and optimal cost analysis.Six scenarios have been given in terms of different levels of production output,emission reduction and carbon tax.Near-zero emission and carbon tax scenarios have shown that China's steel industry can achieve near-zero emission using electric furnaces and hydrogen-based direct reduction iron technologies with policy support.Based on these technologies,minimised production costs have been calculated,revealing that the steel produced by these technologies is cost-effective.Moreover,the feedstock cost can play a key role in these technology portfolios,especially the cost of scrap,iron ore and hydrogen.In addition,the feedstock supply can have strong regional effects and can subsequently impact the allocation of steelmaking in the future.Therefore,China can achieve near-zero emissions in the steel industry,and electric furnace and hydrogen-based direct reduction iron technologies are crucial to achieving them.展开更多
China announced its intention to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 in 2020,and there is an urgent need to understand the viability of emission pathways to reach this goal.This study presents the IPAC modelling team...China announced its intention to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 in 2020,and there is an urgent need to understand the viability of emission pathways to reach this goal.This study presents the IPAC modelling team's scenario analysis on China's hydrogen utilisation as a key option for carbon neutrality pathways.In contrast to other studies,this study examines the demand for hydrogen as a feedstock and process material in the industrial sector and as a source of energy in the transportation sector in relation to China's energy system transition.The process of manufacturing hydrogen from carbon-free power generation was also analysed.The finding indicates that the demand for hydrogen could reach 52.4 Mt by 2050 and that the hydrogen will come from renewable power generation and nuclear energy,increasing the demand for electricity by 1884.8 TW h.There are several regions in China with abundant renewable energy and low power generation costs,which will make the hydrogen-based industry competitive in these regions after 2035.展开更多
基金This work was supported by Korea Environment Industry&Technology Institute(KEITI)through Climate Change R&D Project for New Climate Regime,funded by Korea Ministry of Environment(MOE)(2022003560012).
文摘China aims to peak CO_(2)emissions before 2030 and to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060;hence,industrial sectors in China are keen to figure out appropriate pathways to support the national target of carbon neutrality.The objective of this study is to explore near-zero emission pathways for the steel industry of China through a detailed technology assessment.The innovative technology development has been simulated using the AIM-China/steel model,developed by including material-based technologies and optimal cost analysis.Six scenarios have been given in terms of different levels of production output,emission reduction and carbon tax.Near-zero emission and carbon tax scenarios have shown that China's steel industry can achieve near-zero emission using electric furnaces and hydrogen-based direct reduction iron technologies with policy support.Based on these technologies,minimised production costs have been calculated,revealing that the steel produced by these technologies is cost-effective.Moreover,the feedstock cost can play a key role in these technology portfolios,especially the cost of scrap,iron ore and hydrogen.In addition,the feedstock supply can have strong regional effects and can subsequently impact the allocation of steelmaking in the future.Therefore,China can achieve near-zero emissions in the steel industry,and electric furnace and hydrogen-based direct reduction iron technologies are crucial to achieving them.
基金supported by the Key Research Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2017YFA0605032)the National Social Science Foundation(21ZDA085).
文摘China announced its intention to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 in 2020,and there is an urgent need to understand the viability of emission pathways to reach this goal.This study presents the IPAC modelling team's scenario analysis on China's hydrogen utilisation as a key option for carbon neutrality pathways.In contrast to other studies,this study examines the demand for hydrogen as a feedstock and process material in the industrial sector and as a source of energy in the transportation sector in relation to China's energy system transition.The process of manufacturing hydrogen from carbon-free power generation was also analysed.The finding indicates that the demand for hydrogen could reach 52.4 Mt by 2050 and that the hydrogen will come from renewable power generation and nuclear energy,increasing the demand for electricity by 1884.8 TW h.There are several regions in China with abundant renewable energy and low power generation costs,which will make the hydrogen-based industry competitive in these regions after 2035.
