It is known that human benign prostatic hyperplasia might arise from an estrogen/androgen （E/T） imbalance. We studied the response of castrated rat prostate to different ratios of circulating E/T. The castrated male...It is known that human benign prostatic hyperplasia might arise from an estrogen/androgen （E/T） imbalance. We studied the response of castrated rat prostate to different ratios of circulating E/T. The castrated male Wistar rats were randomly injected with E/T at different ratios for 4 weeks. The prostates of E/T （1：100） group showed a distinct prostatic hyperplasia response by prostatic index, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of a-smooth muscle actin （SMA）. In this group, cells positive for Vimentin, non-muscle myosin heavy chain （NMMHC） and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） increased in the stroma and epithelium. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain （SMMHC） and NMMHC increased. So E/T at a ratio of 1：100 can induce a stromal hyperplastic response in the prostate of castrated rats. The main change observed was an increase of smooth muscle cells, whereas some epithelial changes were also seen in the rat prostates.展开更多
The impregnation behavior of molten 2LiF–BeF_2(FLiBe) salt into a graphite matrix of fuel elements for a solid fuel thorium molten salt reactor(TMSR-SF) at pressures varying from 0.4 to 1.0 MPa was studied by mercury...The impregnation behavior of molten 2LiF–BeF_2(FLiBe) salt into a graphite matrix of fuel elements for a solid fuel thorium molten salt reactor(TMSR-SF) at pressures varying from 0.4 to 1.0 MPa was studied by mercury intrusion, molten salt impregnation, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy techniques.It was found that the entrance pore diameter of the graphite matrix is less than 1.0 μm and the contact angle is about 135°. The threshold impregnation pressure was found to be around 0.6 MPa experimentally, consistent with the predicted value of 0.57 MPa by the Washburn equation. With the increase of pressure from 0.6 to 1.0 MPa, the average weight gain of the matrix increased from 3.05 to 10.48%,corresponding to an impregnation volume increase from 2.74 to 9.40%. The diffraction patterns of FLiBe are found in matrices with high impregnation pressures(0.8 MPa and1.0 MPa). The FLiBe with sizes varying from tens of nanometers to a micrometer mainly occupies the open pores in the graphite matrix. The graphite matrix could inhibit the impregnation of the molten salt in the TMSR-SF with a maximum operation pressure of less than 0.5 MPa.展开更多
Estrogen has important roles in the initiation and development of benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH）. Regulators of the estrogen receptor （ER） are tissue- and cell-specific. We evaluated the effect of estrogen ant...Estrogen has important roles in the initiation and development of benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH）. Regulators of the estrogen receptor （ER） are tissue- and cell-specific. We evaluated the effect of estrogen antagonist, raloxifene （Ral）, on the prevention and treatment of BPH by investigating its effect on the proliferation of two different prostate cell lines： a stromal cell line, WPMY-1, and a benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cell line, BPH-1. We additionally evaluated its effect on prostatic hyperplasia induced by estrogen and androgen in a rat model. The effect of Ral on the prevention of prostatic hyperplasia was analyzed by haematoxylin and eosin staining and quantitative immunohistochemistry （IHC） for proliferating cell nuclear antigen and α-smooth muscle actin. In vitro and in vivo, tamoxifen （Tam）, another anti-estrogen drug, and finasteride （Fin）, a drug for the clinical treatment of BPH, served as efficacy controls. The in vitro data showed that neither Ral nor Tam alone affected the proliferation of WPMY-1 and BPH-1, but both antagonized the effect of oestradiol in promoting the proliferation of the two cells. Results from the IHC staining of the rat prostates indicated that, similar to Tam and Fin, Ral inhibited the proliferation of stromal cells in vivo. Interestingly, in contrast to Tam, both Ral and Fin inhibited the proliferation of epithelial cells. Furthemore, Ral treatment much strongly decreased the number of prostatic acini and the surrounding layers of smooth muscle cells than Fin （P 〈 0.05）. Our data showed for the first time that Ral may have a role in the response of the rat prostate to selective ER modulators.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Infection in liver recipients is related to high risk of transplantation failure and mortality. Infectious agents isolated from 55 liver recipients from January 2003 through June 2005 were studied to impro...BACKGROUND: Infection in liver recipients is related to high risk of transplantation failure and mortality. Infectious agents isolated from 55 liver recipients from January 2003 through June 2005 were studied to improve the anti-infectious therapy. METHODS: Pathogens were isolated from routine culture. K-B method was used to examine the drug susceptibility. Extended spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC β-lactamase and Van gene in E. coli were examined by the agar-dilution susceptibility test and Nitrocefin test. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of the 55 recipients got infection. The 513 strains of pathogens isolated from 1861 specimens were predominantly Gram negative bacteria and over 40% of them showed resistance to more than 4 drugs. The positive rates of extended spectrum β-lactamse and AmpC β-lactamse production in E. cloacae were 32.4% and 36.8%, in E. coli were 33.8% and 10.5%, but the rates of these 2 bacteria producing both lactamses were 24.3% and 7.0%. The β-lactamse production rates of Enterococcus faecalis and En-terococcus faecium were 8.8% and 11.1%, and the resistance rates to vancomycin were 11.2% and 18.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Infectious pathogens isolated from liver recipients are potent and multiple drug resistant. ESBLs and AmpC β-lactamases are the major factors associated with Gram negative drug resistance. The infection of En-terococcal species presents as a particular challenge.展开更多
Background Bacteremia remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation. This study was conducted to investigate whether the polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-β, interle...Background Bacteremia remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation. This study was conducted to investigate whether the polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-β, interleukin （IL）-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist （IL-lra） gene predicted the susceptibility to bacteremia within the first 6 months after kidney transplantation. Methods Subjects comprised 82 infected kidney transplant recipients and 60 non-infected kidney transplant recipients. Bacteremia was diagnosed in 16 of the 82 infected recipients. Genomic DNA from these 142 kidney transplant recipients was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. Regions containing the Ncol polymorphic site at position ＋252 of TNF-β gene and the Aval polymorphic site at position -511 of IL-Iβ gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and subsequently digested with Ncol and Aval restriction enzymes, respectively. The polymorphic regions within intron 2 of IL-lra gene containing variable numbers of a tandem repeat （VNTR） of 86 base pairs were amplified by PCR. Results Genotypic and allelic frequencies were similar between infected recipients and non-infected ones. Individual locus analysis showed that recipient TNF-β and IL-lra gene polymorphisms were not associated with the presence of bacteremia （P=0.684 and P=0.567, respectively）. However, genotype analysis revealed that recipient IL-1β 511CC genotype was strongly associated with susceptibility to develop bacteremia （P=0.003）. Recipient IL-1β-511CC genotype （odds ratio 5.242, 95% confidence intervals 1.645-16.706, P=0.005） independently predicted the risk for bacteremia within the first 6 months after kidney transplantation. Conclusions These findings indicate a critical role of IL-1β gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to bacteremia after kidney transplantation, which may be useful to screen for patients at higher risk for post-transplant bacteremias. Thus, the identified individuals can benefit from preventive treatment an展开更多
基金Acknowledgment This research was funded by the following grants： the National Basic Research Program （973 Program, No.2009CB918900）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （grant No. 30672101, 30872592）, the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education （No. 20070055023） and the key research project of Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission （grant No. 06YFSYSF02000, 07jczdjc08300）. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that would prejudice the impartiality of this scientific work.
文摘It is known that human benign prostatic hyperplasia might arise from an estrogen/androgen （E/T） imbalance. We studied the response of castrated rat prostate to different ratios of circulating E/T. The castrated male Wistar rats were randomly injected with E/T at different ratios for 4 weeks. The prostates of E/T （1：100） group showed a distinct prostatic hyperplasia response by prostatic index, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of a-smooth muscle actin （SMA）. In this group, cells positive for Vimentin, non-muscle myosin heavy chain （NMMHC） and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） increased in the stroma and epithelium. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain （SMMHC） and NMMHC increased. So E/T at a ratio of 1：100 can induce a stromal hyperplastic response in the prostate of castrated rats. The main change observed was an increase of smooth muscle cells, whereas some epithelial changes were also seen in the rat prostates.
基金supported by the Thorium Molten Salt Reactor Nuclear Energy System under the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA02030000)the Frontier Science Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDY-SSW-JSC016)the State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics(No.SKLPDE-KF-201811)
文摘The impregnation behavior of molten 2LiF–BeF_2(FLiBe) salt into a graphite matrix of fuel elements for a solid fuel thorium molten salt reactor(TMSR-SF) at pressures varying from 0.4 to 1.0 MPa was studied by mercury intrusion, molten salt impregnation, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy techniques.It was found that the entrance pore diameter of the graphite matrix is less than 1.0 μm and the contact angle is about 135°. The threshold impregnation pressure was found to be around 0.6 MPa experimentally, consistent with the predicted value of 0.57 MPa by the Washburn equation. With the increase of pressure from 0.6 to 1.0 MPa, the average weight gain of the matrix increased from 3.05 to 10.48%,corresponding to an impregnation volume increase from 2.74 to 9.40%. The diffraction patterns of FLiBe are found in matrices with high impregnation pressures(0.8 MPa and1.0 MPa). The FLiBe with sizes varying from tens of nanometers to a micrometer mainly occupies the open pores in the graphite matrix. The graphite matrix could inhibit the impregnation of the molten salt in the TMSR-SF with a maximum operation pressure of less than 0.5 MPa.
基金Acknowledgment This research was funded by the following grants： the National Basic Research Programs, China （973 Programs, No. 2009CB918904, No. 2010CB945003）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30872592）, Joint Research Fund for Overseas Chinese Scholars and Scholars in Hong Kong and Macao, China （No. 30928027）, and the key research project of Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission, China （No. 09ZCKFSF00800）.
文摘Estrogen has important roles in the initiation and development of benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH）. Regulators of the estrogen receptor （ER） are tissue- and cell-specific. We evaluated the effect of estrogen antagonist, raloxifene （Ral）, on the prevention and treatment of BPH by investigating its effect on the proliferation of two different prostate cell lines： a stromal cell line, WPMY-1, and a benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cell line, BPH-1. We additionally evaluated its effect on prostatic hyperplasia induced by estrogen and androgen in a rat model. The effect of Ral on the prevention of prostatic hyperplasia was analyzed by haematoxylin and eosin staining and quantitative immunohistochemistry （IHC） for proliferating cell nuclear antigen and α-smooth muscle actin. In vitro and in vivo, tamoxifen （Tam）, another anti-estrogen drug, and finasteride （Fin）, a drug for the clinical treatment of BPH, served as efficacy controls. The in vitro data showed that neither Ral nor Tam alone affected the proliferation of WPMY-1 and BPH-1, but both antagonized the effect of oestradiol in promoting the proliferation of the two cells. Results from the IHC staining of the rat prostates indicated that, similar to Tam and Fin, Ral inhibited the proliferation of stromal cells in vivo. Interestingly, in contrast to Tam, both Ral and Fin inhibited the proliferation of epithelial cells. Furthemore, Ral treatment much strongly decreased the number of prostatic acini and the surrounding layers of smooth muscle cells than Fin （P 〈 0.05）. Our data showed for the first time that Ral may have a role in the response of the rat prostate to selective ER modulators.
基金This study was supported by the Human Health Department Fund(B2004-27).
文摘BACKGROUND: Infection in liver recipients is related to high risk of transplantation failure and mortality. Infectious agents isolated from 55 liver recipients from January 2003 through June 2005 were studied to improve the anti-infectious therapy. METHODS: Pathogens were isolated from routine culture. K-B method was used to examine the drug susceptibility. Extended spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC β-lactamase and Van gene in E. coli were examined by the agar-dilution susceptibility test and Nitrocefin test. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of the 55 recipients got infection. The 513 strains of pathogens isolated from 1861 specimens were predominantly Gram negative bacteria and over 40% of them showed resistance to more than 4 drugs. The positive rates of extended spectrum β-lactamse and AmpC β-lactamse production in E. cloacae were 32.4% and 36.8%, in E. coli were 33.8% and 10.5%, but the rates of these 2 bacteria producing both lactamses were 24.3% and 7.0%. The β-lactamse production rates of Enterococcus faecalis and En-terococcus faecium were 8.8% and 11.1%, and the resistance rates to vancomycin were 11.2% and 18.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Infectious pathogens isolated from liver recipients are potent and multiple drug resistant. ESBLs and AmpC β-lactamases are the major factors associated with Gram negative drug resistance. The infection of En-terococcal species presents as a particular challenge.
文摘Background Bacteremia remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation. This study was conducted to investigate whether the polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-β, interleukin （IL）-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist （IL-lra） gene predicted the susceptibility to bacteremia within the first 6 months after kidney transplantation. Methods Subjects comprised 82 infected kidney transplant recipients and 60 non-infected kidney transplant recipients. Bacteremia was diagnosed in 16 of the 82 infected recipients. Genomic DNA from these 142 kidney transplant recipients was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. Regions containing the Ncol polymorphic site at position ＋252 of TNF-β gene and the Aval polymorphic site at position -511 of IL-Iβ gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and subsequently digested with Ncol and Aval restriction enzymes, respectively. The polymorphic regions within intron 2 of IL-lra gene containing variable numbers of a tandem repeat （VNTR） of 86 base pairs were amplified by PCR. Results Genotypic and allelic frequencies were similar between infected recipients and non-infected ones. Individual locus analysis showed that recipient TNF-β and IL-lra gene polymorphisms were not associated with the presence of bacteremia （P=0.684 and P=0.567, respectively）. However, genotype analysis revealed that recipient IL-1β 511CC genotype was strongly associated with susceptibility to develop bacteremia （P=0.003）. Recipient IL-1β-511CC genotype （odds ratio 5.242, 95% confidence intervals 1.645-16.706, P=0.005） independently predicted the risk for bacteremia within the first 6 months after kidney transplantation. Conclusions These findings indicate a critical role of IL-1β gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to bacteremia after kidney transplantation, which may be useful to screen for patients at higher risk for post-transplant bacteremias. Thus, the identified individuals can benefit from preventive treatment an
