This study focuses on Early Cretaceous mudstones from the Shahai and Fuxin formations in the Fuxin continental basin. We analyse chemical weathering, land surface temperatures and palaeoclimates based on chemical weat...This study focuses on Early Cretaceous mudstones from the Shahai and Fuxin formations in the Fuxin continental basin. We analyse chemical weathering, land surface temperatures and palaeoclimates based on chemical weathering indices, and emphasize the implications of continental chemical weathering on nutrient fluxes into lakes and oceans.According to Cr and Ni abundance, Al2O3-TiO2, La/Sc-Th/Co and V-Ni-Th×10 plots, as well as rare earth element(REE)analysis, mudstone samples from the Shahai and Fuxin formations were derived from the same type of provenance comprising mainly felsic igneous rocks. Chemical weathering trends reflected by the Chemical Index of Alteration(CIA),Weathering Index of Parker(WIP) and the Mafic Index of Alteration for Oxidative weathering environments(MIA(O)) are consistent with each other and allow the geological succession to be divided into four stages. Land surface temperatures of the Shahai and Fuxin formations are estimated based on the linear relationship of CIA to temperature,and also can be divided into four stages consistent with those determined from chemical weathering trends. During Stage A(early part of the late Aptian) chemical weathering and land surface temperatures were relatively low and showed characteristic high fluctuations, while Stage B(latest Aptian) represented a transitional period where weathering rates and temperatures increased, and high amplitude fluctuations continued. Conditions changed markedly in Stage C(early Albian) with very high and stable weathering, and warm, humid climates, while in Stage D(middle and late Albian) conditions returned to low chemical weathering and land surface temperatures. These stages of chemical weathering and land surface temperature fluctuations represent responses to global climate fluctuations during the Early Cretaceous, with the early Albian high weathering intensities and warm, humid climates combining to create high nutrient levels that would have flushed through rivers into lakes and ultimately oceans. This correlates 展开更多
BACKGROUND: Survivin is a new and important gene in the regulation of apoptosis. It is very important to explore the effect of the expression of survivin protein caused by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The effect ...BACKGROUND: Survivin is a new and important gene in the regulation of apoptosis. It is very important to explore the effect of the expression of survivin protein caused by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The effect of IR injury caused by ischemic preconditioning (IP) on the liver in rats and the relation between the protective effect of IP and the expression of survivin are unclear. METHODS: One hundred and fifty male Wistar rats (weighing 190-210 g, aged 6-7 weeks) were divided into three groups at random: ischemic preconditioning (IP), ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and sham-operation (SO). Sample specimens were collected from each group at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after reperfusion. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue was measured. Pathological changes in the liver and immunohistochemical staining for survivin were determined with an optical microscope. RESULTS: The ALT levels in the IP and IR groups after reperfusion at each time were higher than those in the SO group (P<0.05), whereas after reperfusion for 6 and 12 hours, the ALT levels in the IP group were lower than those in the IR group (P<0.05). The AST levels in all IP and IR groups were higher than those in the SO group (P<0.05), whereas after reperfusion for 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, the AST levels in the IP group were lower than those in the IR group (P<0.05). The MDA concentrations after reperfusion in the IP group were lower than those in the IR group (P<0.05), though the MDA concentrations in the IP and IR groups increased in contrast to those in the SO group after reperfusion at each time (P<0.05). After reperfusion for 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, the number of survivin-positive cells was larger in the IP and IR groups than in the SO group (P<0.05). After reperfusion for 12, 24, and 48 hours the number of survivin-positive cells in the IP group increased compared with that in the IR group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IR increases 展开更多
目的:探究牡荆素(Vitexin)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤(CIRI)后的小胶质细胞巨噬细胞M2极化的影响。方法:采用改良的Longa法建立大鼠右侧中动脉阻塞/再灌注(MCAO/R)模型。建模后,将大鼠分为假手术组(Sham,n=10)、MCAO/R组(n=12)、Vitexin组(...目的:探究牡荆素(Vitexin)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤(CIRI)后的小胶质细胞巨噬细胞M2极化的影响。方法:采用改良的Longa法建立大鼠右侧中动脉阻塞/再灌注(MCAO/R)模型。建模后,将大鼠分为假手术组(Sham,n=10)、MCAO/R组(n=12)、Vitexin组(n=12)和Vitexin+脂多糖(LPS)组(n=12)。Sham组和MCAO/R组腹腔注射2 m L 0.9%生理盐水,Vitexin组腹腔注射2 m L牡荆素溶液(3 mg/kg),Vitexin+LPS组腹腔注射1 m L牡荆素溶液(3 mg/kg)和1 m L LPS溶液(0.5 mg/kg)。1次/d,连续14 d。给药14 d后,根据Zea Longa 5分法对大鼠进行神经功能评分。通过2,3,5-三苯基四唑氯化物(TTC)法检测脑梗死体积。采用双重免疫荧光染色方法检测大脑缺血半影区CD16/32+/Iba1+、CD206+/Iba1+的共表达。通过qRT-PCR或Western blot检测大脑缺血半影区Toll样受体4(TLR4)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-1β、IL-4、IL-10、核因子-κB(NF-κB)p65的mRNA或蛋白表达。使用商用试剂盒检测大脑缺血半影区丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的含量。结果:与MCAO/R组相比,Vitexin组神经功能评分降低,脑梗死体积降低,MDA水平降低,SOD和GSH-Px水平升高(P<0.05)。与MCAO/R组相比,Vitexin组CD16/32+/Iba1+的阳性细胞数量降低,CD206+/Iba1+的阳性细胞数量升高,TNF-α和IL-1β的mRNA水平降低,而IL-4和IL-10的mRNA水平升高(P<0.05)。与MCAO/R组相比,Vitexin组TLR4 mRNA和蛋白水平降低,细胞核NF-κB p65的蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05)。然而,LPS给药逆转了牡荆素对上述指标的影响(P<0.05)。结论:牡荆素部分通过TLR4/NF-κB信号通路促进大鼠CIRI后小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞向M2表型极化,从而促进神经功能恢复。展开更多
【目的】探讨实时二维剪切波弹性成像(2D SWE)评估慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭(ACLF-HBV)患者预后的临床应用价值。【方法】入组对象为2013年10月1日至2015年12月31日我院感染科确诊的312例慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者。观察终点为90 d,根...【目的】探讨实时二维剪切波弹性成像(2D SWE)评估慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭(ACLF-HBV)患者预后的临床应用价值。【方法】入组对象为2013年10月1日至2015年12月31日我院感染科确诊的312例慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者。观察终点为90 d,根据临床结局分为好转组192例和恶化组120例。入组后3 d内,应用2D SWE进行肝脏硬度测量,收集患者血常规、凝血、生化等血清学指标,观察患者肝实质回声均匀度、肝包膜光滑度、右肝厚度、胆囊壁厚度、脾脏指数、腹水指数、门静脉主干内径、附脐静脉是否重开,计算终末期肝病评分(MELD)、CTP评分(CTP)、皇家医学院医院评分(KCH),入组后每2-4周动态检测2D SWE,直至患者出院或死亡\肝移植。【结果】恶化组的2D SWE高于好转组[(44.0±7.5)k Pa vs(36.8±10.3)k Pa,t=-6.5,P=0.000],39.2 k Pa可作为预后不良的阈值。2D SWE评估ACLF-HBV患者预后的受试者操作特征曲线下面积(AUROC)为0.73,预后效能高于KCH(AUROC:0.65,z=2.1,P=0.033)。动态检测2D SWE,好转组维持在40 k Pa以下,恶化组则一直高于40 k Pa,并有升高趋势。【结论】2D SWE评估ACLF-HBV患者预后的准确性较高,测值高于39.2 k Pa的患者预后较差,反之预后较好;动态检测2D SWE的变化对于ACLF-HBV患者的预后评估也有潜在价值。展开更多
基金supported by the Yue Qi Scholar Fund of China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41572090)Shandong Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Mineral, Shandong University of Science and Technology (DMSM20190015)。
文摘This study focuses on Early Cretaceous mudstones from the Shahai and Fuxin formations in the Fuxin continental basin. We analyse chemical weathering, land surface temperatures and palaeoclimates based on chemical weathering indices, and emphasize the implications of continental chemical weathering on nutrient fluxes into lakes and oceans.According to Cr and Ni abundance, Al2O3-TiO2, La/Sc-Th/Co and V-Ni-Th×10 plots, as well as rare earth element(REE)analysis, mudstone samples from the Shahai and Fuxin formations were derived from the same type of provenance comprising mainly felsic igneous rocks. Chemical weathering trends reflected by the Chemical Index of Alteration(CIA),Weathering Index of Parker(WIP) and the Mafic Index of Alteration for Oxidative weathering environments(MIA(O)) are consistent with each other and allow the geological succession to be divided into four stages. Land surface temperatures of the Shahai and Fuxin formations are estimated based on the linear relationship of CIA to temperature,and also can be divided into four stages consistent with those determined from chemical weathering trends. During Stage A(early part of the late Aptian) chemical weathering and land surface temperatures were relatively low and showed characteristic high fluctuations, while Stage B(latest Aptian) represented a transitional period where weathering rates and temperatures increased, and high amplitude fluctuations continued. Conditions changed markedly in Stage C(early Albian) with very high and stable weathering, and warm, humid climates, while in Stage D(middle and late Albian) conditions returned to low chemical weathering and land surface temperatures. These stages of chemical weathering and land surface temperature fluctuations represent responses to global climate fluctuations during the Early Cretaceous, with the early Albian high weathering intensities and warm, humid climates combining to create high nutrient levels that would have flushed through rivers into lakes and ultimately oceans. This correlates
基金supported by a grant from the Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(No.20042062)
文摘BACKGROUND: Survivin is a new and important gene in the regulation of apoptosis. It is very important to explore the effect of the expression of survivin protein caused by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The effect of IR injury caused by ischemic preconditioning (IP) on the liver in rats and the relation between the protective effect of IP and the expression of survivin are unclear. METHODS: One hundred and fifty male Wistar rats (weighing 190-210 g, aged 6-7 weeks) were divided into three groups at random: ischemic preconditioning (IP), ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and sham-operation (SO). Sample specimens were collected from each group at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after reperfusion. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue was measured. Pathological changes in the liver and immunohistochemical staining for survivin were determined with an optical microscope. RESULTS: The ALT levels in the IP and IR groups after reperfusion at each time were higher than those in the SO group (P<0.05), whereas after reperfusion for 6 and 12 hours, the ALT levels in the IP group were lower than those in the IR group (P<0.05). The AST levels in all IP and IR groups were higher than those in the SO group (P<0.05), whereas after reperfusion for 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, the AST levels in the IP group were lower than those in the IR group (P<0.05). The MDA concentrations after reperfusion in the IP group were lower than those in the IR group (P<0.05), though the MDA concentrations in the IP and IR groups increased in contrast to those in the SO group after reperfusion at each time (P<0.05). After reperfusion for 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, the number of survivin-positive cells was larger in the IP and IR groups than in the SO group (P<0.05). After reperfusion for 12, 24, and 48 hours the number of survivin-positive cells in the IP group increased compared with that in the IR group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IR increases
文摘目的:探究牡荆素(Vitexin)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤(CIRI)后的小胶质细胞巨噬细胞M2极化的影响。方法:采用改良的Longa法建立大鼠右侧中动脉阻塞/再灌注(MCAO/R)模型。建模后,将大鼠分为假手术组(Sham,n=10)、MCAO/R组(n=12)、Vitexin组(n=12)和Vitexin+脂多糖(LPS)组(n=12)。Sham组和MCAO/R组腹腔注射2 m L 0.9%生理盐水,Vitexin组腹腔注射2 m L牡荆素溶液(3 mg/kg),Vitexin+LPS组腹腔注射1 m L牡荆素溶液(3 mg/kg)和1 m L LPS溶液(0.5 mg/kg)。1次/d,连续14 d。给药14 d后,根据Zea Longa 5分法对大鼠进行神经功能评分。通过2,3,5-三苯基四唑氯化物(TTC)法检测脑梗死体积。采用双重免疫荧光染色方法检测大脑缺血半影区CD16/32+/Iba1+、CD206+/Iba1+的共表达。通过qRT-PCR或Western blot检测大脑缺血半影区Toll样受体4(TLR4)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-1β、IL-4、IL-10、核因子-κB(NF-κB)p65的mRNA或蛋白表达。使用商用试剂盒检测大脑缺血半影区丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的含量。结果:与MCAO/R组相比,Vitexin组神经功能评分降低,脑梗死体积降低,MDA水平降低,SOD和GSH-Px水平升高(P<0.05)。与MCAO/R组相比,Vitexin组CD16/32+/Iba1+的阳性细胞数量降低,CD206+/Iba1+的阳性细胞数量升高,TNF-α和IL-1β的mRNA水平降低,而IL-4和IL-10的mRNA水平升高(P<0.05)。与MCAO/R组相比,Vitexin组TLR4 mRNA和蛋白水平降低,细胞核NF-κB p65的蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05)。然而,LPS给药逆转了牡荆素对上述指标的影响(P<0.05)。结论:牡荆素部分通过TLR4/NF-κB信号通路促进大鼠CIRI后小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞向M2表型极化,从而促进神经功能恢复。
文摘【目的】探讨实时二维剪切波弹性成像(2D SWE)评估慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭(ACLF-HBV)患者预后的临床应用价值。【方法】入组对象为2013年10月1日至2015年12月31日我院感染科确诊的312例慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者。观察终点为90 d,根据临床结局分为好转组192例和恶化组120例。入组后3 d内,应用2D SWE进行肝脏硬度测量,收集患者血常规、凝血、生化等血清学指标,观察患者肝实质回声均匀度、肝包膜光滑度、右肝厚度、胆囊壁厚度、脾脏指数、腹水指数、门静脉主干内径、附脐静脉是否重开,计算终末期肝病评分(MELD)、CTP评分(CTP)、皇家医学院医院评分(KCH),入组后每2-4周动态检测2D SWE,直至患者出院或死亡\肝移植。【结果】恶化组的2D SWE高于好转组[(44.0±7.5)k Pa vs(36.8±10.3)k Pa,t=-6.5,P=0.000],39.2 k Pa可作为预后不良的阈值。2D SWE评估ACLF-HBV患者预后的受试者操作特征曲线下面积(AUROC)为0.73,预后效能高于KCH(AUROC:0.65,z=2.1,P=0.033)。动态检测2D SWE,好转组维持在40 k Pa以下,恶化组则一直高于40 k Pa,并有升高趋势。【结论】2D SWE评估ACLF-HBV患者预后的准确性较高,测值高于39.2 k Pa的患者预后较差,反之预后较好;动态检测2D SWE的变化对于ACLF-HBV患者的预后评估也有潜在价值。
