Chiglitazar(Carfloglitazar)is a novel non-thiazolidinedione(TZD)structured peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor(PPAR)pan-agonist that has shown promising effects on glycemic control and lipid regulation in patien...Chiglitazar(Carfloglitazar)is a novel non-thiazolidinedione(TZD)structured peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor(PPAR)pan-agonist that has shown promising effects on glycemic control and lipid regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes in previous clinical studies.This randomized phase 3 trial aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of chiglitazar with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes with insufficient glycemic control by strict diet and exercise alone.Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive chiglitazar 32 mg(n=167),chiglitazar 48 mg(n=166),or placebo(n=202)once daily.The primary endpoint was the change in glycosylated hemoglobin A_(1c)(HbA_(1c))at week 24 with superiority of chiglitazar over placebo.The results showed that both chiglitazar 32 and 48 mg resulted in significant and clinically meaningful reductions in HbA_(1c),and placebo-adjusted estimated treatment differences at week 24 for chiglitazar 32 and 48 mg were-0.87%(95%confidential interval(CI):-1.10 to-0.65;P<0.0001)and-1.05%(95%CI:-1.29 to-0.81;P<0.0001),respectively.Secondary efficacy parameters including glycemic control,insulin sensitivity and triglyceride reduction were also significantly improved in the chiglitazar groups.The overall frequency of adverse events and study discontinuation attributable to adverse events were similar among the groups.Low incidences of mild edema and body weight gain were reported in the chiglitazar dose groups.The results from this phase 3 trial demonstrated that the PPAR pan-agonist chiglitazar possesses an overall good efficacy and safety profile in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with lifestyle interventions,thereby providing adequate supporting evidence for using this PPAR pan-agonist as a treatment option for type 2 diabetes.展开更多
Measuring the response of terrestrial ecosystems to elevated CO2 concentrations is very important for understanding the effects of global change. In this study,OTC (open top chambers) were used to simulate elevated CO...Measuring the response of terrestrial ecosystems to elevated CO2 concentrations is very important for understanding the effects of global change. In this study,OTC (open top chambers) were used to simulate elevated CO2 concentrations in the Songnen Grass-land. As well,phytoliths in Leymus chinensis were extracted to study the relationships between phytoliths and CO2 concentration. The results show the rondel is abundant in Leymus chinensis,while the trapeziform polylobate is rare. When phytolith production is increased,the rondel phytoliths grow bigger and the proportions of the different phytolith types changes under high CO2 concentration. These types include elongate hollow,acicular hair cell,square and laminate and are only observed in samples grown under high CO2 concentrations. All this evidence demonstrates that phytoliths in Leymus chinensis are sensitive to CO2 concentration,and indicate that phytolith analysis may have potential use in the study of global change,identifying different ecotypes of Leymus chinensis and for the reconstruction of paleoatmospheric CO2 concentrations.展开更多
Objective: : China have implemented population-based esophageal cancer(EC) screening programs, however,the participant rates were relatively low. This study was conducted to examine the association between cancer prev...Objective: : China have implemented population-based esophageal cancer(EC) screening programs, however,the participant rates were relatively low. This study was conducted to examine the association between cancer prevention knowledge and EC screening participation rates(PRs).Methods: : Data in the analyses were obtained from a population-based cancer screening program in four provinces in China since 2007. In the course of 2007-2016, participants who were evaluated as high risk for EC and subsequently recommended for endoscopy examination were included in the final analysis. One-way analysis of variance test, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were applied.Results: : A total of 28,543 individuals assessed as high-risk population for EC were included in this study, with13,036 males(45.67%) and 15,507 females(54.33%). The prevalence rates of current smoking and alcohol drinking were higher in males(58.25% and 44.22%, respectively) than in females(5.35% and 4.05%, respectively).Participants of females, and those who had older age, lower income, as well as higher education level and cancer prevention knowledge level were more likely to undergo endoscopy. Multivariable analysis showed that higher cancer prevention knowledge was associated with higher PR for endoscopic screening [adjusted odd ratio(aORQ4/Q1) =1.511, 95% confidence interval(95% CI): 1.398-1.632] among our study subjects. This association between cancer prevention knowledge and compliance with endoscopic screening also tends to be strong within subgroups of males, females, aged below 60 years, aged 60 years and above, and lower level of education(illiterate individuals and those with junior high education or less).Conclusions: : Our results displayed a positive relationship between cancer prevention knowledge and PRs for endoscopic screening, implying cancer prevention awareness being an independent influence factor for compliance with EC screening. Promoting public campaigns about comprehensive knowledge of cancer prevention seemed to be a展开更多
According to historical mean ocean current data through the field observations of the Taiwan Ocean Research Institute during 1991–2005 and survey data of nutrients on the continental shelf of the East China Sea（ECS...According to historical mean ocean current data through the field observations of the Taiwan Ocean Research Institute during 1991–2005 and survey data of nutrients on the continental shelf of the East China Sea（ECS） in the summer of 2006, nutrient fluxes from the Taiwan Strait and Kuroshio subsurface waters are estimated using a grid interpolation method, which both are the sources of the Taiwan Warm Current. The nutrient fluxes of the two water masses are also compared. The results show that phosphate（PO4-P）, silicate（SiO3-Si） and nitrate（NO3-N） fluxes to the ECS continental shelf from the Kuroshio upwelling water are slightly higher than those from the Taiwan Strait water in the summer of 2006. In contrast, owing to its lower velocity, the nutrient flux density（i.e., nutrient fluxes divided by the area of the specific section） of the Kuroshio subsurface water is lower than that of the Taiwan Strait water. In addition, the Taiwan Warm Current deep water, which is mainly constituted by the Kuroshio subsurface water, might directly reach the areas of high-frequency harmful alga blooms in the ECS.展开更多
基金grants from Chinese National and Provincial Major Project for New Drug Innovation(National:2008ZX09101-002 and 2013ZX09401301Provincial:2011A080501010)Shenzhen Municipal Major Project(2010-1746)。
文摘Chiglitazar(Carfloglitazar)is a novel non-thiazolidinedione(TZD)structured peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor(PPAR)pan-agonist that has shown promising effects on glycemic control and lipid regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes in previous clinical studies.This randomized phase 3 trial aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of chiglitazar with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes with insufficient glycemic control by strict diet and exercise alone.Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive chiglitazar 32 mg(n=167),chiglitazar 48 mg(n=166),or placebo(n=202)once daily.The primary endpoint was the change in glycosylated hemoglobin A_(1c)(HbA_(1c))at week 24 with superiority of chiglitazar over placebo.The results showed that both chiglitazar 32 and 48 mg resulted in significant and clinically meaningful reductions in HbA_(1c),and placebo-adjusted estimated treatment differences at week 24 for chiglitazar 32 and 48 mg were-0.87%(95%confidential interval(CI):-1.10 to-0.65;P<0.0001)and-1.05%(95%CI:-1.29 to-0.81;P<0.0001),respectively.Secondary efficacy parameters including glycemic control,insulin sensitivity and triglyceride reduction were also significantly improved in the chiglitazar groups.The overall frequency of adverse events and study discontinuation attributable to adverse events were similar among the groups.Low incidences of mild edema and body weight gain were reported in the chiglitazar dose groups.The results from this phase 3 trial demonstrated that the PPAR pan-agonist chiglitazar possesses an overall good efficacy and safety profile in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with lifestyle interventions,thereby providing adequate supporting evidence for using this PPAR pan-agonist as a treatment option for type 2 diabetes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40971116 and 30870238)
文摘Measuring the response of terrestrial ecosystems to elevated CO2 concentrations is very important for understanding the effects of global change. In this study,OTC (open top chambers) were used to simulate elevated CO2 concentrations in the Songnen Grass-land. As well,phytoliths in Leymus chinensis were extracted to study the relationships between phytoliths and CO2 concentration. The results show the rondel is abundant in Leymus chinensis,while the trapeziform polylobate is rare. When phytolith production is increased,the rondel phytoliths grow bigger and the proportions of the different phytolith types changes under high CO2 concentration. These types include elongate hollow,acicular hair cell,square and laminate and are only observed in samples grown under high CO2 concentrations. All this evidence demonstrates that phytoliths in Leymus chinensis are sensitive to CO2 concentration,and indicate that phytolith analysis may have potential use in the study of global change,identifying different ecotypes of Leymus chinensis and for the reconstruction of paleoatmospheric CO2 concentrations.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFC1313100)the Special Fund for Health Research in the Public Interest (No. 201612M-2-004)
文摘Objective: : China have implemented population-based esophageal cancer(EC) screening programs, however,the participant rates were relatively low. This study was conducted to examine the association between cancer prevention knowledge and EC screening participation rates(PRs).Methods: : Data in the analyses were obtained from a population-based cancer screening program in four provinces in China since 2007. In the course of 2007-2016, participants who were evaluated as high risk for EC and subsequently recommended for endoscopy examination were included in the final analysis. One-way analysis of variance test, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were applied.Results: : A total of 28,543 individuals assessed as high-risk population for EC were included in this study, with13,036 males(45.67%) and 15,507 females(54.33%). The prevalence rates of current smoking and alcohol drinking were higher in males(58.25% and 44.22%, respectively) than in females(5.35% and 4.05%, respectively).Participants of females, and those who had older age, lower income, as well as higher education level and cancer prevention knowledge level were more likely to undergo endoscopy. Multivariable analysis showed that higher cancer prevention knowledge was associated with higher PR for endoscopic screening [adjusted odd ratio(aORQ4/Q1) =1.511, 95% confidence interval(95% CI): 1.398-1.632] among our study subjects. This association between cancer prevention knowledge and compliance with endoscopic screening also tends to be strong within subgroups of males, females, aged below 60 years, aged 60 years and above, and lower level of education(illiterate individuals and those with junior high education or less).Conclusions: : Our results displayed a positive relationship between cancer prevention knowledge and PRs for endoscopic screening, implying cancer prevention awareness being an independent influence factor for compliance with EC screening. Promoting public campaigns about comprehensive knowledge of cancer prevention seemed to be a
基金The National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China under contract No.2010CB428701
文摘According to historical mean ocean current data through the field observations of the Taiwan Ocean Research Institute during 1991–2005 and survey data of nutrients on the continental shelf of the East China Sea（ECS） in the summer of 2006, nutrient fluxes from the Taiwan Strait and Kuroshio subsurface waters are estimated using a grid interpolation method, which both are the sources of the Taiwan Warm Current. The nutrient fluxes of the two water masses are also compared. The results show that phosphate（PO4-P）, silicate（SiO3-Si） and nitrate（NO3-N） fluxes to the ECS continental shelf from the Kuroshio upwelling water are slightly higher than those from the Taiwan Strait water in the summer of 2006. In contrast, owing to its lower velocity, the nutrient flux density（i.e., nutrient fluxes divided by the area of the specific section） of the Kuroshio subsurface water is lower than that of the Taiwan Strait water. In addition, the Taiwan Warm Current deep water, which is mainly constituted by the Kuroshio subsurface water, might directly reach the areas of high-frequency harmful alga blooms in the ECS.
