Helicoacter pylori are very common patho-genic bacteria colonizing about half of all popula-tions and associated with the development of seti-ous gastroduodenal diseases like gastric lvm-phoma,peptic ulcers and acute ...Helicoacter pylori are very common patho-genic bacteria colonizing about half of all popula-tions and associated with the development of seti-ous gastroduodenal diseases like gastric lvm-phoma,peptic ulcers and acute chronic gastritis.Current drug regimes are not wholly effective.展开更多
The Ohmically heated circular limiter tokamak ADITYA （R0 = 75 cm, a = 25 cm） has been upgraded to a tokamak named the ADITYA Upgrade （ADITYA-U） with an open divertor configuration with divertor plates. The main go...The Ohmically heated circular limiter tokamak ADITYA （R0 = 75 cm, a = 25 cm） has been upgraded to a tokamak named the ADITYA Upgrade （ADITYA-U） with an open divertor configuration with divertor plates. The main goal of ADITYA-U is to carry out dedicated experiments relevant for bigger fusion machines including ITER, such as the generation and control of runaway electrons, disruption prediction, and mitigation studies, along with an improvement in confinement with shaped plasma. The ADITYA tokamak was dismantled and the assembly of ADITYA-U was completed in March 2016. Integration of subsystems like data acquisition and remote operation along with plasma production and preliminary plasma characterization of ADITYA-U plasmas are presented in this paper.展开更多
Vidangadi churna is a popular Ayurvedic formulation described in the chapter Krimicikitsa of the Ayurvedic literature Cakradatta for the treatment of Krimiroga. The preparation is a composite mixture of the fine powde...Vidangadi churna is a popular Ayurvedic formulation described in the chapter Krimicikitsa of the Ayurvedic literature Cakradatta for the treatment of Krimiroga. The preparation is a composite mixture of the fine powder of fruits of Vidang （Embelia ribs）, glandular trichomes of the fruits of Kamala （Mallotus philippensis）, mature fruits of Harde （Terminalia chehula）, Saindhava and Yavakshara. The use of reversed phase C18 column eluted with gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile and water enabled the efficient separation of the chemical markers in 22 rain. Validation of the method was performed in order to demonstrate its selectivity, accuracy, precision, repeatability and recovery. All calibration curves showed good linear correlation coefficients （r2〉0.995） within the tested ranges. Three markers in Vidangadi churna were quantitied with respect to Embelin （0.647%, w/w）, Rottlerin （4.419%, w/w）, and Ellagic acid （0.459%, w/w）. lntraand inter-day RSDs of retention times and peak areas were less than 3.12%. The recoveries were between 99.66% and 102.33%. In conclusion, a method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of three markers in Vidangadi churna. The RP-HPLC method was simple, precise and accurate and can be used for the quality control of the raw materials as well as formulations.展开更多
Nanocellulose,a biopolymer,has received wide attention from researchers owing to its superior physicochemical properties,such as high mechanical strength,low density,biodegradability,and biocompatibility.Nanocellulose...Nanocellulose,a biopolymer,has received wide attention from researchers owing to its superior physicochemical properties,such as high mechanical strength,low density,biodegradability,and biocompatibility.Nanocellulose can be extracted from wide range of sources,including plants,bacteria,and algae.Depending on the extraction process and dimensions(diameter and length),they are categorized into three main types:cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs),cellulose nanofibrils(CNFs),and bacterial nanocellulose(BNC).CNCs are a highly crystalline and needle-like structure,whereas CNFs have both amorphous and crystalline regions in their network.BNC is the purest form of nanocellulose.The nanocellulose properties can be tuned by chemical functionalization,which increases its applicability in biomedical applications.This review highlights the fabrication of different surface-modified nanocellulose to deliver active molecules,such as drugs,proteins,and plasmids.Nanocellulose-mediated delivery of active molecules is profoundly affected by its topographical structure and the interaction between the loaded molecules and nanocellulose.The applications of nanocellulose and its composites in tissue engineering have been discussed.Finally,the review is concluded with further opportunities and challenges in nanocellulose-mediated delivery of active molecules.展开更多
OBJECTIVES:A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station for irrigated crops at Thasara,Anand Agricultural University,Anand,to study the dissipation and risk assessment ofβ-cyfluthrin and imidaclo...OBJECTIVES:A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station for irrigated crops at Thasara,Anand Agricultural University,Anand,to study the dissipation and risk assessment ofβ-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid as combination product in/on chickpea.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Solomon 300 OD comprising 9 per centβ-cyfluthrin and 21 per cent imidacloprid was foliar sprayed at the doses of 18+42g a.i.ha−1(standard dose)and 36+84g a.i.ha−1(double dose).Totally three sprays were made at an interval of 1 week starting from fruiting stage.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:The residues ofβ-cyfluthrin estimated using gas chromatograph with electron capture detector(GC-ECD)showed an initial deposit of 0.16 and 0.27μg g−1 in standard and double doses,respectively.The residues for corresponding doses persisted till 7th and 10th day after application and reached below determination level of 0.01μg g−1 on the 10th and 15th day,respectively.Imidacloprid was estimated using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and showed initial deposits of 1.22 and 2.7μg g−1 in standard and double doses,respectively.Its levels reached below the determination level(0.01μg g−1)on the 15th day in green pods.Statistical analysis of dissipation kinetics showed thatβ-cyfluthrin followed zero-order kinetics in standard dose with half-life of 7.27 days.In double dose,the dissipation kinetics followed first-order kinetics with half-life of 9 days.Imidacloprid followed first-order kinetics in both the doses with half-life of 6.7 and 7.7 days.CONCLUSIONS:A pre-harvest interval(PHI)of 15 days is suggested.Theoretical risk assessment calculated as hazard quotient was less than 1,rendering the use of combination product as safe-provided proper PHI is followed.展开更多
A novel ionic polymer–metal composite(IPMC)actuated stepper motor was developed in order to demonstrate an innovative design process for complete IPMC systems.The motor was developed by utilizing a novel model for IP...A novel ionic polymer–metal composite(IPMC)actuated stepper motor was developed in order to demonstrate an innovative design process for complete IPMC systems.The motor was developed by utilizing a novel model for IPMC actuators integrated with the complete mechanical model of the motor.The dynamic,nonlinear IPMC model can accurately predict the displacement and force actuation in air for a large range of input voltages as well as accounting for interactions with mechanical systems and external loads.By integrating this geometrically scalable IPMC model with a mechanical model of the motor mechanism an appropriate size IPMC strip has been chosen to achieve the required motor specifications.The entire integrated system has been simulated and its performance verified.The system has been built and the experimental results validated to show that the motor works as simulated and can indeed achieve continuous 360rotation,similar to conventional motors.This has proven that the model is an indispensable design tool for integrated IPMC actuators into real systems.This newly developed system has demonstrated the complete design process for smart material actuator systems,representing a large step forward and aiding in the progression of IPMCs towards wide acceptance as replacements for traditional actuators.展开更多
Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell belonging to the family Violaceae, popularly known as Ratanpurus (Hindi) is a herb or a shrub distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In the Ayurvedic lit...Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell belonging to the family Violaceae, popularly known as Ratanpurus (Hindi) is a herb or a shrub distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In the Ayurvedic literature, the plant is reported to cure conditions of "Kapha" and "Pitta", urinary calculi, strangury, painful dysentery, vomiting, burning sensation, wandering of the mind, urethral discharge, blood trouble, asthma, epilepsy, cough, and to give tone to the breasts. Phytochemically, the plant contains a considerable amount of dipeptide alkaloids, aurantiamide acetate, isoarborinol, and β-sitosterol, sugars, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenes, phenols, flavones, catachins, tannins, anthraquinones and amino acids. Pharmacologically, the plant is reported to possess antidiabetic, antiplasmodial, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, nephroprotective, aphrodisiac, hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, aldose reductase inhibitory and free radical scavenging activities. The information provided in this review will be worthwhile to know the applicability of H. enneaspermus for the treatment of various acute or chronic diseases with a diverse nature of phytoconstituents. The overall data in this review article were collected from various scientific sources on the research of H. enneaspermus.展开更多
Numerical simulation of heat transfer in a high aspect ratio rectangular microchannel with heat sinks has been conducted,similar to an experimental study.Three channel heights measuring 0.3 mm,0.6 mm and 1 mm are cons...Numerical simulation of heat transfer in a high aspect ratio rectangular microchannel with heat sinks has been conducted,similar to an experimental study.Three channel heights measuring 0.3 mm,0.6 mm and 1 mm are considered and the Reynolds number varies from 300 to 2360,based on the hydraulic diameter.Simulation starts with the validation study on the Nusselt number and the Poiseuille number variations along the channel streamwise direction.It is found that the predicted Nusselt number has shown very good agreement with the theoretical estimation,but some discrepancies are noted in the Poiseuille number comparison.This observation however is in consistent with conclusions made by other researchers for the same flow problem.Simulation continues on the evaluation of heat transfer characteristics,namely the friction factor and the thermal resistance.It is found that noticeable scaling effect happens at small channel height of 0.3 mm and the predicted friction factor agrees fairly well with an experimental based correlation.Present simulation further reveals that the thermal resistance is low at small channel height,indicating that the heat transfer performance can be enhanced with the decrease of the channel height.展开更多
A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of moxifloxacin(MOXI) in human plasma. After a simple protein precipitation ...A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of moxifloxacin(MOXI) in human plasma. After a simple protein precipitation using acetonitrile, the post treatment samples were analysed on a C18 column interfaced with a Triple Quadropole Tandem Mass Spectrometer. Positive electrospray ionization was employed as the ionization source. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid–acetonitrile(60:40, v/v). Ciprofloxacin(CIPRO) was used as an internal standard. The analyte and internal standard(CIPRO) were monitored in the multiple reaction monitoring mode(MRM). The mass transition ion-pair has been followed as m/z 402→358.2 for MOXI and 332→288.1 for CIPRO. The method was linear in the concentration range of 25–5000 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 25 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precision(relative standard deviation) and accuracy(relative error) values were within 12.4%. Each plasma sample was analyzed within 3 min.展开更多
Machining of shape memory alloys(SMAs)without losing the shape memory effect could immensely extend their applications.Herein,the wire electric discharge machining process was used to machine NiTi—a shape memory allo...Machining of shape memory alloys(SMAs)without losing the shape memory effect could immensely extend their applications.Herein,the wire electric discharge machining process was used to machine NiTi—a shape memory alloy.The experimental methodology was designed using a Box-Behnken design approach of the response surface methodology.The effects of input variables including pulse on time,pulse off time,and current were investigated on the material removal rate,surface roughness,and microhardness.ANOVA tests were performed to check the robustness of the generated empirical models.Optimization of the process parameters was performed using a newly formulated,highly efficient heat transfer search algorithm.Validation tests were conducted and extended for analyzing the retention of the shape memory effect of the machined surface by differential scanning calorimetry.In addition,2D and 3D Pareto curves were generated that indicated the trade-offs between the selected output variables during the simultaneous output variables using the multi-objective heat transfer search algorithm.The optimization route yielded encouraging results.Single objective optimization yielded a maximum material removal rate of 1.49 mm^(3)/s,maximum microhardness 462.52 HVN,and minimum surface roughness 0.11μm.The Pareto curves showed conflicting effects during the wire electric discharge machining of the shape memory alloy and presented a set of optimal non-dominant solutions.The shape memory alloy machined using the optimized process parameters even indicated a shape memory effect similar to that of the starting base material.展开更多
Various recent reports on Tuberculosis have alarmed an increase in the patient class and subsequent death rates across the globe. Over and above the spread of more dangerous and fatal forms of tuberculosis like MDR-TB...Various recent reports on Tuberculosis have alarmed an increase in the patient class and subsequent death rates across the globe. Over and above the spread of more dangerous and fatal forms of tuberculosis like MDR-TB i.e. multiple-drug resistance tuberculosis, XDR-TB i.e. extensively-drug resistance tuberculosis & TDR-TB i.e. total-drug resistance tuberculosis has forwarded an urgent need to discover novel antitubercular agents. The current work is aimed at combining two previously well-known pharmacophores (pyrazoline and benzoxazole nucleus) in order to design and synthesize a series of novel benzoxazole-based pyrazoline derivatives. The synthesized target compounds were structurally confirmed by LCMS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analysis. The target compounds were In vitro evaluated against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain, multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) strains. The In vitro screening results depicted that majority of the target compounds displayed potent activity with MIC in a range of ~0.8 to 6.25 μg/mL. Many compounds were found to be more potent than isoniazid against MDR-TB with MIC value 3.12 μg/mL and XDR-TB with MIC value 12.5 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity assay of these active compounds on VERO cell lines also displayed good selectivity index.展开更多
Sound dissimilar lap joints were achieved via ultrasonic spot welding （USW）, which is a solid-state joining technique. The addition of Sn interlayer during USW effectively blocked the formation of brittle Al12Mg17 i...Sound dissimilar lap joints were achieved via ultrasonic spot welding （USW）, which is a solid-state joining technique. The addition of Sn interlayer during USW effectively blocked the formation of brittle Al12Mg17 intermetallic compound in the Mg-Al dissimilar joints without interlayer, and led to the presence of a distinctive composite-like Sn and Mg2Sn eutectic structure in both Mg- Al and Mg-high strength low alloy （HSLA） steel joints. The lap shear strength of both types of dissimilar joints with a Sn interlayer was significantly higher than that of the corresponding dissimilar joints without interlayer. Failure during the tensile lap shear tests occurred mainly in the mode of cohesive failure in the Mg- Al dissimilar joints and in the mode of partial cohesive failure and partial nugget pull-out in the Mg-HSLA steel dissimilar joints.展开更多
A novel, fast, sensitive and robust method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-ESI-MS/MS） has been developed to sep...A novel, fast, sensitive and robust method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-ESI-MS/MS） has been developed to separate two Tibolone stereoisomers i.e., 3α-Hydroxy Tibolone and 3β-Hydroxy Tibolone and to quantify 3α-Hydroxy Tibolone using p-toulenesulfonyl isocyanate （PTSI） as a derivatizing reagent in human plasma. 3α-Hydroxy Tibolone-13CD3 was used as an internal standard （IS）. The analyte and IS were extracted from human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate. Extracted samples were analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Chromatography was performed using binary gradient on UPLC analytical column. A linear calibration curve over the range of 0.100-35.000 ng/ mL was obtained and lower limit of quantification （LLOQ） was 0.100 ng/mL demonstrating acceptable accuracy and precision. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in order to compare a test Tibolone 2.5 mg formulation vs. a reference 2.5 mg Tibolone tablet formulation in 50 post-menopausal/surgical menopause female human volunteers under fasting conditions. It is concluded that test formulation of Tibolone is bioequivalent to reference formulation of Tibolone.展开更多
Nucleolus is the most prominent subnuclear structure, which performs a wide variety of functions in the eukaryotic cellular processes. In order to understand the structural and functional role of the nucleoli in bovin...Nucleolus is the most prominent subnuclear structure, which performs a wide variety of functions in the eukaryotic cellular processes. In order to understand the structural and functional role of the nucleoli in bovine cells, we analyzed the proteomic composition of the bovine nucleoli. The nucleoli were isolated from Madin Darby bovine kidney cells and subjected to proteomic analysis by LC-MS/MS after fractionation by SDS-PAGE and strong cation exchange chromatography. Analysis of the data using the Mascot database search and the GPM database search identified 311 proteins in the bovine nucleoli, which contained 22 proteins previously not identified in the proteomic analysis of human nucleoli. Analysis of the identified proteins using the GoMiner software suggested that the bovine nucleoli contained proteins involved in ribosomal biogenesis, cell cycle control, transcriptional, translational and post-translational regulation, transport, and structural organization.展开更多
This study presents a neural network-based model for predicting linear quadratic regulator(LQR)weighting matrices for achieving a target response reduction.Based on the expected weighting matrices,the LQR algorithm is...This study presents a neural network-based model for predicting linear quadratic regulator(LQR)weighting matrices for achieving a target response reduction.Based on the expected weighting matrices,the LQR algorithm is used to determine the various responses of the structure.The responses are determined by numerically analyzing the governing equation of motion using the state-space approach.For training a neural network,four input parameters are considered:the time history of the ground motion,the percentage reduction in lateral displacement,lateral velocity,and lateral acceleration,Output parameters are LQR weighting matrices.To study the effectiveness of an LQR-based neural network(LQRNN),the actual percentage reduction in the responses obtained from using LQRNN is compared with the target percentage reductions.Furthermore,to investigate the efficacy of an active control system using LQRNN,the controlled responses of a system are compared to the corresponding uncontrolled responses.The trained neural network effectively predicts weighting parameters that can provide a percentage reduction in displacement,velocity,and acceleration close to the target percentage reduction.Based on the simulation study,it can be concluded that significant response reductions are observed in the active-controlled system using LQRNN.Moreover,the LQRNN algorithm can replace conventional LQR control with the use of an active control system.展开更多
We identically prepared Cu-nMoSe_(2)(a−plane)and Cu-nMoSe_(2)(c−plane)Schottky barrier diodes(SBDs)on the same n-type MoSe_(2) single crystal.The effective Schottky barrier heights(SBHs)and ideality factors were obtai...We identically prepared Cu-nMoSe_(2)(a−plane)and Cu-nMoSe_(2)(c−plane)Schottky barrier diodes(SBDs)on the same n-type MoSe_(2) single crystal.The effective Schottky barrier heights(SBHs)and ideality factors were obtained from the current−voltage-temperature(I–V–T)characteristics.The barrier height and ideality factor,estimated from the conventional thermionic emission model by assuming a Gaussian barrier distribution,are highly dependent on temperature.A notable deviation from the theoretical Richardson constant value is also observed in the conventional Richardson plot.The decrease in the experimental barrier heightΦB0 and an increase in the ideality factor n with a decrease in temperature have been explained on the basis of barrier height inhomogeneities at the metal−semiconductor interface.It is proven that the presence of a distribution of barrier heights is responsible for the apparent decrease of the zero bias barrier height.The voltage dependence of the standard deviation causes the increase of the ideality factor at low temperatures.The value of the Richardson constant obtained without considering the inhomogeneous barrier heights is much closer than the theoretical value.The Cu-nMoSe_(2)(a−plane)Schottky diode shows better results in comparison with the nMoSe_(2)(c-plane)Schottky diode.展开更多
Herein,we report the magnetic properties of α-MoO3nanofibers synthesized via a hydrothermal method.X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopic studies have been employed to evidence the presence of oxygen vacancy def...Herein,we report the magnetic properties of α-MoO3nanofibers synthesized via a hydrothermal method.X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopic studies have been employed to evidence the presence of oxygen vacancy defects in the α-MoO3nanofibers.To elucidate the oxygen vacancy related ferromagnetism,post-thermal annealing in oxygen and vacuum was performed.The UV emission band of α-MoO3nanofibers reveals a red shift from oxygen annealed to vacuum annealed,indicating a bandedge reduction.The saturation magnetization of oxygen annealed nanofibers decreases while that of vacuum annealed nanofibers increases.These results strongly confirm that the oxygen vacancies play a significant role in inducing ferromagnetism.The origin of ferromagnetism may be due to the exchange interactions among localized electron spin moments resulting from oxygen vacancies of α-MoO3nanofibers.The presence of such defects was further supported by the photoluminescence measurements.展开更多
文摘Helicoacter pylori are very common patho-genic bacteria colonizing about half of all popula-tions and associated with the development of seti-ous gastroduodenal diseases like gastric lvm-phoma,peptic ulcers and acute chronic gastritis.Current drug regimes are not wholly effective.
文摘The Ohmically heated circular limiter tokamak ADITYA （R0 = 75 cm, a = 25 cm） has been upgraded to a tokamak named the ADITYA Upgrade （ADITYA-U） with an open divertor configuration with divertor plates. The main goal of ADITYA-U is to carry out dedicated experiments relevant for bigger fusion machines including ITER, such as the generation and control of runaway electrons, disruption prediction, and mitigation studies, along with an improvement in confinement with shaped plasma. The ADITYA tokamak was dismantled and the assembly of ADITYA-U was completed in March 2016. Integration of subsystems like data acquisition and remote operation along with plasma production and preliminary plasma characterization of ADITYA-U plasmas are presented in this paper.
文摘Vidangadi churna is a popular Ayurvedic formulation described in the chapter Krimicikitsa of the Ayurvedic literature Cakradatta for the treatment of Krimiroga. The preparation is a composite mixture of the fine powder of fruits of Vidang （Embelia ribs）, glandular trichomes of the fruits of Kamala （Mallotus philippensis）, mature fruits of Harde （Terminalia chehula）, Saindhava and Yavakshara. The use of reversed phase C18 column eluted with gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile and water enabled the efficient separation of the chemical markers in 22 rain. Validation of the method was performed in order to demonstrate its selectivity, accuracy, precision, repeatability and recovery. All calibration curves showed good linear correlation coefficients （r2〉0.995） within the tested ranges. Three markers in Vidangadi churna were quantitied with respect to Embelin （0.647%, w/w）, Rottlerin （4.419%, w/w）, and Ellagic acid （0.459%, w/w）. lntraand inter-day RSDs of retention times and peak areas were less than 3.12%. The recoveries were between 99.66% and 102.33%. In conclusion, a method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of three markers in Vidangadi churna. The RP-HPLC method was simple, precise and accurate and can be used for the quality control of the raw materials as well as formulations.
基金This research was supported by the Basic Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2018R1A6A1A03025582)and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2019R1D1A3A03103828).
文摘Nanocellulose,a biopolymer,has received wide attention from researchers owing to its superior physicochemical properties,such as high mechanical strength,low density,biodegradability,and biocompatibility.Nanocellulose can be extracted from wide range of sources,including plants,bacteria,and algae.Depending on the extraction process and dimensions(diameter and length),they are categorized into three main types:cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs),cellulose nanofibrils(CNFs),and bacterial nanocellulose(BNC).CNCs are a highly crystalline and needle-like structure,whereas CNFs have both amorphous and crystalline regions in their network.BNC is the purest form of nanocellulose.The nanocellulose properties can be tuned by chemical functionalization,which increases its applicability in biomedical applications.This review highlights the fabrication of different surface-modified nanocellulose to deliver active molecules,such as drugs,proteins,and plasmids.Nanocellulose-mediated delivery of active molecules is profoundly affected by its topographical structure and the interaction between the loaded molecules and nanocellulose.The applications of nanocellulose and its composites in tissue engineering have been discussed.Finally,the review is concluded with further opportunities and challenges in nanocellulose-mediated delivery of active molecules.
文摘OBJECTIVES:A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station for irrigated crops at Thasara,Anand Agricultural University,Anand,to study the dissipation and risk assessment ofβ-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid as combination product in/on chickpea.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Solomon 300 OD comprising 9 per centβ-cyfluthrin and 21 per cent imidacloprid was foliar sprayed at the doses of 18+42g a.i.ha−1(standard dose)and 36+84g a.i.ha−1(double dose).Totally three sprays were made at an interval of 1 week starting from fruiting stage.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:The residues ofβ-cyfluthrin estimated using gas chromatograph with electron capture detector(GC-ECD)showed an initial deposit of 0.16 and 0.27μg g−1 in standard and double doses,respectively.The residues for corresponding doses persisted till 7th and 10th day after application and reached below determination level of 0.01μg g−1 on the 10th and 15th day,respectively.Imidacloprid was estimated using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and showed initial deposits of 1.22 and 2.7μg g−1 in standard and double doses,respectively.Its levels reached below the determination level(0.01μg g−1)on the 15th day in green pods.Statistical analysis of dissipation kinetics showed thatβ-cyfluthrin followed zero-order kinetics in standard dose with half-life of 7.27 days.In double dose,the dissipation kinetics followed first-order kinetics with half-life of 9 days.Imidacloprid followed first-order kinetics in both the doses with half-life of 6.7 and 7.7 days.CONCLUSIONS:A pre-harvest interval(PHI)of 15 days is suggested.Theoretical risk assessment calculated as hazard quotient was less than 1,rendering the use of combination product as safe-provided proper PHI is followed.
文摘A novel ionic polymer–metal composite(IPMC)actuated stepper motor was developed in order to demonstrate an innovative design process for complete IPMC systems.The motor was developed by utilizing a novel model for IPMC actuators integrated with the complete mechanical model of the motor.The dynamic,nonlinear IPMC model can accurately predict the displacement and force actuation in air for a large range of input voltages as well as accounting for interactions with mechanical systems and external loads.By integrating this geometrically scalable IPMC model with a mechanical model of the motor mechanism an appropriate size IPMC strip has been chosen to achieve the required motor specifications.The entire integrated system has been simulated and its performance verified.The system has been built and the experimental results validated to show that the motor works as simulated and can indeed achieve continuous 360rotation,similar to conventional motors.This has proven that the model is an indispensable design tool for integrated IPMC actuators into real systems.This newly developed system has demonstrated the complete design process for smart material actuator systems,representing a large step forward and aiding in the progression of IPMCs towards wide acceptance as replacements for traditional actuators.
基金supported by the financial assistance from University Grants Commission,New Delhi
文摘Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell belonging to the family Violaceae, popularly known as Ratanpurus (Hindi) is a herb or a shrub distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In the Ayurvedic literature, the plant is reported to cure conditions of "Kapha" and "Pitta", urinary calculi, strangury, painful dysentery, vomiting, burning sensation, wandering of the mind, urethral discharge, blood trouble, asthma, epilepsy, cough, and to give tone to the breasts. Phytochemically, the plant contains a considerable amount of dipeptide alkaloids, aurantiamide acetate, isoarborinol, and β-sitosterol, sugars, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenes, phenols, flavones, catachins, tannins, anthraquinones and amino acids. Pharmacologically, the plant is reported to possess antidiabetic, antiplasmodial, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, nephroprotective, aphrodisiac, hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, aldose reductase inhibitory and free radical scavenging activities. The information provided in this review will be worthwhile to know the applicability of H. enneaspermus for the treatment of various acute or chronic diseases with a diverse nature of phytoconstituents. The overall data in this review article were collected from various scientific sources on the research of H. enneaspermus.
文摘Numerical simulation of heat transfer in a high aspect ratio rectangular microchannel with heat sinks has been conducted,similar to an experimental study.Three channel heights measuring 0.3 mm,0.6 mm and 1 mm are considered and the Reynolds number varies from 300 to 2360,based on the hydraulic diameter.Simulation starts with the validation study on the Nusselt number and the Poiseuille number variations along the channel streamwise direction.It is found that the predicted Nusselt number has shown very good agreement with the theoretical estimation,but some discrepancies are noted in the Poiseuille number comparison.This observation however is in consistent with conclusions made by other researchers for the same flow problem.Simulation continues on the evaluation of heat transfer characteristics,namely the friction factor and the thermal resistance.It is found that noticeable scaling effect happens at small channel height of 0.3 mm and the predicted friction factor agrees fairly well with an experimental based correlation.Present simulation further reveals that the thermal resistance is low at small channel height,indicating that the heat transfer performance can be enhanced with the decrease of the channel height.
文摘A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of moxifloxacin(MOXI) in human plasma. After a simple protein precipitation using acetonitrile, the post treatment samples were analysed on a C18 column interfaced with a Triple Quadropole Tandem Mass Spectrometer. Positive electrospray ionization was employed as the ionization source. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid–acetonitrile(60:40, v/v). Ciprofloxacin(CIPRO) was used as an internal standard. The analyte and internal standard(CIPRO) were monitored in the multiple reaction monitoring mode(MRM). The mass transition ion-pair has been followed as m/z 402→358.2 for MOXI and 332→288.1 for CIPRO. The method was linear in the concentration range of 25–5000 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 25 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precision(relative standard deviation) and accuracy(relative error) values were within 12.4%. Each plasma sample was analyzed within 3 min.
文摘Machining of shape memory alloys(SMAs)without losing the shape memory effect could immensely extend their applications.Herein,the wire electric discharge machining process was used to machine NiTi—a shape memory alloy.The experimental methodology was designed using a Box-Behnken design approach of the response surface methodology.The effects of input variables including pulse on time,pulse off time,and current were investigated on the material removal rate,surface roughness,and microhardness.ANOVA tests were performed to check the robustness of the generated empirical models.Optimization of the process parameters was performed using a newly formulated,highly efficient heat transfer search algorithm.Validation tests were conducted and extended for analyzing the retention of the shape memory effect of the machined surface by differential scanning calorimetry.In addition,2D and 3D Pareto curves were generated that indicated the trade-offs between the selected output variables during the simultaneous output variables using the multi-objective heat transfer search algorithm.The optimization route yielded encouraging results.Single objective optimization yielded a maximum material removal rate of 1.49 mm^(3)/s,maximum microhardness 462.52 HVN,and minimum surface roughness 0.11μm.The Pareto curves showed conflicting effects during the wire electric discharge machining of the shape memory alloy and presented a set of optimal non-dominant solutions.The shape memory alloy machined using the optimized process parameters even indicated a shape memory effect similar to that of the starting base material.
文摘Various recent reports on Tuberculosis have alarmed an increase in the patient class and subsequent death rates across the globe. Over and above the spread of more dangerous and fatal forms of tuberculosis like MDR-TB i.e. multiple-drug resistance tuberculosis, XDR-TB i.e. extensively-drug resistance tuberculosis & TDR-TB i.e. total-drug resistance tuberculosis has forwarded an urgent need to discover novel antitubercular agents. The current work is aimed at combining two previously well-known pharmacophores (pyrazoline and benzoxazole nucleus) in order to design and synthesize a series of novel benzoxazole-based pyrazoline derivatives. The synthesized target compounds were structurally confirmed by LCMS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analysis. The target compounds were In vitro evaluated against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain, multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) strains. The In vitro screening results depicted that majority of the target compounds displayed potent activity with MIC in a range of ~0.8 to 6.25 μg/mL. Many compounds were found to be more potent than isoniazid against MDR-TB with MIC value 3.12 μg/mL and XDR-TB with MIC value 12.5 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity assay of these active compounds on VERO cell lines also displayed good selectivity index.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and AUTO21 Network of Centers of Excellence for providing financial supportthe financial support by the Premier’s Research Excellence Award (PREA), NSERC-Discovery Accelerator Supplement (DAS) Award, Automotive Partnership Canada (APC), Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), and Ryerson Research Chair (RRC) program
文摘Sound dissimilar lap joints were achieved via ultrasonic spot welding （USW）, which is a solid-state joining technique. The addition of Sn interlayer during USW effectively blocked the formation of brittle Al12Mg17 intermetallic compound in the Mg-Al dissimilar joints without interlayer, and led to the presence of a distinctive composite-like Sn and Mg2Sn eutectic structure in both Mg- Al and Mg-high strength low alloy （HSLA） steel joints. The lap shear strength of both types of dissimilar joints with a Sn interlayer was significantly higher than that of the corresponding dissimilar joints without interlayer. Failure during the tensile lap shear tests occurred mainly in the mode of cohesive failure in the Mg- Al dissimilar joints and in the mode of partial cohesive failure and partial nugget pull-out in the Mg-HSLA steel dissimilar joints.
文摘A novel, fast, sensitive and robust method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-ESI-MS/MS） has been developed to separate two Tibolone stereoisomers i.e., 3α-Hydroxy Tibolone and 3β-Hydroxy Tibolone and to quantify 3α-Hydroxy Tibolone using p-toulenesulfonyl isocyanate （PTSI） as a derivatizing reagent in human plasma. 3α-Hydroxy Tibolone-13CD3 was used as an internal standard （IS）. The analyte and IS were extracted from human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate. Extracted samples were analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Chromatography was performed using binary gradient on UPLC analytical column. A linear calibration curve over the range of 0.100-35.000 ng/ mL was obtained and lower limit of quantification （LLOQ） was 0.100 ng/mL demonstrating acceptable accuracy and precision. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in order to compare a test Tibolone 2.5 mg formulation vs. a reference 2.5 mg Tibolone tablet formulation in 50 post-menopausal/surgical menopause female human volunteers under fasting conditions. It is concluded that test formulation of Tibolone is bioequivalent to reference formulation of Tibolone.
文摘Nucleolus is the most prominent subnuclear structure, which performs a wide variety of functions in the eukaryotic cellular processes. In order to understand the structural and functional role of the nucleoli in bovine cells, we analyzed the proteomic composition of the bovine nucleoli. The nucleoli were isolated from Madin Darby bovine kidney cells and subjected to proteomic analysis by LC-MS/MS after fractionation by SDS-PAGE and strong cation exchange chromatography. Analysis of the data using the Mascot database search and the GPM database search identified 311 proteins in the bovine nucleoli, which contained 22 proteins previously not identified in the proteomic analysis of human nucleoli. Analysis of the identified proteins using the GoMiner software suggested that the bovine nucleoli contained proteins involved in ribosomal biogenesis, cell cycle control, transcriptional, translational and post-translational regulation, transport, and structural organization.
基金Dean Research&Consultancy under Grant No.Dean (R&C)/2020-21/1155。
文摘This study presents a neural network-based model for predicting linear quadratic regulator(LQR)weighting matrices for achieving a target response reduction.Based on the expected weighting matrices,the LQR algorithm is used to determine the various responses of the structure.The responses are determined by numerically analyzing the governing equation of motion using the state-space approach.For training a neural network,four input parameters are considered:the time history of the ground motion,the percentage reduction in lateral displacement,lateral velocity,and lateral acceleration,Output parameters are LQR weighting matrices.To study the effectiveness of an LQR-based neural network(LQRNN),the actual percentage reduction in the responses obtained from using LQRNN is compared with the target percentage reductions.Furthermore,to investigate the efficacy of an active control system using LQRNN,the controlled responses of a system are compared to the corresponding uncontrolled responses.The trained neural network effectively predicts weighting parameters that can provide a percentage reduction in displacement,velocity,and acceleration close to the target percentage reduction.Based on the simulation study,it can be concluded that significant response reductions are observed in the active-controlled system using LQRNN.Moreover,the LQRNN algorithm can replace conventional LQR control with the use of an active control system.
文摘We identically prepared Cu-nMoSe_(2)(a−plane)and Cu-nMoSe_(2)(c−plane)Schottky barrier diodes(SBDs)on the same n-type MoSe_(2) single crystal.The effective Schottky barrier heights(SBHs)and ideality factors were obtained from the current−voltage-temperature(I–V–T)characteristics.The barrier height and ideality factor,estimated from the conventional thermionic emission model by assuming a Gaussian barrier distribution,are highly dependent on temperature.A notable deviation from the theoretical Richardson constant value is also observed in the conventional Richardson plot.The decrease in the experimental barrier heightΦB0 and an increase in the ideality factor n with a decrease in temperature have been explained on the basis of barrier height inhomogeneities at the metal−semiconductor interface.It is proven that the presence of a distribution of barrier heights is responsible for the apparent decrease of the zero bias barrier height.The voltage dependence of the standard deviation causes the increase of the ideality factor at low temperatures.The value of the Richardson constant obtained without considering the inhomogeneous barrier heights is much closer than the theoretical value.The Cu-nMoSe_(2)(a−plane)Schottky diode shows better results in comparison with the nMoSe_(2)(c-plane)Schottky diode.
文摘Herein,we report the magnetic properties of α-MoO3nanofibers synthesized via a hydrothermal method.X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopic studies have been employed to evidence the presence of oxygen vacancy defects in the α-MoO3nanofibers.To elucidate the oxygen vacancy related ferromagnetism,post-thermal annealing in oxygen and vacuum was performed.The UV emission band of α-MoO3nanofibers reveals a red shift from oxygen annealed to vacuum annealed,indicating a bandedge reduction.The saturation magnetization of oxygen annealed nanofibers decreases while that of vacuum annealed nanofibers increases.These results strongly confirm that the oxygen vacancies play a significant role in inducing ferromagnetism.The origin of ferromagnetism may be due to the exchange interactions among localized electron spin moments resulting from oxygen vacancies of α-MoO3nanofibers.The presence of such defects was further supported by the photoluminescence measurements.
