Purpose: Bursal inflammation is thought to be a major cause of pain in degenerative rotator cuff tears (RCTs). While the expression of proinflammatory mediators, such as COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, is crucial for...Purpose: Bursal inflammation is thought to be a major cause of pain in degenerative rotator cuff tears (RCTs). While the expression of proinflammatory mediators, such as COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, is crucial for the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA), their role in degenerative RCTs remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of COX-2 and proinflammatory mediators in the development of RCT-induced pain by comparing their levels in patients with hip OA or RCTs. Methods: We included samples obtained from 31 shoulders of 31 patients with RCTs and samples from 30 hips of 27 patients with hip OA. The mRNA levels of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were determined using RT-PCR, and were compared between the subacromial bursa and hip joints. We also analyzed IL-1β-induced COX-2 expression in the subacromial bursa and synovial blast of the hip. Results: COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression levels were significantly lower in the subacromial bursa of RCTs than in hip OA samples, while no significant difference was observed for TNF-α. No significant difference in the fold increase was observed between subacromial bursa and hip OA samples, even though IL-1β-induced COX-2 expression increased in both samples. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the main mechanism underlying pain development differs between patients with RCTs and those with hip OA.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant disease with poor prognosis. To improve the clinical outcome, early diagnosis of HCC arising from nonviral agents and hepatitis virus is important. Among several et...Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant disease with poor prognosis. To improve the clinical outcome, early diagnosis of HCC arising from nonviral agents and hepatitis virus is important. Among several etiological factors, mycotoxins defined as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC) might be one of the critical risk factors for nonviral HCC. Aflatoxin B1 is the most well-known carcinogenic mycotoxin for HCC, but the role of the other types of mycotoxin remains unclear. Several studies have reported that a chromatographic separation technique based on high-performance liquid chromatography can successfully detect the concentration of mycotoxins in plasma. Recently, serum level of ochratoxin A (OTA), a widely distributed mycotoxin classified as Group 2B by IARC, was evaluated in HCC patients in Egypt. The results suggested that serum OTA levels might be a good biomarker for HCC. In this article, we review recent studies of OTA, and discuss its possible significance as a biomarker of HCC.展开更多
The increasing use of pharmaceuticals throughout the world is generating a new environmental problem where they are found in low concentrations, but the long-term risks to various organisms, as well as human health, a...The increasing use of pharmaceuticals throughout the world is generating a new environmental problem where they are found in low concentrations, but the long-term risks to various organisms, as well as human health, are not yet known. These drugs, as well as their metabolites, are introduced into aquatic environments through excretions or discharges and may cause the same exposure as POPs （Persistent Organic Pollutants） due to its continued entry into the environment. The aim of this work is to develop a sensitive analytical method for the detection of ibuprofen and its metabolites in the Bengalas river that crosses the city of Nova Friburgo in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Three collection points were analyzed monthly in the river from its source, as well as points of treated water throughout the city. The samples were collected monthly and lyophilized. Subsequently, they were subjected to a solid phase extraction （silica） with the solvent dichloromethane： hexane （1：1; v/v）. The samples were evaporated over a nitrogen atmosphere and subjected to a LC-MS （Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry） with 5% acetic acid gradient： acetonitrile as the mobile phase. In the search for drugs, there were found ions and fragments of ibuprofen （m/z 206, 205, 177） that were sought and compared to with their standard. These indicators can result in deleterious effects on aquatic life in these bodies of water, as well as on those who use this water from the Bengalas river.展开更多
Detection of polystyrene beads with a diameter of 100 nm was conducted using an optical disk drive tester equipped with a laser of 405 nm wavelength and an objective lens with a numerical aperture of 0.65. The polysty...Detection of polystyrene beads with a diameter of 100 nm was conducted using an optical disk drive tester equipped with a laser of 405 nm wavelength and an objective lens with a numerical aperture of 0.65. The polystyrene beads were used to mimic the influenza virus. A grooved disk with a (ZnS)85(SiO2)15/SiO2 layered surface structure was used for the detection. The detection of influenza viruses (A/Udorn/307/1972) with Au nanoparticles was also demonstrated using the optical disk drive tester. In this case, a grooved disk with an indium tin oxide (ITO) film was used. The ITO film functioned both to tune the reflectance of the disk and as an electrically conductive layer for scanning electron microscopy. In both cases, the target substances were successfully recognized in a single scan with a high scanning speed of 4.9 m/s. The results indicate that this optical disk system can be used to detect 100 nm scale substances like influenza viruses, which are smaller than the diffraction limit of the system.展开更多
A garnet lherzolite xenolith hosted in olivine nephelinite from Xilong,Zhejiang Province ,southeastern China, shows clear evidence of modal metasomatism involving a special sanidine-olivine-diopside(SOD) association w...A garnet lherzolite xenolith hosted in olivine nephelinite from Xilong,Zhejiang Province ,southeastern China, shows clear evidence of modal metasomatism involving a special sanidine-olivine-diopside(SOD) association which was produced by replacement of primary orthopyroxene.The fluid responsible for the measomatism was a silica-undersaturated vapour,rich in K,Ba,Sr and Ti.It is suggested that the SOD assemblage is the product of metasomatism of a depleted lherzolite precursor,and formed in the upper mantle prior to entrainment and eruption.展开更多
Objectives: Glioblastoma(GBM) is one of the worst cancers in terms of prognosis.Standard therapy consists of resection with concomitant chemoradiotherapy.Resistance to nimustine hydrochloride(ACNU),an alkylating agent...Objectives: Glioblastoma(GBM) is one of the worst cancers in terms of prognosis.Standard therapy consists of resection with concomitant chemoradiotherapy.Resistance to nimustine hydrochloride(ACNU),an alkylating agent,has been linked to methylguanine DNA methyltransferase(MGMT).Daily administration of procarbazine(PCZ) has been reported to decrease MGMT activity.This study investigated the efficacy of ACNU + PCZ compared to ACNU alone for GBM and anaplastic astrocytoma(AA).Methods: Patients(20-69 years) who had newly diagnosed AA and GBM were randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy with ACNU alone or with ACNU + PCZ.The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS).This was designed as a phase Ⅱ/Ⅲ trial with a total sample size of 310 patients and was registered as UMIN-CTR C000000108.Results: After 111 patients from 19 centers in Japan were enrolled,this study was terminated early because temozolomide was newly approved in Japan.The median OS and median progression-free survival(PFS) with ACNU alone(n = 55) or ACNU + PCZ(n = 56) in the intention-to-treat population were 27.4 and 22.4 months(P = 0.75),and 8.6 and 6.9 months,respectively.The median OS and median PFS of the GBM subgroup treated with ACNU alone(n = 40) or ACNU + PCZ(n = 41) were 19.0 and 19.5 months,and 6.2 and 6.3 months,respectively.Grade 3/4 hematologic adverse events occurred in more than 40% of patients in both arms,and 27% of patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events.Conclusions: The addition of PCZ to ACNU was not beneficial,in comparison with ACNU alone,for patients with newly diagnosed AA and GBM.展开更多
文摘Purpose: Bursal inflammation is thought to be a major cause of pain in degenerative rotator cuff tears (RCTs). While the expression of proinflammatory mediators, such as COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, is crucial for the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA), their role in degenerative RCTs remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of COX-2 and proinflammatory mediators in the development of RCT-induced pain by comparing their levels in patients with hip OA or RCTs. Methods: We included samples obtained from 31 shoulders of 31 patients with RCTs and samples from 30 hips of 27 patients with hip OA. The mRNA levels of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were determined using RT-PCR, and were compared between the subacromial bursa and hip joints. We also analyzed IL-1β-induced COX-2 expression in the subacromial bursa and synovial blast of the hip. Results: COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression levels were significantly lower in the subacromial bursa of RCTs than in hip OA samples, while no significant difference was observed for TNF-α. No significant difference in the fold increase was observed between subacromial bursa and hip OA samples, even though IL-1β-induced COX-2 expression increased in both samples. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the main mechanism underlying pain development differs between patients with RCTs and those with hip OA.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant disease with poor prognosis. To improve the clinical outcome, early diagnosis of HCC arising from nonviral agents and hepatitis virus is important. Among several etiological factors, mycotoxins defined as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC) might be one of the critical risk factors for nonviral HCC. Aflatoxin B1 is the most well-known carcinogenic mycotoxin for HCC, but the role of the other types of mycotoxin remains unclear. Several studies have reported that a chromatographic separation technique based on high-performance liquid chromatography can successfully detect the concentration of mycotoxins in plasma. Recently, serum level of ochratoxin A (OTA), a widely distributed mycotoxin classified as Group 2B by IARC, was evaluated in HCC patients in Egypt. The results suggested that serum OTA levels might be a good biomarker for HCC. In this article, we review recent studies of OTA, and discuss its possible significance as a biomarker of HCC.
文摘The increasing use of pharmaceuticals throughout the world is generating a new environmental problem where they are found in low concentrations, but the long-term risks to various organisms, as well as human health, are not yet known. These drugs, as well as their metabolites, are introduced into aquatic environments through excretions or discharges and may cause the same exposure as POPs （Persistent Organic Pollutants） due to its continued entry into the environment. The aim of this work is to develop a sensitive analytical method for the detection of ibuprofen and its metabolites in the Bengalas river that crosses the city of Nova Friburgo in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Three collection points were analyzed monthly in the river from its source, as well as points of treated water throughout the city. The samples were collected monthly and lyophilized. Subsequently, they were subjected to a solid phase extraction （silica） with the solvent dichloromethane： hexane （1：1; v/v）. The samples were evaporated over a nitrogen atmosphere and subjected to a LC-MS （Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry） with 5% acetic acid gradient： acetonitrile as the mobile phase. In the search for drugs, there were found ions and fragments of ibuprofen （m/z 206, 205, 177） that were sought and compared to with their standard. These indicators can result in deleterious effects on aquatic life in these bodies of water, as well as on those who use this water from the Bengalas river.
文摘Detection of polystyrene beads with a diameter of 100 nm was conducted using an optical disk drive tester equipped with a laser of 405 nm wavelength and an objective lens with a numerical aperture of 0.65. The polystyrene beads were used to mimic the influenza virus. A grooved disk with a (ZnS)85(SiO2)15/SiO2 layered surface structure was used for the detection. The detection of influenza viruses (A/Udorn/307/1972) with Au nanoparticles was also demonstrated using the optical disk drive tester. In this case, a grooved disk with an indium tin oxide (ITO) film was used. The ITO film functioned both to tune the reflectance of the disk and as an electrically conductive layer for scanning electron microscopy. In both cases, the target substances were successfully recognized in a single scan with a high scanning speed of 4.9 m/s. The results indicate that this optical disk system can be used to detect 100 nm scale substances like influenza viruses, which are smaller than the diffraction limit of the system.
文摘A garnet lherzolite xenolith hosted in olivine nephelinite from Xilong,Zhejiang Province ,southeastern China, shows clear evidence of modal metasomatism involving a special sanidine-olivine-diopside(SOD) association which was produced by replacement of primary orthopyroxene.The fluid responsible for the measomatism was a silica-undersaturated vapour,rich in K,Ba,Sr and Ti.It is suggested that the SOD assemblage is the product of metasomatism of a depleted lherzolite precursor,and formed in the upper mantle prior to entrainment and eruption.
文摘Objectives: Glioblastoma(GBM) is one of the worst cancers in terms of prognosis.Standard therapy consists of resection with concomitant chemoradiotherapy.Resistance to nimustine hydrochloride(ACNU),an alkylating agent,has been linked to methylguanine DNA methyltransferase(MGMT).Daily administration of procarbazine(PCZ) has been reported to decrease MGMT activity.This study investigated the efficacy of ACNU + PCZ compared to ACNU alone for GBM and anaplastic astrocytoma(AA).Methods: Patients(20-69 years) who had newly diagnosed AA and GBM were randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy with ACNU alone or with ACNU + PCZ.The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS).This was designed as a phase Ⅱ/Ⅲ trial with a total sample size of 310 patients and was registered as UMIN-CTR C000000108.Results: After 111 patients from 19 centers in Japan were enrolled,this study was terminated early because temozolomide was newly approved in Japan.The median OS and median progression-free survival(PFS) with ACNU alone(n = 55) or ACNU + PCZ(n = 56) in the intention-to-treat population were 27.4 and 22.4 months(P = 0.75),and 8.6 and 6.9 months,respectively.The median OS and median PFS of the GBM subgroup treated with ACNU alone(n = 40) or ACNU + PCZ(n = 41) were 19.0 and 19.5 months,and 6.2 and 6.3 months,respectively.Grade 3/4 hematologic adverse events occurred in more than 40% of patients in both arms,and 27% of patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events.Conclusions: The addition of PCZ to ACNU was not beneficial,in comparison with ACNU alone,for patients with newly diagnosed AA and GBM.
