摘要
腾格里沙漠地处亚洲中部荒漠区和草原区的过渡地带,具有较为丰富的物种组成和复杂的植物区系。运用植物区系地理学的基本原理,在开展大量实地调查研究的基础上,参考相关植物和标本数据库及文献,对腾格里沙漠天然种子植物区系组成、地理成分进行分析。结果表明,腾格里沙漠植物区系位于中国西北植物地理区中间过渡带,属典型荒漠植物区系,由60科201属382种荒漠种子植物组成。其植物区系优势现象明显,区系植物趋向于集中在>10种的优势科内,优势科物种比例高达64.40%。区系植物分化程度较大,单种属和寡种属多达178属,占区系植物总属数的88.56%。植物区系地理成分复杂多样,植物属分布有14个分布型和9个分布变型,为中国植物属分布类型数的50.00%,其中温带成分分布属比例大,为44.78%,具有典型的温带性质;古地中海成分分布属为21.39%,对植物组成具有重要影响。植物科分布以世界分布型占优势,包含38个世界广布科,世界分布的优势科和表征科分别占到优势科和表征科总数的77.78%和40.00%,与沙漠气候严酷性相一致;热带成分涉及11个科,占区系总科数的18.33%,说明腾格里沙漠植物区系的发生具有热带亲缘性。腾格里沙漠植物区系起源古老并兼有新生进化成分,分布有原始多心皮类植物科、一定数量起源古老的孑遗成分和较多的间断分布类型,以及相当年轻和进化的科,反映出腾格里沙漠植物区系起源的复杂性。
Tengger Desert has a complex flora with a rich species composition and as it is located in the transitional zone between desert and grassland in central Asia.Based on a large number of site investigations,and reference to relevant plant and specimen databases and literature,we catalogued the spermatophytic flora and species geographical distribution categories in Tengger Desert through application of the basic principles of floristic geography.We found that the spermatophytic flora of Tengger Desert fitted in the middle transitional zone of Northwest China,and had the characteristics of a typical desert flora,including 382 natural spermatophytic species,belonging to 201 genera and 60 families.Floristic dominance was obvious in Tengger Desert where the floristic species tended to be concentrated in dominant families with more than 10 species,accounting for 64.40%of all the species.Floristic plants were highly differentiated,and there were as many as 178 genera represented by single species and oligos,accounting for 88.56%of all the genera.The Tengger desert flora contained a complex mix of genera from 14 global distribution categories and a further 9 sub-categories,including among others:cosmopolitan(40 genera),pantropic distributed(19 genera)and north temperate distributed(26 genera).The proportion of genera of temperate origin was 44.78%,which indicated the typical temperate zone characteristics of the Tengger Desert flora.Genera of paleo-mediterranean origin were also an important influence,comprising 21.39%,of the flora.The family representation was dominated by types with world distribution,including 38 globally widespread families.The proportions of globally dominant and representative families present in the Tengger Desert were 77.78%and 40.00%,respectively,which is consistent with the harsh desert climate in the region.The tropical component comprised 11 families,accounting for 18.33%of all the families,which showed that the flora of Tengger Desert has tropical links.However,the floristic origin of Tengger
作者
马全林
张锦春
李得禄
杨昊天
MA Quan-lin;ZHANG Jin-chun;LI De-lu;YANG Hao-tian(Gansu Desert Control Research Institute, Minqin National Research Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Desertification and Aeolian Sand Disaster Combating, Lanzhou 730070, China;Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China)
出处
《草业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第3期16-26,共11页
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基金
国家科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY100203)
国家自然科学基金(31860238,31660232)资助。
关键词
荒漠植物区系
优势科
表征科
区系地理成分
腾格里沙漠
desert flora
dominant family
representative family
floristic geographical composition
Tengger Desert
