The Taklimakan Desert(TD) and Gobi Desert(GD) are two of the most important dust sources in East Asia, and have important impact on energy budgets, ecosystems and water cycles at regional and even global scales. To in...The Taklimakan Desert(TD) and Gobi Desert(GD) are two of the most important dust sources in East Asia, and have important impact on energy budgets, ecosystems and water cycles at regional and even global scales. To investigate the contribution of the TD and the GD to dust concentrations in East Asia as a whole, dust emissions, transport, and deposition over the TD and the GD in different seasons from 2007 to 2011 were systematically compared, based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry(WRF-Chem). Dust emissions, uplift, and long-range transport related to these two dust source regions were markedly different due to differences in topography, elevation, thermal conditions, and atmospheric circulation. Specifically,the topography of the GD is relatively flat, and at a high elevation, and the area is under the influence of two jet streams at high altitudes, resulting in high wind speeds in the upper atmosphere. Deep convective mixing enables the descending branch of jet streams to continuously transport momentum downward to the mid-troposphere, leading to enhanced wind speeds in the lower troposphere over the GD which favors the vertical uplift of the GD dust particles. Therefore, the GD dust was very likely to be transported under the effect of strong westerly jets, and thus played the most important role in contributing to dust concentrations in East Asia. Approximately 35% and 31% of dust emitted from the GD transported to remote areas in East Asia in spring and summer, respectively. The TD has the highest dust emission capabilities in East Asia, with emissions of about 70.54 Tg yr.1 in spring, accounting for 42% of the total dust emissions in East Asia. However, the TD is located in the Tarim Basin and surrounded by mountains on three sides. Furthermore, the dominant surface wind direction is eastward and the average wind speed at high altitudes is relatively small over the TD. As a result, the TD dust particles are not easily transported outside the Tarim Basin, such that most of 展开更多
Over the past years, more cases using buccal mucosa for urethral reconstruction have been reported.(1-4) The excellent early results with this tissue led some authors to extend their indications for its use. However, ...Over the past years, more cases using buccal mucosa for urethral reconstruction have been reported.(1-4) The excellent early results with this tissue led some authors to extend their indications for its use. However, patients with complex, long-segment urethral strictures and significant scar tissue formation after the failure of previous urethroplasty, still present an operative challenge. The buccal mucosa may not be useful for the treatment of the complicated lengthy urethral strictures because of limited material. To explore the possibility of urethral reconstruction with a graft of colonic mucosa for the treatment of complicated lengthy strictures, we investigated the use of colonic mucosa as a novel substitute for urethral reconstruction in dogs with severe lengthy urethral structure.(5,6) The objects of the present study were to investigate further whether the colonic mucosal graft is an ideal substitute material, for urethral reconstruction, in place of buccal mucosal graft and their pathological characteristic after long-term exposure to urine.展开更多
East Asian dust（EAD） exerts considerable impacts on the energy balance and climate/climate change of the earth system through its influence on solar and terrestrial radiation, cloud properties, and precipitation eff...East Asian dust（EAD） exerts considerable impacts on the energy balance and climate/climate change of the earth system through its influence on solar and terrestrial radiation, cloud properties, and precipitation efficiency. Providing an accurate description of the life cycle and climate effects of EAD is therefore critical to better understanding of climate change and socioeconomic development in East Asia and even worldwide. Dust modeling has undergone substantial development since the late 1990 s, associated with improved understanding of the role of EAD in the earth system. Here, we review the achievements and progress made in recent decades in terms of dust modeling research,including dust emissions, long-range transport, radiative forcing（RF）, and climate effects of dust particles over East Asia. Numerous efforts in dust/EAD modeling have been directed towards furnishing more sophisticated physical and chemical processes into the models on higher spatial resolutions. Meanwhile, more systematic observations and more advanced retrieval methods for instruments that address EAD related science issues have made it possible to evaluate model results and quantify the role of EAD in the earth system, and to further reduce the uncertainties in EAD simulations. Though much progress has been made, large discrepancies and knowledge gaps still exist among EAD simulations. The deficiencies and limitations that pertain to the performance of the EAD simulations referred to in the present study are also discussed.展开更多
Shape- and composition-controlled synthesis of platinum-based nanocrystals （NCs） is critical for the development of electrocatalysts that have high activity toward the methanol oxidation reaction （MOR） in direct m...Shape- and composition-controlled synthesis of platinum-based nanocrystals （NCs） is critical for the development of electrocatalysts that have high activity toward the methanol oxidation reaction （MOR） in direct methanol fuel cells （DMFCs）. We report one-pot surfactant-free synthesis of interconnected PtgsCo5 nanowires （NWs） via an oriented attachment process, which has distinct advantages over conventional template- and surfactant-assisted approaches. Enhanced electrochemical activities toward MOR were confirmed through comparison with pure Pt NWs and commercial Pt/C catalyst. Pt95Co5 NWs demonstrated the highest current density during the long-term stability test. These results reveal that the introduction of the 3d-transition metal Co can reduce the catalyst cost and contribute to the improvement of electrochemical performance. The integrated design of interconnected NW structure, bimetallic composition, and clean surfaces in the present system may open a new way to the development of excellent electrocatalysts in DMFCs.展开更多
Background: The foundation of this acupuncture model is to solve the lack of experimental teaching model and student’s inadequate ability to identify acupoints in the teaching of acupuncture and moxibustion in tradit...Background: The foundation of this acupuncture model is to solve the lack of experimental teaching model and student’s inadequate ability to identify acupoints in the teaching of acupuncture and moxibustion in traditional Chinese medicine. Methods: In this model we use modern materials to simulate human arms and combination with electronic engineering to create a “Modern Version of Acupuncture Man” and select 2015 undergraduates of Traditional Chinese Medicine School in Jinan University as the research object, to divide those students into two teaching mode which is using acupuncture models or not, to compare their mastery of the acupoint names and position. Results: After the three times different mode teaching and have a test, the average score of using models group was much higher than traditional teaching mode groups (p < 0.05). And all the students expressed that using the model teaching and investigation could better grasp the location and depth of acupoints and enhance their ability of identifying acupoints. Conclusions: The acupuncture models beneficial to the training the acupuncture of Traditional Chinese Medicine students, and also it can make the theory of acupuncture more “Standardization” and “Visualization”.展开更多
The near Iznear temperature dependence of the thermopower in magnetic amorphous FeMnB alloys over a wide temperature range-is reported.It is due to the weakened magnetic extra contribution to the thermopower when enou...The near Iznear temperature dependence of the thermopower in magnetic amorphous FeMnB alloys over a wide temperature range-is reported.It is due to the weakened magnetic extra contribution to the thermopower when enough Fe atoms were replaced by Mn whose contribution is opposite to that of the host.In this situation,using a two-component model、as an extreme simpticatzon of the Feber-Zzman theory of liquid metal,it is able to explain the composition dependence of the thermopower.展开更多
The semiconductor-superconductor con tact system of Ge/Y-Ba-Cu-O(YBCO)/SrTiO_(3) has been successfully fabricated by two steps of deposition.The YBCO film in the contact of Ge/YBCO did not lose its superconductivity a...The semiconductor-superconductor con tact system of Ge/Y-Ba-Cu-O(YBCO)/SrTiO_(3) has been successfully fabricated by two steps of deposition.The YBCO film in the contact of Ge/YBCO did not lose its superconductivity and its T_(c)(on set)did not degrade as well.The top layer of Ge was polycrystalline with preferred orientation corresponding to the epitaxial structure of the underlayer of YBCO.展开更多
Using magnetic decoration technique,the distribution of magnetic flux in power-melting-processed Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor has been studied in an applied field of 200G at 64K.The decoration patterns indicate that twin ...Using magnetic decoration technique,the distribution of magnetic flux in power-melting-processed Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor has been studied in an applied field of 200G at 64K.The decoration patterns indicate that twin boundaries act as strong flux pinning sites and the nonsuperconducting Y_(2)BaCuO_(5)(211)inclusions provide pinning sites in their vicinity by inducing lattice distortion.Chain-like vortex distribution,distorted hexagonal flux line lattice and anisotropic vortices have been observed.展开更多
The thermoelectric power in amorphous(Fe_(1)-_(x)T_(x))_(84)B_(16) alloys,where T stands for V,Nb,Ta and x ranges from 0 to 0.08,is measured in the temperature range 77-350K.The results can be qualitatively understood...The thermoelectric power in amorphous(Fe_(1)-_(x)T_(x))_(84)B_(16) alloys,where T stands for V,Nb,Ta and x ranges from 0 to 0.08,is measured in the temperature range 77-350K.The results can be qualitatively understood using Mott s-d scattering model or Herzer's theory on the assumption of the occurrence of a virtual bound state near Fermi level.The differences between FeVB,FeNbB and FeTaB systems confirm the existence of a period effect in these alloys.展开更多
Thermoelectric power measurements are reported for amorphous Nd_(0.06)Fe_(0.94)AND Nd_(0.04)Fe_(0.94)B^(0.02)films.They provide the first examples which show that the thermoelectric power in magnetic glasses,contrary ...Thermoelectric power measurements are reported for amorphous Nd_(0.06)Fe_(0.94)AND Nd_(0.04)Fe_(0.94)B^(0.02)films.They provide the first examples which show that the thermoelectric power in magnetic glasses,contrary to the popular results,can be positive and non-linear,exhibiting a broad peak,as temperature varies.展开更多
The thermoelectric power S of a superconducting Bi_(2)Sr_(2)Ca_(2)O_(x) crystal has been measured from 1TK to 290K,and obvious anisotropy has been observed.The values of S in a-b plane are negative and small,and S in ...The thermoelectric power S of a superconducting Bi_(2)Sr_(2)Ca_(2)O_(x) crystal has been measured from 1TK to 290K,and obvious anisotropy has been observed.The values of S in a-b plane are negative and small,and S in c-axis are positive.If the semiconductorlike behavior of R(T)is intrinsic in c direction,supposing the existence of metallic links between Cu-O planes caused by defects in crystal,the behaviors of S(T)and R(T)in c direction of our sample could be understood.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41405003)Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41521004)+1 种基金the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (Grant No. B 13045)the Foundation of Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education in Lanzhou University
文摘The Taklimakan Desert(TD) and Gobi Desert(GD) are two of the most important dust sources in East Asia, and have important impact on energy budgets, ecosystems and water cycles at regional and even global scales. To investigate the contribution of the TD and the GD to dust concentrations in East Asia as a whole, dust emissions, transport, and deposition over the TD and the GD in different seasons from 2007 to 2011 were systematically compared, based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry(WRF-Chem). Dust emissions, uplift, and long-range transport related to these two dust source regions were markedly different due to differences in topography, elevation, thermal conditions, and atmospheric circulation. Specifically,the topography of the GD is relatively flat, and at a high elevation, and the area is under the influence of two jet streams at high altitudes, resulting in high wind speeds in the upper atmosphere. Deep convective mixing enables the descending branch of jet streams to continuously transport momentum downward to the mid-troposphere, leading to enhanced wind speeds in the lower troposphere over the GD which favors the vertical uplift of the GD dust particles. Therefore, the GD dust was very likely to be transported under the effect of strong westerly jets, and thus played the most important role in contributing to dust concentrations in East Asia. Approximately 35% and 31% of dust emitted from the GD transported to remote areas in East Asia in spring and summer, respectively. The TD has the highest dust emission capabilities in East Asia, with emissions of about 70.54 Tg yr.1 in spring, accounting for 42% of the total dust emissions in East Asia. However, the TD is located in the Tarim Basin and surrounded by mountains on three sides. Furthermore, the dominant surface wind direction is eastward and the average wind speed at high altitudes is relatively small over the TD. As a result, the TD dust particles are not easily transported outside the Tarim Basin, such that most of
文摘Over the past years, more cases using buccal mucosa for urethral reconstruction have been reported.(1-4) The excellent early results with this tissue led some authors to extend their indications for its use. However, patients with complex, long-segment urethral strictures and significant scar tissue formation after the failure of previous urethroplasty, still present an operative challenge. The buccal mucosa may not be useful for the treatment of the complicated lengthy urethral strictures because of limited material. To explore the possibility of urethral reconstruction with a graft of colonic mucosa for the treatment of complicated lengthy strictures, we investigated the use of colonic mucosa as a novel substitute for urethral reconstruction in dogs with severe lengthy urethral structure.(5,6) The objects of the present study were to investigate further whether the colonic mucosal graft is an ideal substitute material, for urethral reconstruction, in place of buccal mucosal graft and their pathological characteristic after long-term exposure to urine.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41405003 and 41521004)supported by the Office of Science,U.S.Department of Energy(DOE),as part of its Regional and Global Climate Modeling ProgramThe Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the DOE by the Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830
文摘East Asian dust（EAD） exerts considerable impacts on the energy balance and climate/climate change of the earth system through its influence on solar and terrestrial radiation, cloud properties, and precipitation efficiency. Providing an accurate description of the life cycle and climate effects of EAD is therefore critical to better understanding of climate change and socioeconomic development in East Asia and even worldwide. Dust modeling has undergone substantial development since the late 1990 s, associated with improved understanding of the role of EAD in the earth system. Here, we review the achievements and progress made in recent decades in terms of dust modeling research,including dust emissions, long-range transport, radiative forcing（RF）, and climate effects of dust particles over East Asia. Numerous efforts in dust/EAD modeling have been directed towards furnishing more sophisticated physical and chemical processes into the models on higher spatial resolutions. Meanwhile, more systematic observations and more advanced retrieval methods for instruments that address EAD related science issues have made it possible to evaluate model results and quantify the role of EAD in the earth system, and to further reduce the uncertainties in EAD simulations. Though much progress has been made, large discrepancies and knowledge gaps still exist among EAD simulations. The deficiencies and limitations that pertain to the performance of the EAD simulations referred to in the present study are also discussed.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the finandal support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 21435005 and 21627808）, the Development Project of Science and Technology of Jilin Province （No. 20170101195JC）, and Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences （No. QYZDY-SSW-SLH019）.
文摘Shape- and composition-controlled synthesis of platinum-based nanocrystals （NCs） is critical for the development of electrocatalysts that have high activity toward the methanol oxidation reaction （MOR） in direct methanol fuel cells （DMFCs）. We report one-pot surfactant-free synthesis of interconnected PtgsCo5 nanowires （NWs） via an oriented attachment process, which has distinct advantages over conventional template- and surfactant-assisted approaches. Enhanced electrochemical activities toward MOR were confirmed through comparison with pure Pt NWs and commercial Pt/C catalyst. Pt95Co5 NWs demonstrated the highest current density during the long-term stability test. These results reveal that the introduction of the 3d-transition metal Co can reduce the catalyst cost and contribute to the improvement of electrochemical performance. The integrated design of interconnected NW structure, bimetallic composition, and clean surfaces in the present system may open a new way to the development of excellent electrocatalysts in DMFCs.
文摘Background: The foundation of this acupuncture model is to solve the lack of experimental teaching model and student’s inadequate ability to identify acupoints in the teaching of acupuncture and moxibustion in traditional Chinese medicine. Methods: In this model we use modern materials to simulate human arms and combination with electronic engineering to create a “Modern Version of Acupuncture Man” and select 2015 undergraduates of Traditional Chinese Medicine School in Jinan University as the research object, to divide those students into two teaching mode which is using acupuncture models or not, to compare their mastery of the acupoint names and position. Results: After the three times different mode teaching and have a test, the average score of using models group was much higher than traditional teaching mode groups (p < 0.05). And all the students expressed that using the model teaching and investigation could better grasp the location and depth of acupoints and enhance their ability of identifying acupoints. Conclusions: The acupuncture models beneficial to the training the acupuncture of Traditional Chinese Medicine students, and also it can make the theory of acupuncture more “Standardization” and “Visualization”.
基金supported by the Science Fund of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘The near Iznear temperature dependence of the thermopower in magnetic amorphous FeMnB alloys over a wide temperature range-is reported.It is due to the weakened magnetic extra contribution to the thermopower when enough Fe atoms were replaced by Mn whose contribution is opposite to that of the host.In this situation,using a two-component model、as an extreme simpticatzon of the Feber-Zzman theory of liquid metal,it is able to explain the composition dependence of the thermopower.
基金Supported by the National Center for Research&Development on SuperconductivityBeijing Zhongguancun Associated Center of Analysis and Measurement.
文摘The semiconductor-superconductor con tact system of Ge/Y-Ba-Cu-O(YBCO)/SrTiO_(3) has been successfully fabricated by two steps of deposition.The YBCO film in the contact of Ge/YBCO did not lose its superconductivity and its T_(c)(on set)did not degrade as well.The top layer of Ge was polycrystalline with preferred orientation corresponding to the epitaxial structure of the underlayer of YBCO.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Chinese National Center for R&D on Superconductivity.
文摘Using magnetic decoration technique,the distribution of magnetic flux in power-melting-processed Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor has been studied in an applied field of 200G at 64K.The decoration patterns indicate that twin boundaries act as strong flux pinning sites and the nonsuperconducting Y_(2)BaCuO_(5)(211)inclusions provide pinning sites in their vicinity by inducing lattice distortion.Chain-like vortex distribution,distorted hexagonal flux line lattice and anisotropic vortices have been observed.
基金project supported by the National Science Foundation of China。
文摘The thermoelectric power in amorphous(Fe_(1)-_(x)T_(x))_(84)B_(16) alloys,where T stands for V,Nb,Ta and x ranges from 0 to 0.08,is measured in the temperature range 77-350K.The results can be qualitatively understood using Mott s-d scattering model or Herzer's theory on the assumption of the occurrence of a virtual bound state near Fermi level.The differences between FeVB,FeNbB and FeTaB systems confirm the existence of a period effect in these alloys.
基金the Science Fund of the Chinese Academy of Science。
文摘Thermoelectric power measurements are reported for amorphous Nd_(0.06)Fe_(0.94)AND Nd_(0.04)Fe_(0.94)B^(0.02)films.They provide the first examples which show that the thermoelectric power in magnetic glasses,contrary to the popular results,can be positive and non-linear,exhibiting a broad peak,as temperature varies.
基金Project supported by Natural Science Fundation of China.
文摘The thermoelectric power S of a superconducting Bi_(2)Sr_(2)Ca_(2)O_(x) crystal has been measured from 1TK to 290K,and obvious anisotropy has been observed.The values of S in a-b plane are negative and small,and S in c-axis are positive.If the semiconductorlike behavior of R(T)is intrinsic in c direction,supposing the existence of metallic links between Cu-O planes caused by defects in crystal,the behaviors of S(T)and R(T)in c direction of our sample could be understood.
