BACKGROUND: Much evidence demonstrates that the genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) present differences in pathogenicity and outcomes owing to differences in genetic structure. This study aimed to investigate the inf...BACKGROUND: Much evidence demonstrates that the genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) present differences in pathogenicity and outcomes owing to differences in genetic structure. This study aimed to investigate the influences of HBV genotypes on the anti-viral therapeutic efficacy of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in chronic hepatitis B patients, and to determine the relationship between HBV genotypes and levels of viral replication or gene variations. METHODS: The chronic hepatitis B patients who were treated with IFN-alpha were selected randomly. Anti-viral therapeutic efficacy was monitored in these patients. The HBV genotypes were detected by PCR microplate hybridization ELISA. The levels of serum HBV-DNA were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR. HBV gene variation at pre-C and basic core promoter (BCP) regions were assayed by gene chip technology. RESULTS: Genotypes B and C were predominant in 94 chronic hepatitis B patients. A, E and F genotypes were not found in these patients. The HBV-DNA levels of genotype C and mixed genotypes were significantly higher than those of genotype B. The response to IFN-alpha in patients with genotype B was markedly better than in those with genotypes C and D, and the complete response to IFN-alpha was only observed in genotype B. The response to IFN-alpha in patients with mixed genotypes was the least sensitive. The negative transition of HBeAg was correlated with variations in the HBV pre-C and BCP regions in patients with partial or no response to IFN-alpha. The variation rates of HBV pre-C and BCP regions were clearly higher in genotype C than in genotype B. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that HBV genotype is correlated with the serum levels of HBV-DNA, HBV gene variations and therapeutic efficacy of IFN-alpha. The regular detection of HBV genotypes in the clinic will be of benefit for disease prognosis and planning of anti-viral therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)is a major type of bladder cancer with a high incidence worldwide,resulting in a great disease burden.Treatment and surveillance are the most important part of NIMBC management...Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)is a major type of bladder cancer with a high incidence worldwide,resulting in a great disease burden.Treatment and surveillance are the most important part of NIMBC management.In 2018,we issued“Treatment and surveillance for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in China:an evidencebased clinical practice guideline”.Since then,various studies on the treatment and surveillance of NMIBC have been published.There is a need to incorporate these materials and also to take into account the relatively limited medical resources in primary medical institutions in China.Developing a version of guideline which takes these two issues into account to promote the management of NMIBC is therefore indicated.We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists.Through questionnaire investigation of clinicians including primary medical institutions,24 clinically concerned issues,involving transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT),intravesical chemotherapy and intravesical immunotherapy of NMIBC,and follow-up and surveillance of the NMIBC patients,were determined for this guideline.Researches and recommendations on the management of NMIBC in databases,guideline development professional societies and monographs were referred to,and the European Association of Urology was used to assess the certainty of generated recommendations.Finally,we issued 29 statements,among which 22 were strong recommendations,and 7 were weak recommendations.These recommendations cover the topics of TURBT,postoperative chemotherapy after TURBT,Bacillus Calmette–Guérin(BCG)immunotherapy after TURBT,combination treatment of BCG and chemotherapy after TURBT,treatment of carcinoma in situ,radical cystectomy,treatment of NMIBC recurrence,and follow-up and surveillance.We hope these recommendations can help promote the treatment and surveillance of NMIBC in China,especially for the primary medical institutions.展开更多
This article integrates the hierarchical micro-mobility management and the high-speed multihop access networks （HMAN）, to accomplish the smooth handover between different access reuters. The proposed soft handover s...This article integrates the hierarchical micro-mobility management and the high-speed multihop access networks （HMAN）, to accomplish the smooth handover between different access reuters. The proposed soft handover scheme in the high-speed HMAN can solve the micro-mobility management problem in the access network. This article also proposes the hybrid access muter （AR） advertisement scheme and AR selection algorithm, which uses the time delay and stable route to the AR as the gateway selection parameters. By simulation, the proposed micro-mobility,management scheme can achieve high packet delivery fraction and improve the lifetime of network.展开更多
目的低前切除综合征(low anterior resection syndrome,LARS)评分是针对低位直肠保肛手术功能的简洁、直观的评估工具。本研究拟通过与低前切除术的对比,探讨用LARS评分来评估低位直肠癌的经内外括约肌间切除术(intersphincteric resect...目的低前切除综合征(low anterior resection syndrome,LARS)评分是针对低位直肠保肛手术功能的简洁、直观的评估工具。本研究拟通过与低前切除术的对比,探讨用LARS评分来评估低位直肠癌的经内外括约肌间切除术(intersphincteric resection,ISR)后肛门功能的可行性。方法 2013年3月至2015年6月,对76例低位直肠癌患者实施了保肛手术,其中行经内外括约肌间切除术的23例为ISR组,行低前切除术的53例为LAR组。功能评估分别采用LARS评分、Saito功能问卷和Wexner评分,生活质量评估采用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织开发的生活质量核心量表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer,EORTC)QLQ-C30和QLQ-CR29问卷。结果研究病例中48例(63.2%)出现重度LARS,21例(27.6%)出现轻度LARS,7例(9.2%)无LARS,其中ISR组与LAR组LARS严重程度的差异无统计学意义(P=0.727),但单项评分中的"稀便的遗粪现象"ISR组更为严重(P=0.009)。Saito功能问卷、Wexner评分和EORTC QLQ-C30评分2组间的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),ISR组的EORTC QLQ-CR29量表中排便失禁和皮肤灼痛2个单项得分要高于LAR组(P<0.05),其余各项评分2组间的差异也无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论低位直肠癌行经内外括约肌间切除术的肛门功能虽然并不劣于低前切除术,但是都容易出现重度的低前切除综合征。展开更多
基金This study was supported by a grant from the Scientific and Technology Bureau of Hubei Province Foundation(No.2005AA301C26).
文摘BACKGROUND: Much evidence demonstrates that the genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) present differences in pathogenicity and outcomes owing to differences in genetic structure. This study aimed to investigate the influences of HBV genotypes on the anti-viral therapeutic efficacy of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in chronic hepatitis B patients, and to determine the relationship between HBV genotypes and levels of viral replication or gene variations. METHODS: The chronic hepatitis B patients who were treated with IFN-alpha were selected randomly. Anti-viral therapeutic efficacy was monitored in these patients. The HBV genotypes were detected by PCR microplate hybridization ELISA. The levels of serum HBV-DNA were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR. HBV gene variation at pre-C and basic core promoter (BCP) regions were assayed by gene chip technology. RESULTS: Genotypes B and C were predominant in 94 chronic hepatitis B patients. A, E and F genotypes were not found in these patients. The HBV-DNA levels of genotype C and mixed genotypes were significantly higher than those of genotype B. The response to IFN-alpha in patients with genotype B was markedly better than in those with genotypes C and D, and the complete response to IFN-alpha was only observed in genotype B. The response to IFN-alpha in patients with mixed genotypes was the least sensitive. The negative transition of HBeAg was correlated with variations in the HBV pre-C and BCP regions in patients with partial or no response to IFN-alpha. The variation rates of HBV pre-C and BCP regions were clearly higher in genotype C than in genotype B. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that HBV genotype is correlated with the serum levels of HBV-DNA, HBV gene variations and therapeutic efficacy of IFN-alpha. The regular detection of HBV genotypes in the clinic will be of benefit for disease prognosis and planning of anti-viral therapeutic strategies.
基金suppor ted by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(Technology helps Economy 2020,2016YFC0106300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82174230)the Major Program Fund of Technical Innovation Project of Department of Science and Technology of Hubei Province(2016ACAl52)。
文摘Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)is a major type of bladder cancer with a high incidence worldwide,resulting in a great disease burden.Treatment and surveillance are the most important part of NIMBC management.In 2018,we issued“Treatment and surveillance for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in China:an evidencebased clinical practice guideline”.Since then,various studies on the treatment and surveillance of NMIBC have been published.There is a need to incorporate these materials and also to take into account the relatively limited medical resources in primary medical institutions in China.Developing a version of guideline which takes these two issues into account to promote the management of NMIBC is therefore indicated.We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists.Through questionnaire investigation of clinicians including primary medical institutions,24 clinically concerned issues,involving transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT),intravesical chemotherapy and intravesical immunotherapy of NMIBC,and follow-up and surveillance of the NMIBC patients,were determined for this guideline.Researches and recommendations on the management of NMIBC in databases,guideline development professional societies and monographs were referred to,and the European Association of Urology was used to assess the certainty of generated recommendations.Finally,we issued 29 statements,among which 22 were strong recommendations,and 7 were weak recommendations.These recommendations cover the topics of TURBT,postoperative chemotherapy after TURBT,Bacillus Calmette–Guérin(BCG)immunotherapy after TURBT,combination treatment of BCG and chemotherapy after TURBT,treatment of carcinoma in situ,radical cystectomy,treatment of NMIBC recurrence,and follow-up and surveillance.We hope these recommendations can help promote the treatment and surveillance of NMIBC in China,especially for the primary medical institutions.
文摘This article integrates the hierarchical micro-mobility management and the high-speed multihop access networks （HMAN）, to accomplish the smooth handover between different access reuters. The proposed soft handover scheme in the high-speed HMAN can solve the micro-mobility management problem in the access network. This article also proposes the hybrid access muter （AR） advertisement scheme and AR selection algorithm, which uses the time delay and stable route to the AR as the gateway selection parameters. By simulation, the proposed micro-mobility,management scheme can achieve high packet delivery fraction and improve the lifetime of network.
文摘目的低前切除综合征(low anterior resection syndrome,LARS)评分是针对低位直肠保肛手术功能的简洁、直观的评估工具。本研究拟通过与低前切除术的对比,探讨用LARS评分来评估低位直肠癌的经内外括约肌间切除术(intersphincteric resection,ISR)后肛门功能的可行性。方法 2013年3月至2015年6月,对76例低位直肠癌患者实施了保肛手术,其中行经内外括约肌间切除术的23例为ISR组,行低前切除术的53例为LAR组。功能评估分别采用LARS评分、Saito功能问卷和Wexner评分,生活质量评估采用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织开发的生活质量核心量表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer,EORTC)QLQ-C30和QLQ-CR29问卷。结果研究病例中48例(63.2%)出现重度LARS,21例(27.6%)出现轻度LARS,7例(9.2%)无LARS,其中ISR组与LAR组LARS严重程度的差异无统计学意义(P=0.727),但单项评分中的"稀便的遗粪现象"ISR组更为严重(P=0.009)。Saito功能问卷、Wexner评分和EORTC QLQ-C30评分2组间的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),ISR组的EORTC QLQ-CR29量表中排便失禁和皮肤灼痛2个单项得分要高于LAR组(P<0.05),其余各项评分2组间的差异也无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论低位直肠癌行经内外括约肌间切除术的肛门功能虽然并不劣于低前切除术,但是都容易出现重度的低前切除综合征。
