Background:Currently,increasing attention is being paid to the important role of intestinal microbiome in diabetes.However,few studies have evaluated the characteristics of gut microbiome in diabetic miniature pigs,de...Background:Currently,increasing attention is being paid to the important role of intestinal microbiome in diabetes.However,few studies have evaluated the characteristics of gut microbiome in diabetic miniature pigs,despite it being a good model animal for assessing diabetes.Methods:In this study,a mini-pig diabetes model(DM)was established by 9-month high-fat diet(HFD)combined with lowdose streptozotocin,while the animals fed standard chow diet constituted the control group.16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene sequencing was performed to assess the characteristics of the intestinal microbiome in diabetic mini-pigs.Results:The results showed that microbial structure in diabetic mini-pigs was altered,reflected by increases in levels of Coprococcus_3 and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1,which were positively correlated with diabetes,and decreases in levels of the bac-teria Rikenellaceae,Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group,and Bacteroidales_RF16_group,which were inversely correlated with blood glucose and insulin resistance.Moreover,PICRUSt-predicted pathways related to the glycolysis and Entner-Doudoroff superpathway,enterobactin biosynthesis,and the L-tryptophan biosynthesis were significantly elevated in the DM group.Conclusion:These results reveal the composition and predictive functions of the intestinal microbiome in the mini-pig diabetes model,further verifying the relationship between HFD,gut microbiome,and diabetes,and providing novel insights into the application of the mini-pig diabetes model in gut microbiome research.展开更多
Small molecules loaded into biological materials present a promising strategy for stimulating endogenous repair mechanisms for in situ skin regeneration.Lithium can modulate various biologic processes,promoting prolif...Small molecules loaded into biological materials present a promising strategy for stimulating endogenous repair mechanisms for in situ skin regeneration.Lithium can modulate various biologic processes,promoting proliferation,angiogenesis,and decreasing inflammation.However,its role in skin repair is rarely reported.In this study,we loaded lithium chloride(LiCl)into the chitosan(CHI)hydrogel and develop a sterile and biocompatible sponge scaffold through freeze-drying.In-vitro assessment demonstrated that the CHI-LiCl composite scaffolds(CLiS)possessed favorable cytocompatibility,swelling and biodegradation.We created full-thickness skin wounds in male C57BL/c mice to evaluate the healing capacity of CLiS.Compared with the wounds of control and CHI scaffold(CS)groups,the wounds in the CLiS-treated group showed reduced inflammation,improved angiogenesis,accelerated re-epithelialization,sustained high expression ofβ-catenin with a small amount of regenerated hair follicles.Therefore,CLiS may be a promising therapeutic dressing for skin wound repair and regeneration.展开更多
Background:Miniature pigs are attractive animal models for exploring diabetes because they are similar to humans in terms of physiological structure and metabolism.However,little is known about the complications of di...Background:Miniature pigs are attractive animal models for exploring diabetes because they are similar to humans in terms of physiological structure and metabolism.However,little is known about the complications of diabetes in pigs.Methods:In this study,a 28-month observation of a Wuzhishan miniature pig with streptozotocin(STZ)-induced(120 mg/kg)diabetes was conducted,to investigate diabetes-related complications and the possibility of self-recovery in miniature pigs.Blood glucose,serum and urinary biochemistry was measured,and histopathologic examinations of eyes,kidney and pancreas were made.Results:During the observation,diabetic complications of eyes and kidney were observed.The eye complications included bilateral cataracts in the 15th month and degeneration of inner retina and microaneurysm in the 28th month.Kidney complications included glomerular mesangial expansion,focal segmental glomerular sclerosis,and renal tubular epithelial degeneration,but no proteinuria was observed.By 28 months after the application of STZ,with no treatment given,blood glucose had recovered and the number of pancreatic islet beta-cells had increased significantly.Conclusions:We showed that the STZ-induced diabetes model in miniature pigs could accurately mimic the pathological changes of human diabetes,and that pancreatic islet beta-cell regeneration did occur in an adult miniature pig,providing a new means for exploring diabetic complications and pancreatic islet beta-cell regeneration.展开更多
As a specific gene of fish,cytochrome P450c17-Ⅱ(CYP17-Ⅱ) gene plays a key role in the growth,development and reproduction level of fish.In this study,the single-stranded conformational polymorphism(SSCP) technique w...As a specific gene of fish,cytochrome P450c17-Ⅱ(CYP17-Ⅱ) gene plays a key role in the growth,development and reproduction level of fish.In this study,the single-stranded conformational polymorphism(SSCP) technique was used to characterize polymorphisms within the coding region of CYP17-Ⅱ gene in a population of 75 male Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus).Three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were identified in CYP17-Ⅱ gene of Japanese flounder.They were c.G594A(p.G188R),c.G939A and c.G1502A(p.G490D).SNP1(c.G594A),located in exon 4 of CYP17-Ⅱ gene,was significantly associated with gonadosomatic index(GSI).Individuals with genotype GG of SNP1 had significantly lower GSI(P < 0.05) than those with geno-type AA or AG.SNP2(c.G939A) located at the CpG island of CYP17-Ⅱ gene.The mutation changed the methylation of exon 6.Indi-viduals with genotype AA of SNP2 had significantly lower serum testosterone(T) level and hepatosomatic index(HSI) compared to those with genotype GG.The results suggested that SNP2 could influence the reproductive endocrine of male Japanese flounder.How-ever,the SNP3(c.G1502A) located in exon 9 did not affect the four measured reproductive traits.This study showed that CYP17-Ⅱ gene could be a potentially useful candidate gene for the research of genetic breeding and physiological aspects of Japanese flounder.展开更多
The excessive exploitation of rare earth elements(REEs)has caused major losses of non-renewable resources and damage to the ecosystem.The processes of mining and smelting produce massive amounts of wastewater with low...The excessive exploitation of rare earth elements(REEs)has caused major losses of non-renewable resources and damage to the ecosystem.The processes of mining and smelting produce massive amounts of wastewater with low concentrations of REEs.Consequently,the enrichment and recovery of low-concentration REEs from wastewater has significant economic and environmental value.For this purpose,operation under large phase ratios(the flow rate ratio between the aqueous phase and extractant)is more desirable and economically viable.However,the traditional REE extraction process suffers from the uneven dispersion of the extractant and the difficulty of phase separation,which leads to long extraction times and large consumption of extractants.Hence,there is an urgent need to develop a green and efficient technique to extract low concentrations of REEs from wastewater.In this work,a droplet-based microfluidic technique was used to continuously extract and recover low-concentration REEs at large phase ratios.Snowman-shaped magnetic Janus nanoparticles were added to the continuous phase as emulifiers to failitate uniform extractant dispersion and rapid phase separation.Several key factors affecting the extraction efficiency,including pH,residence time,and the amount of added Janus nanoparticles,were systematically investigated.Compared to batch extraction,droplet-based microfluidic extraction with the addition of Janus nanoparticles showed the advantages of a large speific surface area and fast phase separation during extraction.Meanwhile,the Janus nanoparticles exhibited good emulsification performance after three extraction cycles,In summary,the Janus nanoparticle-stabilized droplet generated by microfluidic methods provides a feasible path for the efficient enrichment and recovery of low-concentration REEs.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:31802021。
文摘Background:Currently,increasing attention is being paid to the important role of intestinal microbiome in diabetes.However,few studies have evaluated the characteristics of gut microbiome in diabetic miniature pigs,despite it being a good model animal for assessing diabetes.Methods:In this study,a mini-pig diabetes model(DM)was established by 9-month high-fat diet(HFD)combined with lowdose streptozotocin,while the animals fed standard chow diet constituted the control group.16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene sequencing was performed to assess the characteristics of the intestinal microbiome in diabetic mini-pigs.Results:The results showed that microbial structure in diabetic mini-pigs was altered,reflected by increases in levels of Coprococcus_3 and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1,which were positively correlated with diabetes,and decreases in levels of the bac-teria Rikenellaceae,Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group,and Bacteroidales_RF16_group,which were inversely correlated with blood glucose and insulin resistance.Moreover,PICRUSt-predicted pathways related to the glycolysis and Entner-Doudoroff superpathway,enterobactin biosynthesis,and the L-tryptophan biosynthesis were significantly elevated in the DM group.Conclusion:These results reveal the composition and predictive functions of the intestinal microbiome in the mini-pig diabetes model,further verifying the relationship between HFD,gut microbiome,and diabetes,and providing novel insights into the application of the mini-pig diabetes model in gut microbiome research.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2017YFC1104701 and 2017YFC1103300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81721092 and 81501669)the Key Research and Development Project of Hainan(ZDYF2016135 and ZDYF2017095).
文摘Small molecules loaded into biological materials present a promising strategy for stimulating endogenous repair mechanisms for in situ skin regeneration.Lithium can modulate various biologic processes,promoting proliferation,angiogenesis,and decreasing inflammation.However,its role in skin repair is rarely reported.In this study,we loaded lithium chloride(LiCl)into the chitosan(CHI)hydrogel and develop a sterile and biocompatible sponge scaffold through freeze-drying.In-vitro assessment demonstrated that the CHI-LiCl composite scaffolds(CLiS)possessed favorable cytocompatibility,swelling and biodegradation.We created full-thickness skin wounds in male C57BL/c mice to evaluate the healing capacity of CLiS.Compared with the wounds of control and CHI scaffold(CS)groups,the wounds in the CLiS-treated group showed reduced inflammation,improved angiogenesis,accelerated re-epithelialization,sustained high expression ofβ-catenin with a small amount of regenerated hair follicles.Therefore,CLiS may be a promising therapeutic dressing for skin wound repair and regeneration.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 31472057 and 31802021Science and Technology Innovation Nursery Foundation of Chinese PLA General Hospital under Grant 16KMM51.
文摘Background:Miniature pigs are attractive animal models for exploring diabetes because they are similar to humans in terms of physiological structure and metabolism.However,little is known about the complications of diabetes in pigs.Methods:In this study,a 28-month observation of a Wuzhishan miniature pig with streptozotocin(STZ)-induced(120 mg/kg)diabetes was conducted,to investigate diabetes-related complications and the possibility of self-recovery in miniature pigs.Blood glucose,serum and urinary biochemistry was measured,and histopathologic examinations of eyes,kidney and pancreas were made.Results:During the observation,diabetic complications of eyes and kidney were observed.The eye complications included bilateral cataracts in the 15th month and degeneration of inner retina and microaneurysm in the 28th month.Kidney complications included glomerular mesangial expansion,focal segmental glomerular sclerosis,and renal tubular epithelial degeneration,but no proteinuria was observed.By 28 months after the application of STZ,with no treatment given,blood glucose had recovered and the number of pancreatic islet beta-cells had increased significantly.Conclusions:We showed that the STZ-induced diabetes model in miniature pigs could accurately mimic the pathological changes of human diabetes,and that pancreatic islet beta-cell regeneration did occur in an adult miniature pig,providing a new means for exploring diabetic complications and pancreatic islet beta-cell regeneration.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foun-dation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2009DQ011)the New Teacher Special Fund of Doctor of the Ministry of Education of China(No.20090132120006)the Postdoctoral Innovative Projects of Shandong Province,China(No.200702039)
文摘As a specific gene of fish,cytochrome P450c17-Ⅱ(CYP17-Ⅱ) gene plays a key role in the growth,development and reproduction level of fish.In this study,the single-stranded conformational polymorphism(SSCP) technique was used to characterize polymorphisms within the coding region of CYP17-Ⅱ gene in a population of 75 male Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus).Three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were identified in CYP17-Ⅱ gene of Japanese flounder.They were c.G594A(p.G188R),c.G939A and c.G1502A(p.G490D).SNP1(c.G594A),located in exon 4 of CYP17-Ⅱ gene,was significantly associated with gonadosomatic index(GSI).Individuals with genotype GG of SNP1 had significantly lower GSI(P < 0.05) than those with geno-type AA or AG.SNP2(c.G939A) located at the CpG island of CYP17-Ⅱ gene.The mutation changed the methylation of exon 6.Indi-viduals with genotype AA of SNP2 had significantly lower serum testosterone(T) level and hepatosomatic index(HSI) compared to those with genotype GG.The results suggested that SNP2 could influence the reproductive endocrine of male Japanese flounder.How-ever,the SNP3(c.G1502A) located in exon 9 did not affect the four measured reproductive traits.This study showed that CYP17-Ⅱ gene could be a potentially useful candidate gene for the research of genetic breeding and physiological aspects of Japanese flounder.
基金supports of the National Nat ural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.22108147 and 22025801)Shui Mu Xue Zhe of Tsinghua University(Grant No.2020SM056),China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M691761)for this work.
文摘The excessive exploitation of rare earth elements(REEs)has caused major losses of non-renewable resources and damage to the ecosystem.The processes of mining and smelting produce massive amounts of wastewater with low concentrations of REEs.Consequently,the enrichment and recovery of low-concentration REEs from wastewater has significant economic and environmental value.For this purpose,operation under large phase ratios(the flow rate ratio between the aqueous phase and extractant)is more desirable and economically viable.However,the traditional REE extraction process suffers from the uneven dispersion of the extractant and the difficulty of phase separation,which leads to long extraction times and large consumption of extractants.Hence,there is an urgent need to develop a green and efficient technique to extract low concentrations of REEs from wastewater.In this work,a droplet-based microfluidic technique was used to continuously extract and recover low-concentration REEs at large phase ratios.Snowman-shaped magnetic Janus nanoparticles were added to the continuous phase as emulifiers to failitate uniform extractant dispersion and rapid phase separation.Several key factors affecting the extraction efficiency,including pH,residence time,and the amount of added Janus nanoparticles,were systematically investigated.Compared to batch extraction,droplet-based microfluidic extraction with the addition of Janus nanoparticles showed the advantages of a large speific surface area and fast phase separation during extraction.Meanwhile,the Janus nanoparticles exhibited good emulsification performance after three extraction cycles,In summary,the Janus nanoparticle-stabilized droplet generated by microfluidic methods provides a feasible path for the efficient enrichment and recovery of low-concentration REEs.
