Non-alcohol-associated fatty liver/steatohepatitis(NAFL/NASH)has become the leading cause of liver disease worldwide.NASH,an advanced form of NAFL,can be progressive and more susceptible to developing cirrhosis and he...Non-alcohol-associated fatty liver/steatohepatitis(NAFL/NASH)has become the leading cause of liver disease worldwide.NASH,an advanced form of NAFL,can be progressive and more susceptible to developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Currently,lifestyle interventions are the most essential and effective strategies for preventing and controlling NAFL without the development of fibrosis.While there are stll limited appropriate drugs specifically to treat NAFL/NASH,growing progress is being seen in elucidating the pathogenesis and identifying therapeutic targets.In this review,we discussed recent developments in etiology and prospective therapeutic targets,as well as pharmacological candidates in pre/clinical trials and patents,with a focus on diabetes,hepatic lipid metabolism,inflammation,and fibrosis.Importantly,growing evidence elucidates that the disruption of the gut-liver axis and microbederived metabolites drive the pathogenesis of NAFL/NASH.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)act as a signaling mediator,resulting in lipid accumulation,macrophage and hepatic stellate cell activation,further promoting inflammation and liver fibrosis progression during the development of NAFL/NASH.Targeting gut microbiota or EVs may serve as new strategies for the treatment of NAFL/NASH.Finally,other mechanisms,such as cell therapy and genetic approaches,also have enormous therapeutic potential.Incorporating drugs with different mechanisms and personalized medicine may improve the efficacy to better benefit patients with NAFL/NASH.展开更多
Recent progress in the study of the UHP metamorphic belt in southwestern Tianshan,China,is summarized in this paper.This about 80-km-long and over 10-km-wide UHP belt has been recognized by the discovery of coesite,co...Recent progress in the study of the UHP metamorphic belt in southwestern Tianshan,China,is summarized in this paper.This about 80-km-long and over 10-km-wide UHP belt has been recognized by the discovery of coesite,coesite pseudomorphs and other UHP minerals.It is the largest oceanic-type UHP metamorphic belt reported so far.It has formed due to northward subduction of the Tianshan Paleo-Ocean.U-Pb dating of metamorphic rims of zircons from a coesite-bearing garnet-phengite schist yields a peak UHP metamorphic ages of 320±3.7 Ma.Combined with ages of 233–226 Ma obtained from rims of zircons from retrograded eclogites,a long retrograde metamorphic evolution(>70 Ma)has been revealed.According to phase equilibria modeling,the P-T paths of both coesite-bearing eclogites and garnet-phengite schists are characterized by thermal relaxation,i.e.,the metamorphic temperature peak lags behind the pressure peak,indicating that the UHP rocks experienced slow and long heating and decompression during exhumation in the subduction channel.On the basis of the field observation that a small amount of eclogite lenses is wrapped in large volumes of metapelites,and the similar P-T paths of both rock types,we propose that the exhumation of the UHP eclogites from southwestern Tianshan,China,may have resulted from the exhumation of large volumes of low-density metapelites,which carried the denser eclogites to the Earth’s surface.展开更多
The middle segment of the northern margin of the North China Craton （NCC） consists mainly of metamorphosed Archean Dantazi Complex, Paleoproterozoic Hongqiyingzi Complex and unmetamorphosed gabbro-anorthosite-meta-a...The middle segment of the northern margin of the North China Craton （NCC） consists mainly of metamorphosed Archean Dantazi Complex, Paleoproterozoic Hongqiyingzi Complex and unmetamorphosed gabbro-anorthosite-meta-alkaline granite, as well as metamorphosed Late Paleozoic mafic to granitoid rocks in the Damiao-Changshaoying area. The -2.49 Ga Dantazi Complex comprises dioritic-trondhjemitic-granodoritic-monzogranitic gneisses metamorphosed in amphibolite to granulite facies. Petrochemical characteristics reveal that most of the rocks belong to a medium- to high-potassium calc-alkaline series, and display Mg^# less than 40, right-declined REE patterns with no to obviously positive Eu anomalies, evidently negative Th, Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies in primitive mantlenormalized spider diagrams, εNd（t）=＋0.65 to -0.03, and depleted mantle model ages TDM=2.78-2.71 Ga. Study in petrogenesis indicates that the rocks were formed from magmatic mixing between mafic magma from the depleted mantle and granitoid magma from partial melting of recycled crustal mafic rocks in a continental margin setting. The 2.44-2.41 Ga Hongqiyingzi Complex is dominated by metamorphic mafic-granodioritic-monzogranitic gneisses, displaying similar petrochemical features to the Dantazi Complex, namely medium to high potassium calc-alkaline series, and the mafic rocks show evident change in LILEs, negative Th, Nb, Ta, Zr anomalies and positive P anomalies. And the other granitiod samples also exhibit negative Th, Nb, Ta, P and Ti anomalies. All rocks in the Hongqiyingzi Complex show right-declined REE patterns without Eu anomaly. The metamorphic mafic rocks with εNd（t） = -1.64 may not be an identical magmatic evolution series with granitoids that have εNd（t） values of ＋3.19 to ＋1.94 and TDM ages of 2.55-2.52 Ga. These granitic rocks originated from hybrid between mafic magma from the depleted mantle and magma from partial melting of juvenile crustal mafic rocks in an island arc setting. All the -311 Ma Late Paleozoic metamorphic 展开更多
Climate change is recognized to increase the frequency and severity of extreme temperature events. At flowering and grain filling stages, risk of high temperature stress （HTS） on rice might increase, and lead to dec...Climate change is recognized to increase the frequency and severity of extreme temperature events. At flowering and grain filling stages, risk of high temperature stress （HTS） on rice might increase, and lead to declining grain yields. A regulated cabinet experiment was carried out to investigate effects of high temperature stress on rice growth at flowering and grain- filling stages. Results showed that no obvious decrease pattern in net photosynthesis appeared along with the temperature rising, but the dry matter allocation in leaf, leaf sheath, culm, and panicle all changed. Dry weight of panicle decreased, and ratio of straw to total above ground crop dry weight increased 6-34% from CK, which might have great effects on carbon cycling and green house gas emission. Grain yield decreased significantly across all treatments on average from 15 to 73%. Occurrence of HTS at flowering stage showed more serious influence on grain yield than at grain filling stage. High temperature stress showed negative effects on harvest index. It might be helpful to provide valuable information for crop simulation models to capture the effects of high temperature stress on rice, and evaluate the high temperature risk.展开更多
Carbonate cement is the most abundant cement type in the Fourth Member of the Xujiahe Formation in the Xiaoquan-Fenggu area of the West Sichuan Depression. Here we use a systematic analysis of carbonate cement petrolo...Carbonate cement is the most abundant cement type in the Fourth Member of the Xujiahe Formation in the Xiaoquan-Fenggu area of the West Sichuan Depression. Here we use a systematic analysis of carbonate cement petrology, mineralogy, carbon and oxygen isotope ratios and enclosure homogenization temperatures to study the precipitation mechanism, pore fluid evolu- tion, and distribution of different types of carbonate cement in reservoir sand in the study area. Crystalline calcite has relatively heavy carbon and oxygen isotope ratios （δ13C = 2.14%o, 8180 = -5.77‰）, and was precipitated early. It was precipitated di- rectly from supersaturated alkaline fluid under normal temperature and pressure conditions. At the time of precipitation, the fluid oxygen isotope ratio was very light, mainly showing the characteristics of a mixed meteoric water-seawater fluid（ δ180 = -3‰）, which shows that the fluid during precipitation was influenced by both meteoric water and seawater. The calcite cement that fills in the secondary pores has relatively lighter carbon and oxygen isotope ratios （δ13C = -2.36%0, 8180 = -15.68‰）. This cement was precipitated late, mainly during the Middle and Late Jurassic. An important material source for this carbonate cement was the feldspar corrosion process that involved organic matter. The Ca2＋, Fe3＋ and Mg2＋ ions released by the clay mineral transformation process were also important source materials. Because of water-rock interactions during the buri- al process, the oxygen isotope ratio of the fluid significantly increased during precipitation, by about 3‰. The dolomite ce- ments in calcarenaceous sandstone that was precipitated during the Middle Jurassic have heavier carbon and oxygen isotope ratios, which are similar to those of carbonate debris in the sandstone （δ13C = 1.93%o, δ180 = -6.11‰）, demonstrating that the two are from the same source that had a heavier oxygen isotope ratio （δ180 of about 2.2‰）. The differences in fluid oxygen isotope ratio展开更多
High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits（HMW-GSs） play a critical role in determining the viscoelastic properties of wheat dough. The HMW-GSs are encoded by Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci on the long arms of chromos...High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits（HMW-GSs） play a critical role in determining the viscoelastic properties of wheat dough. The HMW-GSs are encoded by Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci on the long arms of chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 1D, respectively. In the present study, four near-isogenic lines with different HMW-GS deletions and compositions at the Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 loci in Yangmai 18 background were used for quality analysis. Deletion in Glu-D1 showed much weaker gluten quality and dough strength than null Glu-A1 genotype and wild genotype（WT）, based on the measurements of sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS）-sedimentation, lactic acid solvent retention capacity（SRC）, gluten index, development time, stability time, and alveograph P and L values. The deletion of Glu-D1 did not significantly affect grain hardness, grain protein content, water SRC, sodium carbonate SRC, and sucrose SRC. Double null genotype in Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 and single null genotype in Glu-D1 showed significantly higher cookie diameter, crispness, and lower cookie height compared with single null genotype in Glu-A1 and WT. These indicate that the null Glu-D1 genotype is useful for improvement of biscuit quality, and use of this germplasm would be a viable strategy to develop new wheat varieties for biscuit processing.展开更多
Additive manufacturing based on liquid resin curing is one of the most promising methods to construct delicate structures.However,precision and speed are limited by the vertical adhesion of in situ cured resin at the ...Additive manufacturing based on liquid resin curing is one of the most promising methods to construct delicate structures.However,precision and speed are limited by the vertical adhesion of in situ cured resin at the curing interface.To overcome the unavoidable adhesion and to develop a general curing interface,we propose a slippery surface taking inspiration of the peristome surface of the pitcher plant.Such surface shows ultra-low adhesive energy at the curing interface due to the inhibition of the direct contact between the cured resin and the solid surface,which also increases the reflling speed of liquid resin.Tis ultra-low adhesive energy interface is efective for continuous 3D printing and provides insights into the physical mechanisms in reducing vertical solid-solid interfacial adhesion.展开更多
Background Rupture of unstable plaque with subsequent thrombus formation is the common pathophysiological substrate of acute coronary syndrome （ACS）. It is of potential significance to explore the blood indexes pred...Background Rupture of unstable plaque with subsequent thrombus formation is the common pathophysiological substrate of acute coronary syndrome （ACS）. It is of potential significance to explore the blood indexes predicting plaque characteristics. We investigated the relationship among soluble CD105, hypersensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）, and coronary plaque morphology.Methods A clinical study from April 2004 to December 2006 was conducted in 130 patients who were divided into 3 groups： 56 patients （43.1%） in stable angina （SA） group, 52 patients （40.0%） in unstable angina （UA） group and 22 patients （16.9%） in acute myocardial infarction group. The concentrations of soluble CD105 and hs-CRP were measured in all of the patients by cardioangiography （CAG）. Plasma samples of arterial blood were collected prior to the procedure. The levels of soluble CD105 and hs-CRP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）.Results Unstable and ruptured plaque was found more frequently in patients with acute myocardial infarction and UA. External elastic membrane cross-sectional area （EEM CSA）, plaque area, lipid pool area and plaque burden were significantly larger in the ruptured and unstable plaque group. Positive remodeling, thinner fabric-cap, smaller minimal lumen cross-sectional area （MLA）, dissection and thrombus were significantly more frequent in the ruptured and unstable plaque group. Remodeling index （RI） was positively correlated with the levels of soluble CD105 in the UA group （r=0.628, P〈0.01） and the acute myocardial infarction group （r=0.639, P〈0.01）. The levels of soluble CD105 and hs-CRP were higher in the ruptured plaque group. Soluble CD105 〉4.3 ng/ml was used to predict ruptured plaque with a receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve area of 0.77 （95% confidence interval （CI）, 66.8%-87.2%）, a sensitivity of 72.8%, a specificity of 78.0% and an accuracy of 70.2% （P〈0.01）, similarly for hs-CRP 〉 5.0 mg/ml w展开更多
The irrigation method used in winter wheat fields affects micro-environment factors, such as relative humidity（RH） within canopy, soil temperature, topsoil bulk density, soil matric potential, and soil nutrients, an...The irrigation method used in winter wheat fields affects micro-environment factors, such as relative humidity（RH） within canopy, soil temperature, topsoil bulk density, soil matric potential, and soil nutrients, and these changes may affect plant root growth.An experiment was carried out to explore the effects of irrigation method on micro-environments and root distribution in a winter wheat field in the 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 growing seasons.The results showed that border irrigation（BI）, sprinkler irrigation（SI）, and surface drip irrigation（SDI） had no significant effects on soil temperature.Topsoil bulk density, RH within the canopy, soil available N distribution, and soil matric potential were significantly affected by the three treatments.The change in soil matric potential was the key reason for the altered root profile distribution patterns.Additionally, more fine roots were produced in the BI treatment when soil water content was low and topsoil bulk density was high.Root growth was most stimulated in the top soil layers and inhibited in the deep layers in the SDI treatment, followed by SI and BI, which was due to the different water application frequencies.As a result, the root profile distribution differed, depending on the irrigation method used.The root distribution pattern changes could be described by the power level variation in the exponential function.A good knowledge of root distribution patterns is important when attempting to model water and nutrient movements and when studying soil-plant interactions.展开更多
OBJECTIVES:Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) technology was used to study changes to the resting state blood flow in the brains of patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA) before and after treatment with moxib...OBJECTIVES:Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) technology was used to study changes to the resting state blood flow in the brains of patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA) before and after treatment with moxibustion at the acupoint of the left Dubi(ST 35) and to probe the cerebral mechanism underlying the effect of moxibustion.METHODS:The resting state brain function of 30 patients with left KOA was scanned with fMRI before and after treatment with moxibustion.The analytic methods of fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation(fALFF) and regional homogeneity(ReHo) were used to observe changes in resting state brain function.RESULTS:The fALFF values of the right cerebrum,extra-nucleus,left cerebellum,left cerebrum and white matter of patients after moxibustion treatment were higher than before treatment,and the fALFF values of the precentral gyrus,frontal lobe and occipital lobe were lower than before treatment(P<0.05,K≥85).The ReHo values of the thalamus,extra-nucleus and parietal lobe of patients were much higher than those before moxibustion treatment,and the ReHo values of the right cerebrum,left cerebrum and frontal lobe were lower than before treatment(P<0.05,K≥85).CONCLUSION:The influence of moxibustion on obvious changes in brain regions basically conforms to the way that pain and warmth is transmitted in the body,and the activation of sensitive systems in the body may be objective evidence of channel transmission.The regulation of brain function by moxibustion is not in a single brain region but rather in a network of many brain regions.展开更多
The dynamic viscosity of Al-Yb and Al-Ni-Yb superheated melts was measured using a torsional oscillation viscometer. The results show that the temperature dependence of viscosity fits the Arrhenius law well and the fi...The dynamic viscosity of Al-Yb and Al-Ni-Yb superheated melts was measured using a torsional oscillation viscometer. The results show that the temperature dependence of viscosity fits the Arrhenius law well and the fitting factors are calculated. The amorphous ribbons of these alloys were produced by the melt spinning technique and the thermal properties were characterized by using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). E (the activation energy for viscous flow), which reflects the change rate of viscosity, has a good negative relation with the GFA in both Al-Yb and Al-Ni-Yb systems. However, there is no direct relation between liquidus viscosity (ηL) and GFA. The superheated fragility M can predict GFA in Al-Yb or Al-Ni-Yb alloy system.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(81991525)Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(2020CXGC010503)This work was also supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health(R00AA026648 to K.L.P.).
文摘Non-alcohol-associated fatty liver/steatohepatitis(NAFL/NASH)has become the leading cause of liver disease worldwide.NASH,an advanced form of NAFL,can be progressive and more susceptible to developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Currently,lifestyle interventions are the most essential and effective strategies for preventing and controlling NAFL without the development of fibrosis.While there are stll limited appropriate drugs specifically to treat NAFL/NASH,growing progress is being seen in elucidating the pathogenesis and identifying therapeutic targets.In this review,we discussed recent developments in etiology and prospective therapeutic targets,as well as pharmacological candidates in pre/clinical trials and patents,with a focus on diabetes,hepatic lipid metabolism,inflammation,and fibrosis.Importantly,growing evidence elucidates that the disruption of the gut-liver axis and microbederived metabolites drive the pathogenesis of NAFL/NASH.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)act as a signaling mediator,resulting in lipid accumulation,macrophage and hepatic stellate cell activation,further promoting inflammation and liver fibrosis progression during the development of NAFL/NASH.Targeting gut microbiota or EVs may serve as new strategies for the treatment of NAFL/NASH.Finally,other mechanisms,such as cell therapy and genetic approaches,also have enormous therapeutic potential.Incorporating drugs with different mechanisms and personalized medicine may improve the efficacy to better benefit patients with NAFL/NASH.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB825007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41121062 and41272069)
文摘Recent progress in the study of the UHP metamorphic belt in southwestern Tianshan,China,is summarized in this paper.This about 80-km-long and over 10-km-wide UHP belt has been recognized by the discovery of coesite,coesite pseudomorphs and other UHP minerals.It is the largest oceanic-type UHP metamorphic belt reported so far.It has formed due to northward subduction of the Tianshan Paleo-Ocean.U-Pb dating of metamorphic rims of zircons from a coesite-bearing garnet-phengite schist yields a peak UHP metamorphic ages of 320±3.7 Ma.Combined with ages of 233–226 Ma obtained from rims of zircons from retrograded eclogites,a long retrograde metamorphic evolution(>70 Ma)has been revealed.According to phase equilibria modeling,the P-T paths of both coesite-bearing eclogites and garnet-phengite schists are characterized by thermal relaxation,i.e.,the metamorphic temperature peak lags behind the pressure peak,indicating that the UHP rocks experienced slow and long heating and decompression during exhumation in the subduction channel.On the basis of the field observation that a small amount of eclogite lenses is wrapped in large volumes of metapelites,and the similar P-T paths of both rock types,we propose that the exhumation of the UHP eclogites from southwestern Tianshan,China,may have resulted from the exhumation of large volumes of low-density metapelites,which carried the denser eclogites to the Earth’s surface.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No： 40472096, 40412012035, 40511140503, 40502009 and 40472118）.
文摘The middle segment of the northern margin of the North China Craton （NCC） consists mainly of metamorphosed Archean Dantazi Complex, Paleoproterozoic Hongqiyingzi Complex and unmetamorphosed gabbro-anorthosite-meta-alkaline granite, as well as metamorphosed Late Paleozoic mafic to granitoid rocks in the Damiao-Changshaoying area. The -2.49 Ga Dantazi Complex comprises dioritic-trondhjemitic-granodoritic-monzogranitic gneisses metamorphosed in amphibolite to granulite facies. Petrochemical characteristics reveal that most of the rocks belong to a medium- to high-potassium calc-alkaline series, and display Mg^# less than 40, right-declined REE patterns with no to obviously positive Eu anomalies, evidently negative Th, Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies in primitive mantlenormalized spider diagrams, εNd（t）=＋0.65 to -0.03, and depleted mantle model ages TDM=2.78-2.71 Ga. Study in petrogenesis indicates that the rocks were formed from magmatic mixing between mafic magma from the depleted mantle and granitoid magma from partial melting of recycled crustal mafic rocks in a continental margin setting. The 2.44-2.41 Ga Hongqiyingzi Complex is dominated by metamorphic mafic-granodioritic-monzogranitic gneisses, displaying similar petrochemical features to the Dantazi Complex, namely medium to high potassium calc-alkaline series, and the mafic rocks show evident change in LILEs, negative Th, Nb, Ta, Zr anomalies and positive P anomalies. And the other granitiod samples also exhibit negative Th, Nb, Ta, P and Ti anomalies. All rocks in the Hongqiyingzi Complex show right-declined REE patterns without Eu anomaly. The metamorphic mafic rocks with εNd（t） = -1.64 may not be an identical magmatic evolution series with granitoids that have εNd（t） values of ＋3.19 to ＋1.94 and TDM ages of 2.55-2.52 Ga. These granitic rocks originated from hybrid between mafic magma from the depleted mantle and magma from partial melting of juvenile crustal mafic rocks in an island arc setting. All the -311 Ma Late Paleozoic metamorphic
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB951302-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51109214 and 31101074)
文摘Climate change is recognized to increase the frequency and severity of extreme temperature events. At flowering and grain filling stages, risk of high temperature stress （HTS） on rice might increase, and lead to declining grain yields. A regulated cabinet experiment was carried out to investigate effects of high temperature stress on rice growth at flowering and grain- filling stages. Results showed that no obvious decrease pattern in net photosynthesis appeared along with the temperature rising, but the dry matter allocation in leaf, leaf sheath, culm, and panicle all changed. Dry weight of panicle decreased, and ratio of straw to total above ground crop dry weight increased 6-34% from CK, which might have great effects on carbon cycling and green house gas emission. Grain yield decreased significantly across all treatments on average from 15 to 73%. Occurrence of HTS at flowering stage showed more serious influence on grain yield than at grain filling stage. High temperature stress showed negative effects on harvest index. It might be helpful to provide valuable information for crop simulation models to capture the effects of high temperature stress on rice, and evaluate the high temperature risk.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Foundation (Grant No. PLC201101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41172119 and 41272130)
文摘Carbonate cement is the most abundant cement type in the Fourth Member of the Xujiahe Formation in the Xiaoquan-Fenggu area of the West Sichuan Depression. Here we use a systematic analysis of carbonate cement petrology, mineralogy, carbon and oxygen isotope ratios and enclosure homogenization temperatures to study the precipitation mechanism, pore fluid evolu- tion, and distribution of different types of carbonate cement in reservoir sand in the study area. Crystalline calcite has relatively heavy carbon and oxygen isotope ratios （δ13C = 2.14%o, 8180 = -5.77‰）, and was precipitated early. It was precipitated di- rectly from supersaturated alkaline fluid under normal temperature and pressure conditions. At the time of precipitation, the fluid oxygen isotope ratio was very light, mainly showing the characteristics of a mixed meteoric water-seawater fluid（ δ180 = -3‰）, which shows that the fluid during precipitation was influenced by both meteoric water and seawater. The calcite cement that fills in the secondary pores has relatively lighter carbon and oxygen isotope ratios （δ13C = -2.36%0, 8180 = -15.68‰）. This cement was precipitated late, mainly during the Middle and Late Jurassic. An important material source for this carbonate cement was the feldspar corrosion process that involved organic matter. The Ca2＋, Fe3＋ and Mg2＋ ions released by the clay mineral transformation process were also important source materials. Because of water-rock interactions during the buri- al process, the oxygen isotope ratio of the fluid significantly increased during precipitation, by about 3‰. The dolomite ce- ments in calcarenaceous sandstone that was precipitated during the Middle Jurassic have heavier carbon and oxygen isotope ratios, which are similar to those of carbonate debris in the sandstone （δ13C = 1.93%o, δ180 = -6.11‰）, demonstrating that the two are from the same source that had a heavier oxygen isotope ratio （δ180 of about 2.2‰）. The differences in fluid oxygen isotope ratio
基金supported by the Independent Innovation Funding for Agricultural Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province, China (CX(13)5070)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20160448)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-03)
文摘High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits（HMW-GSs） play a critical role in determining the viscoelastic properties of wheat dough. The HMW-GSs are encoded by Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci on the long arms of chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 1D, respectively. In the present study, four near-isogenic lines with different HMW-GS deletions and compositions at the Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 loci in Yangmai 18 background were used for quality analysis. Deletion in Glu-D1 showed much weaker gluten quality and dough strength than null Glu-A1 genotype and wild genotype（WT）, based on the measurements of sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS）-sedimentation, lactic acid solvent retention capacity（SRC）, gluten index, development time, stability time, and alveograph P and L values. The deletion of Glu-D1 did not significantly affect grain hardness, grain protein content, water SRC, sodium carbonate SRC, and sucrose SRC. Double null genotype in Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 and single null genotype in Glu-D1 showed significantly higher cookie diameter, crispness, and lower cookie height compared with single null genotype in Glu-A1 and WT. These indicate that the null Glu-D1 genotype is useful for improvement of biscuit quality, and use of this germplasm would be a viable strategy to develop new wheat varieties for biscuit processing.
基金Te authors L.Wu,Z.Dong,C.Li,and Y.Song acknowledge the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFA0208501,2016YFB0401603,2016YFC1100502,and 2016YFB0401100)the NSFC(Grant Nos.51803219,51773206,51473172,51473173,and 21671193)+1 种基金and the“Strategic Priority Research Program”of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA09020000)N.X.Fang and H.Du are grateful for the seed provided by the MIT Energy Initiative.
文摘Additive manufacturing based on liquid resin curing is one of the most promising methods to construct delicate structures.However,precision and speed are limited by the vertical adhesion of in situ cured resin at the curing interface.To overcome the unavoidable adhesion and to develop a general curing interface,we propose a slippery surface taking inspiration of the peristome surface of the pitcher plant.Such surface shows ultra-low adhesive energy at the curing interface due to the inhibition of the direct contact between the cured resin and the solid surface,which also increases the reflling speed of liquid resin.Tis ultra-low adhesive energy interface is efective for continuous 3D printing and provides insights into the physical mechanisms in reducing vertical solid-solid interfacial adhesion.
文摘Background Rupture of unstable plaque with subsequent thrombus formation is the common pathophysiological substrate of acute coronary syndrome （ACS）. It is of potential significance to explore the blood indexes predicting plaque characteristics. We investigated the relationship among soluble CD105, hypersensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）, and coronary plaque morphology.Methods A clinical study from April 2004 to December 2006 was conducted in 130 patients who were divided into 3 groups： 56 patients （43.1%） in stable angina （SA） group, 52 patients （40.0%） in unstable angina （UA） group and 22 patients （16.9%） in acute myocardial infarction group. The concentrations of soluble CD105 and hs-CRP were measured in all of the patients by cardioangiography （CAG）. Plasma samples of arterial blood were collected prior to the procedure. The levels of soluble CD105 and hs-CRP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）.Results Unstable and ruptured plaque was found more frequently in patients with acute myocardial infarction and UA. External elastic membrane cross-sectional area （EEM CSA）, plaque area, lipid pool area and plaque burden were significantly larger in the ruptured and unstable plaque group. Positive remodeling, thinner fabric-cap, smaller minimal lumen cross-sectional area （MLA）, dissection and thrombus were significantly more frequent in the ruptured and unstable plaque group. Remodeling index （RI） was positively correlated with the levels of soluble CD105 in the UA group （r=0.628, P〈0.01） and the acute myocardial infarction group （r=0.639, P〈0.01）. The levels of soluble CD105 and hs-CRP were higher in the ruptured plaque group. Soluble CD105 〉4.3 ng/ml was used to predict ruptured plaque with a receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve area of 0.77 （95% confidence interval （CI）, 66.8%-87.2%）, a sensitivity of 72.8%, a specificity of 78.0% and an accuracy of 70.2% （P〈0.01）, similarly for hs-CRP 〉 5.0 mg/ml w
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51109214,31101074 and 51309211)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(2011BAD32B)the Basic Scientific Research Foundation of National Non-Profit Scientific Institute of China(BSRF201303)
文摘The irrigation method used in winter wheat fields affects micro-environment factors, such as relative humidity（RH） within canopy, soil temperature, topsoil bulk density, soil matric potential, and soil nutrients, and these changes may affect plant root growth.An experiment was carried out to explore the effects of irrigation method on micro-environments and root distribution in a winter wheat field in the 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 growing seasons.The results showed that border irrigation（BI）, sprinkler irrigation（SI）, and surface drip irrigation（SDI） had no significant effects on soil temperature.Topsoil bulk density, RH within the canopy, soil available N distribution, and soil matric potential were significantly affected by the three treatments.The change in soil matric potential was the key reason for the altered root profile distribution patterns.Additionally, more fine roots were produced in the BI treatment when soil water content was low and topsoil bulk density was high.Root growth was most stimulated in the top soil layers and inhibited in the deep layers in the SDI treatment, followed by SI and BI, which was due to the different water application frequencies.As a result, the root profile distribution differed, depending on the irrigation method used.The root distribution pattern changes could be described by the power level variation in the exponential function.A good knowledge of root distribution patterns is important when attempting to model water and nutrient movements and when studying soil-plant interactions.
基金Supported by National 973 Project (No. 2009CB522902)
文摘OBJECTIVES:Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) technology was used to study changes to the resting state blood flow in the brains of patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA) before and after treatment with moxibustion at the acupoint of the left Dubi(ST 35) and to probe the cerebral mechanism underlying the effect of moxibustion.METHODS:The resting state brain function of 30 patients with left KOA was scanned with fMRI before and after treatment with moxibustion.The analytic methods of fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation(fALFF) and regional homogeneity(ReHo) were used to observe changes in resting state brain function.RESULTS:The fALFF values of the right cerebrum,extra-nucleus,left cerebellum,left cerebrum and white matter of patients after moxibustion treatment were higher than before treatment,and the fALFF values of the precentral gyrus,frontal lobe and occipital lobe were lower than before treatment(P<0.05,K≥85).The ReHo values of the thalamus,extra-nucleus and parietal lobe of patients were much higher than those before moxibustion treatment,and the ReHo values of the right cerebrum,left cerebrum and frontal lobe were lower than before treatment(P<0.05,K≥85).CONCLUSION:The influence of moxibustion on obvious changes in brain regions basically conforms to the way that pain and warmth is transmitted in the body,and the activation of sensitive systems in the body may be objective evidence of channel transmission.The regulation of brain function by moxibustion is not in a single brain region but rather in a network of many brain regions.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB613901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50831003 and 50871062)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No. Z2008F08)
文摘The dynamic viscosity of Al-Yb and Al-Ni-Yb superheated melts was measured using a torsional oscillation viscometer. The results show that the temperature dependence of viscosity fits the Arrhenius law well and the fitting factors are calculated. The amorphous ribbons of these alloys were produced by the melt spinning technique and the thermal properties were characterized by using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). E (the activation energy for viscous flow), which reflects the change rate of viscosity, has a good negative relation with the GFA in both Al-Yb and Al-Ni-Yb systems. However, there is no direct relation between liquidus viscosity (ηL) and GFA. The superheated fragility M can predict GFA in Al-Yb or Al-Ni-Yb alloy system.
