为评估黑水虻对餐厨垃圾资源化利用情况,研究黑水虻幼虫处理餐厨垃圾的生产性能,并分析了最佳生产性能条件下黑水虻对餐厨垃圾转化情况。结果表明:100 g 7日龄黑水虻幼虫处理3.6 kg餐厨垃圾的生产性能最佳,经8 d的转化,餐厨垃圾干物质...为评估黑水虻对餐厨垃圾资源化利用情况,研究黑水虻幼虫处理餐厨垃圾的生产性能,并分析了最佳生产性能条件下黑水虻对餐厨垃圾转化情况。结果表明:100 g 7日龄黑水虻幼虫处理3.6 kg餐厨垃圾的生产性能最佳,经8 d的转化,餐厨垃圾干物质减少率为74.0%,干物质转化率为33.9%。转化后黑水虻虫体内的粗蛋白和脂肪含量分别为45.1%和48.1%,是原餐厨垃圾中蛋白和脂肪总量的61.3%和64.0%。餐厨垃圾中61.3%的N、71.4%的K被转入黑水虻虫体,60.0%的P、50.4%的Na被转入虫粪中。虫粪pH、电导率、有机质含量较原餐厨垃圾分别提高了22.5%、32.4%和28.9%,N、P、Na的含量也显著提高了13.5%、130.0%和92.9%,K含量没有显著变化。由此可见,利用黑水虻生物转化处理餐厨垃圾是一种可行的高效率、高效益的处理方式。展开更多
Safety issue of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)such as fires and explosions is a significant challenge for their large scale applications.Considering the continuously increased battery energy density and wider large-scale...Safety issue of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)such as fires and explosions is a significant challenge for their large scale applications.Considering the continuously increased battery energy density and wider large-scale battery pack applications,the possibility of LIBs fire significantly increases.Because of the fast burning and the easy re-ignition characteristics of LIBs,achieving an efficient and prompt LIBs fire suppression is critical for minimizing the fire hazards.Different from conventional fire hazards,the LIBs fire shows complicated and comprehensive characteristics,and an effective and suitable fire-extinguishing agent particularly designed for LIBs is highly desirable.Considerable efforts have been devoted to this topic,to the best of our knowledge,a comprehensive review on this regard is still rare.Moreover,in practice,a guidance for the design and selections of a proper fire-extinguishing agent for LIBs is urgently needed.Herein,the special mechanisms and characteristics for LIBs fire and the corresponding design principles for LIBs fire-extinguishing agent were introduced.It is revealed that a fire-extinguishing agent developed for LIBs fire will most likely need a high heat capacity,high wetting,low viscosity and low electrical conductivity.After a comprehensive comparison of these agents in terms of these performances,water-based fire-extinguishing agents show best.Several typical fire-extinguishing agents such as gaseous agents,dry powders,water-based and aerosol fire-extinguishing agents were then introduced,and their fire extinguishment mechanisms were presented.Finally,their effectiveness in suppressing the fire were summarized.Water-based fire-extinguishing agents possess high cooling capacity and excellent anti-reflash performance for the fire.We believe this review could shed light on developing an efficient fire-extinguishing agent particularly designed for LIBs.展开更多
As the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) continues to increase,their safety has become a great concern for further practical large-scale applications.One of the ultimate solution of the safety issue is to...As the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) continues to increase,their safety has become a great concern for further practical large-scale applications.One of the ultimate solution of the safety issue is to develop intrinsically safe battery components,where the battery separators and liquid electrolytes are critical for the battery thermal runaway process.In this review,we summarize recent progress in the rational materials design on battery separators and liquid electrolyte towards the goal of improving the safety of LIBs.Also,some strategies for further improving safety of LIBs are also briefly outlooked.展开更多
OBJEVTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of Cyclocarya paliurus(C.paliurus)polysaccharides on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats.METHODS:Rats were divided into 6 groups,including group of normal control,...OBJEVTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of Cyclocarya paliurus(C.paliurus)polysaccharides on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats.METHODS:Rats were divided into 6 groups,including group of normal control,group of diabetic control,group of metformin treatment,low-dose group of C.paliurus polysaccharides treatment,middle-dose group of C.paliurus polysaccharides treatment and high-dose group of C.paliurus polysaccharides treatment.Histological analysis of kidney was analyzed using hematoxilin and eosin.Levels of blood glucose,creatinine,urea,uric acid were determined by spectrophotometry.Anti-oxidative enzymes were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)level was measured by ELISA.RESULTS:Abnormal changes were observed in the group of diabetic control characterized by atrophy of the renal glomeruli with hypercellularity,congestion of glomerular tufts,dilation of the renal spaces,and degeneration of renal tubule.Compared with that of normal group,blood glucose,creatinine,urea,uric acid level was significantly increased in the group of diabetic control.Superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione peroxidase,glutathione reductase level was significantly decreased,but AGEs and TGF-β1 level was significantly increased.By contrast,administration of C.paliurus polysaccharides and metformin could reverse the above-mentioned results of the group of diabetic control,especially in the high-dose group of C.paliurus polysaccharides.CONCLUSION:Our findings suggest that C.paliurus polysaccharides may play a protecting role for nephropathy of diabetic rats by lowering glucose,creatinine,urea,uric acid level,enhancing the antioxidative ability,and reducing AGEs and TGF-β1 expression.展开更多
Alfalfa(Medicago sativa.L.)is a globally significant autotetraploid legume forage crop.However,despite its importance,establishing efficient gene editing systems for cultivated alfalfa remains a formidable challenge.I...Alfalfa(Medicago sativa.L.)is a globally significant autotetraploid legume forage crop.However,despite its importance,establishing efficient gene editing systems for cultivated alfalfa remains a formidable challenge.In this study,we pioneered the development of a highly effective ultrasonic-assisted leaf disc transformation system for Gongnong 1 alfalfa,a variety widely cultivated in Northeast China.Subsequently,we created a single transcript CRISPR/Cas9(CRISPR_2.0)toolkit,incorporating multiplex gRNAs,designed for gene editing in Gongnong 1.Both Cas9 and gRNA scaffolds were under the control of the Arabidopsis ubiquitin-10 promoter,a widely employed polymeraseⅡconstitutive promoter known for strong transgene expression in dicots.To assess the toolkit’s efficiency,we targeted PALM1,a gene associated with a recognizable multifoliate phenotype.Utilizing the CRISPR_2.0 toolkit,we directed PALM1 editing at two sites in the wild-type Gongnong 1.Results indicated a 35.1%occurrence of editing events all in target 2 alleles,while no mutations were detected at target 1 in the transgenic-positive lines.To explore more efficient sgRNAs,we developed a rapid,reliable screening system based on Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation,incorporating the visible reporter MtLAP1.This screening system demonstrated that most purple visible hairy roots underwent gene editing.Notably,sgRNA3,with an 83.0%editing efficiency,was selected using the visible hairy root system.As anticipated,tetra-allelic homozygous palm1 mutations exhibited a clear multifoliate phenotype.These palm1 lines demonstrated an average crude protein yield increase of 21.5%compared to trifoliolate alfalfa.Our findings highlight the modified CRISPR_2.0 system as a highly efficient and robust gene editing tool for autotetraploid alfalfa.展开更多
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors(aGPCRs)are the second largest diverse group within the GPCR superfamily,which play critical roles in many physiological and patho-logical processes through cell-cell and cell-extra...Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors(aGPCRs)are the second largest diverse group within the GPCR superfamily,which play critical roles in many physiological and patho-logical processes through cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions.The adhesion GPCR Adgrg6,also known as GPR126,is one of the better-characterized aGPCRs.GPR126 was previously found to have critical developmental roles in Schwann cell maturation and its mediated myelination in the peripheral nervous system in both zebrafish and mammals.Current studies have extended our understanding of GPR126-mediated roles during develop-ment and in human diseases.In this review,we highlighted these recent advances in GPR126 in expression profile,molecular structure,ligand-receptor interactions,and associated physiological and pathological functions in development and diseases.展开更多
To achieve high power conversion efficiency(PCE) and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs), a hole transport layer(HTL) with persistently high conductivity, good moisture/oxygen barrier ability, and adeq...To achieve high power conversion efficiency(PCE) and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs), a hole transport layer(HTL) with persistently high conductivity, good moisture/oxygen barrier ability, and adequate passivation capability is important. To achieve enough conductivity and effective hole extraction, spiro-OMe TAD, one of the most frequently used HTL in optoelectronic devices, often needs chemical doping with a lithium compound(LiTFSI). However, the lithium salt dopant induces crystallization and has a negative impact on the performance and lifetime of the device due to its hygroscopic nature. Here, we provide an easy method for creating a gel by mixing a natural small molecule additive(thioctic acid, TA) with spiro-OMe TAD. We discover that gelation effectively improves the compactness of resultant HTL and prevents moisture and oxygen infiltration. Moreover, the gelation of HTL improves not only the conductivity of spiro-OMe TAD, but also the operational robustness of the devices in the atmospheric environment. In addition, TA passivates the perovskite defects and facilitates the charge transfer from the perovskite layer to HTL. As a consequence, the optimized PSCs based on the gelated HTL exhibit an improved PCE(22.52%) with excellent device stability.展开更多
The high variability of shock in terrorist attacks poses a threat to people's lives and properties,necessitating the development of more effective protective structures.This study focuses on the angle gradient and...The high variability of shock in terrorist attacks poses a threat to people's lives and properties,necessitating the development of more effective protective structures.This study focuses on the angle gradient and proposes four different configurations of concave hexagonal honeycomb structures.The structures'macroscopic deformation behavior,stress-strain relationship,and energy dissipation characteristics are evaluated through quasi-static compression and Hopkinson pressure bar impact experiments.The study reveals that,under varying strain rates,the structures deform starting from the weak layer and exhibit significant interlayer separation.Additionally,interlayer shear slip becomes more pronounced with increasing strain rate.In terms of quasi-static compression,symmetric gradient structures demonstrate superior energy absorption,particularly the symmetric negative gradient structure(SNG-SMS)with a specific energy absorption of 13.77 J/cm~3.For dynamic impact,unidirectional gradient structures exhibit exceptional energy absorption,particularly the unidirectional positive gradient honeycomb structure(UPG-SML)with outstanding mechanical properties.The angle gradient design plays a crucial role in determining the structure's stability and deformation mode during impact.Fewer interlayer separations result in a more pronounced negative Poisson's ratio effect and enhance the structure's energy absorption capacity.These findings provide a foundation for the rational design and selection of seismic protection structures in different strain rate impact environments.展开更多
文摘为评估黑水虻对餐厨垃圾资源化利用情况,研究黑水虻幼虫处理餐厨垃圾的生产性能,并分析了最佳生产性能条件下黑水虻对餐厨垃圾转化情况。结果表明:100 g 7日龄黑水虻幼虫处理3.6 kg餐厨垃圾的生产性能最佳,经8 d的转化,餐厨垃圾干物质减少率为74.0%,干物质转化率为33.9%。转化后黑水虻虫体内的粗蛋白和脂肪含量分别为45.1%和48.1%,是原餐厨垃圾中蛋白和脂肪总量的61.3%和64.0%。餐厨垃圾中61.3%的N、71.4%的K被转入黑水虻虫体,60.0%的P、50.4%的Na被转入虫粪中。虫粪pH、电导率、有机质含量较原餐厨垃圾分别提高了22.5%、32.4%和28.9%,N、P、Na的含量也显著提高了13.5%、130.0%和92.9%,K含量没有显著变化。由此可见,利用黑水虻生物转化处理餐厨垃圾是一种可行的高效率、高效益的处理方式。
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number 2017YFC0804700)the National Key Research and Development Program(2019YFC0810703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 51874041).
文摘Safety issue of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)such as fires and explosions is a significant challenge for their large scale applications.Considering the continuously increased battery energy density and wider large-scale battery pack applications,the possibility of LIBs fire significantly increases.Because of the fast burning and the easy re-ignition characteristics of LIBs,achieving an efficient and prompt LIBs fire suppression is critical for minimizing the fire hazards.Different from conventional fire hazards,the LIBs fire shows complicated and comprehensive characteristics,and an effective and suitable fire-extinguishing agent particularly designed for LIBs is highly desirable.Considerable efforts have been devoted to this topic,to the best of our knowledge,a comprehensive review on this regard is still rare.Moreover,in practice,a guidance for the design and selections of a proper fire-extinguishing agent for LIBs is urgently needed.Herein,the special mechanisms and characteristics for LIBs fire and the corresponding design principles for LIBs fire-extinguishing agent were introduced.It is revealed that a fire-extinguishing agent developed for LIBs fire will most likely need a high heat capacity,high wetting,low viscosity and low electrical conductivity.After a comprehensive comparison of these agents in terms of these performances,water-based fire-extinguishing agents show best.Several typical fire-extinguishing agents such as gaseous agents,dry powders,water-based and aerosol fire-extinguishing agents were then introduced,and their fire extinguishment mechanisms were presented.Finally,their effectiveness in suppressing the fire were summarized.Water-based fire-extinguishing agents possess high cooling capacity and excellent anti-reflash performance for the fire.We believe this review could shed light on developing an efficient fire-extinguishing agent particularly designed for LIBs.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program no.51874041)。
文摘As the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) continues to increase,their safety has become a great concern for further practical large-scale applications.One of the ultimate solution of the safety issue is to develop intrinsically safe battery components,where the battery separators and liquid electrolytes are critical for the battery thermal runaway process.In this review,we summarize recent progress in the rational materials design on battery separators and liquid electrolyte towards the goal of improving the safety of LIBs.Also,some strategies for further improving safety of LIBs are also briefly outlooked.
基金Supported by the by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Effect of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides on the diabetes mellitus(No.182300410123)。
文摘OBJEVTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of Cyclocarya paliurus(C.paliurus)polysaccharides on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats.METHODS:Rats were divided into 6 groups,including group of normal control,group of diabetic control,group of metformin treatment,low-dose group of C.paliurus polysaccharides treatment,middle-dose group of C.paliurus polysaccharides treatment and high-dose group of C.paliurus polysaccharides treatment.Histological analysis of kidney was analyzed using hematoxilin and eosin.Levels of blood glucose,creatinine,urea,uric acid were determined by spectrophotometry.Anti-oxidative enzymes were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)level was measured by ELISA.RESULTS:Abnormal changes were observed in the group of diabetic control characterized by atrophy of the renal glomeruli with hypercellularity,congestion of glomerular tufts,dilation of the renal spaces,and degeneration of renal tubule.Compared with that of normal group,blood glucose,creatinine,urea,uric acid level was significantly increased in the group of diabetic control.Superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione peroxidase,glutathione reductase level was significantly decreased,but AGEs and TGF-β1 level was significantly increased.By contrast,administration of C.paliurus polysaccharides and metformin could reverse the above-mentioned results of the group of diabetic control,especially in the high-dose group of C.paliurus polysaccharides.CONCLUSION:Our findings suggest that C.paliurus polysaccharides may play a protecting role for nephropathy of diabetic rats by lowering glucose,creatinine,urea,uric acid level,enhancing the antioxidative ability,and reducing AGEs and TGF-β1 expression.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA26030301)Hohhot Key R&D Project(2023-JBGSS-1),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A200206,32071864,32325035)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong(to Chunxiang Fu)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR202210270038)。
文摘Alfalfa(Medicago sativa.L.)is a globally significant autotetraploid legume forage crop.However,despite its importance,establishing efficient gene editing systems for cultivated alfalfa remains a formidable challenge.In this study,we pioneered the development of a highly effective ultrasonic-assisted leaf disc transformation system for Gongnong 1 alfalfa,a variety widely cultivated in Northeast China.Subsequently,we created a single transcript CRISPR/Cas9(CRISPR_2.0)toolkit,incorporating multiplex gRNAs,designed for gene editing in Gongnong 1.Both Cas9 and gRNA scaffolds were under the control of the Arabidopsis ubiquitin-10 promoter,a widely employed polymeraseⅡconstitutive promoter known for strong transgene expression in dicots.To assess the toolkit’s efficiency,we targeted PALM1,a gene associated with a recognizable multifoliate phenotype.Utilizing the CRISPR_2.0 toolkit,we directed PALM1 editing at two sites in the wild-type Gongnong 1.Results indicated a 35.1%occurrence of editing events all in target 2 alleles,while no mutations were detected at target 1 in the transgenic-positive lines.To explore more efficient sgRNAs,we developed a rapid,reliable screening system based on Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation,incorporating the visible reporter MtLAP1.This screening system demonstrated that most purple visible hairy roots underwent gene editing.Notably,sgRNA3,with an 83.0%editing efficiency,was selected using the visible hairy root system.As anticipated,tetra-allelic homozygous palm1 mutations exhibited a clear multifoliate phenotype.These palm1 lines demonstrated an average crude protein yield increase of 21.5%compared to trifoliolate alfalfa.Our findings highlight the modified CRISPR_2.0 system as a highly efficient and robust gene editing tool for autotetraploid alfalfa.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32200778)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20220494)+3 种基金Suzhou Medical and Health Technology Innovation Project(China)(No.SKY2022107)startup fund of Soochow University(China)(No.NH21500221,NH21500122)the Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,China(No.ND2022A04 to Qifei Cong)the Nantong Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission(China)(No.QA2021017 to Xin Chu).
文摘Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors(aGPCRs)are the second largest diverse group within the GPCR superfamily,which play critical roles in many physiological and patho-logical processes through cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions.The adhesion GPCR Adgrg6,also known as GPR126,is one of the better-characterized aGPCRs.GPR126 was previously found to have critical developmental roles in Schwann cell maturation and its mediated myelination in the peripheral nervous system in both zebrafish and mammals.Current studies have extended our understanding of GPR126-mediated roles during develop-ment and in human diseases.In this review,we highlighted these recent advances in GPR126 in expression profile,molecular structure,ligand-receptor interactions,and associated physiological and pathological functions in development and diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21975028, U21A20172 and 22011540377)the Special Key Projects (2022-JCJQ-ZD-224-12)。
文摘To achieve high power conversion efficiency(PCE) and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs), a hole transport layer(HTL) with persistently high conductivity, good moisture/oxygen barrier ability, and adequate passivation capability is important. To achieve enough conductivity and effective hole extraction, spiro-OMe TAD, one of the most frequently used HTL in optoelectronic devices, often needs chemical doping with a lithium compound(LiTFSI). However, the lithium salt dopant induces crystallization and has a negative impact on the performance and lifetime of the device due to its hygroscopic nature. Here, we provide an easy method for creating a gel by mixing a natural small molecule additive(thioctic acid, TA) with spiro-OMe TAD. We discover that gelation effectively improves the compactness of resultant HTL and prevents moisture and oxygen infiltration. Moreover, the gelation of HTL improves not only the conductivity of spiro-OMe TAD, but also the operational robustness of the devices in the atmospheric environment. In addition, TA passivates the perovskite defects and facilitates the charge transfer from the perovskite layer to HTL. As a consequence, the optimized PSCs based on the gelated HTL exhibit an improved PCE(22.52%) with excellent device stability.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,China (Grant No.52022012)National Key R&D Program for Young Scientists of China,China (Grant No.2022YFC3080900)。
文摘The high variability of shock in terrorist attacks poses a threat to people's lives and properties,necessitating the development of more effective protective structures.This study focuses on the angle gradient and proposes four different configurations of concave hexagonal honeycomb structures.The structures'macroscopic deformation behavior,stress-strain relationship,and energy dissipation characteristics are evaluated through quasi-static compression and Hopkinson pressure bar impact experiments.The study reveals that,under varying strain rates,the structures deform starting from the weak layer and exhibit significant interlayer separation.Additionally,interlayer shear slip becomes more pronounced with increasing strain rate.In terms of quasi-static compression,symmetric gradient structures demonstrate superior energy absorption,particularly the symmetric negative gradient structure(SNG-SMS)with a specific energy absorption of 13.77 J/cm~3.For dynamic impact,unidirectional gradient structures exhibit exceptional energy absorption,particularly the unidirectional positive gradient honeycomb structure(UPG-SML)with outstanding mechanical properties.The angle gradient design plays a crucial role in determining the structure's stability and deformation mode during impact.Fewer interlayer separations result in a more pronounced negative Poisson's ratio effect and enhance the structure's energy absorption capacity.These findings provide a foundation for the rational design and selection of seismic protection structures in different strain rate impact environments.
