目的分析1990年与2017年中国前列腺癌的疾病负担及变化趋势。方法采用2017年全球疾病负担(The Global Burden of Diseases 2017,GBD 2017)的研究结果,通过前列腺癌发病率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(Disability-Adjusted Life Years,DALY...目的分析1990年与2017年中国前列腺癌的疾病负担及变化趋势。方法采用2017年全球疾病负担(The Global Burden of Diseases 2017,GBD 2017)的研究结果,通过前列腺癌发病率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(Disability-Adjusted Life Years,DALY)、过早死亡损失寿命年(Years of Life Lost,YLL)、伤残损失寿命年(Years Lived with Disability,YLD)及其标化率对1990年和2017年间中国前列腺癌的疾病负担进行描述。结果2017年中国前列腺癌发病例数为14.49万,标化发病率为16.57/10万,死亡例数为5.17万,标化死亡率为6.8/10万。与1990年相比,发病例数增加了432.72%,标化发病率增加了98.21%,死亡例数增加了158.5%,标化死亡率降低了3.82%。发病率和死亡率随年龄的增加呈现出上升的趋势。相比1990年,2017年我国前列腺癌的DALY标化率降低了3.81%,YLL标化率降低了9.73%,YLD标化率增加了134.56%。结论与1990年相比,2017年我国前列腺癌的疾病负担整体呈下降趋势,但YLD呈现上升的趋势。老年人群的前列腺癌疾病负担仍然很高,应为重点关注人群。展开更多
Wave energy has drawn much attention as an achievable way to exploit the renewable energy. At present, in order to enhance the wave energy extraction, most efforts have been concentrated on optimizing the wave energy ...Wave energy has drawn much attention as an achievable way to exploit the renewable energy. At present, in order to enhance the wave energy extraction, most efforts have been concentrated on optimizing the wave energy convertor and the power take-off system mechanically and electrically. However, focusing the wave power in specific wave field could also be an alternative to improve the wave energy extraction. In this experimental study, the Bragg resonance effect is applied to focus the wave energy. Because the Bragg resonance effect of the rippled bottom largely amplifies the wave reflection, leading to a significant increase of wave focusing. Achieved with an energy conversion system consisting of a point absorber and a permanent magnet single phase linear motor, the wave energy extracted in the wave flume with and without Bragg resonance effect was measured and compared quantitatively in experiment. It shows that energy extraction by a point absorber from a standing wave field resulted from Bragg resonance effect can be remarkably increased compared with that from a propagating wave field （without Bragg resonance effect）.展开更多
Wave overtopping at a sea dike was observed using video images during a storm in July 2018 at Rizhao Coast,China.A shore-based video monitoring system was mounted to collect coastal images with a sample frequency of 1...Wave overtopping at a sea dike was observed using video images during a storm in July 2018 at Rizhao Coast,China.A shore-based video monitoring system was mounted to collect coastal images with a sample frequency of 1 Hz in the beginning 10 min of each hour during daylight.A method to extract the frequency,location,width and duration of individual overtopping events based on the shore-based video monitoring system was developed.A total of 6252 individual overtopping events were detected over a 360m long sea dike during the storm of 10 h in a safe and labor-saving way,enabling a detailed analysis of the temporal and spatial variation of wave overtopping.The temporal variation of overtopping duration,frequency and volume is basically in sync with the change of tidal level(R=0.87,0.82 and 0.76,respectively).The increase of wave height increases the overtopping frequency significantly.We found a high correlation between the hourly observed data and the predicted results of two commonly used formulae.Unlike the previous field measurements of overtopping that were limited in a single location,significant spatial variation of overtopping in the alongshore direction is found.The overtopping volume varies with a factor of 6 within the range of several wave lengths.It is further revealed that the spatial variation of overtopping is highly correlated with the alongshore variation of surf zone width with a correlation coefficient of 0.895.The present study suggests the feasibility of shore-based video monitoring technique to capture the main features of wave overtopping at coastal dikes,providing new possibilities to monitor wave overtopping in the field and to improve prediction tools.展开更多
Docetaxel-based chemotherapy remains the first-line treatment for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer （mCRPC） in China; however, the prognostic factors associated with effects in these pati...Docetaxel-based chemotherapy remains the first-line treatment for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer （mCRPC） in China; however, the prognostic factors associated with effects in these patients are still controversial. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the data from 71 eligible Chinese patients who received docetaxel chemotherapy from 2009 to 2016 in our hospital and experienced a reduction of prostate-specific antigen （PSA） level 〉50% during the treatment and investigated the potential role of time to nadir （TTN） of PSA. TTN was defined as the time from start of chemotherapy to the nadir of PSA level during the treatment. Multivariable Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to predict overall survival （OS）. In these patients, the median of TTN was 17 weeks. Patients with TTN ≥17 weeks had a longer response time to chemotherapy compared to TTN 〈17 weeks （42.83 vs 21.50 weeks, P 〈 0.001）. The time to PSA progression in patients with TTN ：〉17 weeks was 11.44 weeks compared to 5.63 weeks when TTN was 〈17 weeks. We found several factors to be associated with OS, including TTN （hazard ratio [HR]. 3.937, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 1.502-10.309, P = 0.005）, PSA level at the diagnosis of cancer （HR： 4,337, 95% CI： 1.616-11.645, P= 0.004）, duration of initial androgen deprivation therapy （HR： 2.982, 95% CI： 1.104-8.045, P= 0.031）, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio （HR： 3.963, 95% CI： 1.380-11.384, P = 0.011）, and total PSA response （Class 1 [〈0 response] compared to Class 2 [0-50% response], HR： 3.978, 95% CI： 1.278-12.387, P = 0.017）. In conclusion, TTN of PSA remains an important prognostic marker in predicting therapeutic outcome in Chinese population who receive chemotherapy for mCRPC and have 〉50% PSA remission.展开更多
文摘目的分析1990年与2017年中国前列腺癌的疾病负担及变化趋势。方法采用2017年全球疾病负担(The Global Burden of Diseases 2017,GBD 2017)的研究结果,通过前列腺癌发病率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(Disability-Adjusted Life Years,DALY)、过早死亡损失寿命年(Years of Life Lost,YLL)、伤残损失寿命年(Years Lived with Disability,YLD)及其标化率对1990年和2017年间中国前列腺癌的疾病负担进行描述。结果2017年中国前列腺癌发病例数为14.49万,标化发病率为16.57/10万,死亡例数为5.17万,标化死亡率为6.8/10万。与1990年相比,发病例数增加了432.72%,标化发病率增加了98.21%,死亡例数增加了158.5%,标化死亡率降低了3.82%。发病率和死亡率随年龄的增加呈现出上升的趋势。相比1990年,2017年我国前列腺癌的DALY标化率降低了3.81%,YLL标化率降低了9.73%,YLD标化率增加了134.56%。结论与1990年相比,2017年我国前列腺癌的疾病负担整体呈下降趋势,但YLD呈现上升的趋势。老年人群的前列腺癌疾病负担仍然很高,应为重点关注人群。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(Grant Nos.51579091,51379071,and 51137002)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province,the Basic Research Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University(Grant Nos.20145027512 and 20145028412)+1 种基金the Short-term Research Visits Project supported by Disaster Prevention Research Institute of Kyoto University(Grant No.27S-02)the FundZamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Hohai University(Grant No.2016B05214)
文摘Wave energy has drawn much attention as an achievable way to exploit the renewable energy. At present, in order to enhance the wave energy extraction, most efforts have been concentrated on optimizing the wave energy convertor and the power take-off system mechanically and electrically. However, focusing the wave power in specific wave field could also be an alternative to improve the wave energy extraction. In this experimental study, the Bragg resonance effect is applied to focus the wave energy. Because the Bragg resonance effect of the rippled bottom largely amplifies the wave reflection, leading to a significant increase of wave focusing. Achieved with an energy conversion system consisting of a point absorber and a permanent magnet single phase linear motor, the wave energy extracted in the wave flume with and without Bragg resonance effect was measured and compared quantitatively in experiment. It shows that energy extraction by a point absorber from a standing wave field resulted from Bragg resonance effect can be remarkably increased compared with that from a propagating wave field （without Bragg resonance effect）.
基金This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.B200202064,B200201064)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.51425901)+2 种基金the Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal Disaster and Protection,Hohai University(Grant No.202003)Projects supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41930538)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51879096,51909076).
文摘Wave overtopping at a sea dike was observed using video images during a storm in July 2018 at Rizhao Coast,China.A shore-based video monitoring system was mounted to collect coastal images with a sample frequency of 1 Hz in the beginning 10 min of each hour during daylight.A method to extract the frequency,location,width and duration of individual overtopping events based on the shore-based video monitoring system was developed.A total of 6252 individual overtopping events were detected over a 360m long sea dike during the storm of 10 h in a safe and labor-saving way,enabling a detailed analysis of the temporal and spatial variation of wave overtopping.The temporal variation of overtopping duration,frequency and volume is basically in sync with the change of tidal level(R=0.87,0.82 and 0.76,respectively).The increase of wave height increases the overtopping frequency significantly.We found a high correlation between the hourly observed data and the predicted results of two commonly used formulae.Unlike the previous field measurements of overtopping that were limited in a single location,significant spatial variation of overtopping in the alongshore direction is found.The overtopping volume varies with a factor of 6 within the range of several wave lengths.It is further revealed that the spatial variation of overtopping is highly correlated with the alongshore variation of surf zone width with a correlation coefficient of 0.895.The present study suggests the feasibility of shore-based video monitoring technique to capture the main features of wave overtopping at coastal dikes,providing new possibilities to monitor wave overtopping in the field and to improve prediction tools.
基金This study was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC 81202014 to KJW, NSFC 81130041 to DLH） and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities （to KIW）.
文摘Docetaxel-based chemotherapy remains the first-line treatment for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer （mCRPC） in China; however, the prognostic factors associated with effects in these patients are still controversial. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the data from 71 eligible Chinese patients who received docetaxel chemotherapy from 2009 to 2016 in our hospital and experienced a reduction of prostate-specific antigen （PSA） level 〉50% during the treatment and investigated the potential role of time to nadir （TTN） of PSA. TTN was defined as the time from start of chemotherapy to the nadir of PSA level during the treatment. Multivariable Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to predict overall survival （OS）. In these patients, the median of TTN was 17 weeks. Patients with TTN ≥17 weeks had a longer response time to chemotherapy compared to TTN 〈17 weeks （42.83 vs 21.50 weeks, P 〈 0.001）. The time to PSA progression in patients with TTN ：〉17 weeks was 11.44 weeks compared to 5.63 weeks when TTN was 〈17 weeks. We found several factors to be associated with OS, including TTN （hazard ratio [HR]. 3.937, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 1.502-10.309, P = 0.005）, PSA level at the diagnosis of cancer （HR： 4,337, 95% CI： 1.616-11.645, P= 0.004）, duration of initial androgen deprivation therapy （HR： 2.982, 95% CI： 1.104-8.045, P= 0.031）, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio （HR： 3.963, 95% CI： 1.380-11.384, P = 0.011）, and total PSA response （Class 1 [〈0 response] compared to Class 2 [0-50% response], HR： 3.978, 95% CI： 1.278-12.387, P = 0.017）. In conclusion, TTN of PSA remains an important prognostic marker in predicting therapeutic outcome in Chinese population who receive chemotherapy for mCRPC and have 〉50% PSA remission.
