A large portion of the Loess Plateau of China is characterized as “marginal” with serious land degradation and desertification problems. Consequently, two policies, Grain for Green and Western Development Action wer...A large portion of the Loess Plateau of China is characterized as “marginal” with serious land degradation and desertification problems. Consequently, two policies, Grain for Green and Western Development Action were established by the Chinese government in response to the demand for ecological protection and economic development in the Loess Plateau. These policies are designed to increase forest cover, expand farmlands, and enhance soil and water conservation, while creating sustainable vegetation restoration. Perennial grasses have gained attention as bioenergy feedstocks due to their high biomass yields, low inputs, and greater ecosystem services compared to annual crops. Moreover, perennial grasses limit nutrient runoff and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and soil losses while sequestering carbon. Additionally, perennial grasses can generate economic returns for local farmers through producing bioenergy feedstock or forage on marginal lands. Here, we suggest a United States model energy crop, switchgrass（Panicum virgatum L.） as a model crop to minimize land degradation and desertification and to generate biomass for energy on the Loess Plateau.展开更多
HANBIT is a magnetic mirror confinement device. Recent physics experimentshave been mainly focused on identifying discharge characteristics and on getting stable plasmaproduction and operation modes, by using a 500 kW...HANBIT is a magnetic mirror confinement device. Recent physics experimentshave been mainly focused on identifying discharge characteristics and on getting stable plasmaproduction and operation modes, by using a 500 kW slot antenna system at a fixed RF frequency of 3.5MHz and varying discharge conditions such as fueling rate, RF power, and B-field intensity incentral cell. Two distinct operation modes are found to be very sensitive to the RF power as well asthe ratio of the RF frequency to the ion cyclotron frequency. A MHD interchange mode of m = - 1 isclearly observed and the stabilizing mechanism can be explained by the sideband coupling theory.展开更多
Monocytes,including monocyte-derived macrophages and resident microglia,mediate many phases of optic nerve injury pathogenesis.Resident microglia respond first,followed by infiltrating macrophages which regulate neuro...Monocytes,including monocyte-derived macrophages and resident microglia,mediate many phases of optic nerve injury pathogenesis.Resident microglia respond first,followed by infiltrating macrophages which regulate neuronal inflammation,cell proliferation and differentiation,scar formation and tissue remodeling following optic nerve injury.However,microglia and macrophages have distinct functions which can be either beneficial or detrimental to the optic nerve depending on the spatial context and temporal sequence of their activity.These divergent effects are attributed to pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines expressed by monocytes,crosstalk between monocyte and glial cells and even microglia-macrophage communication.In this review,we describe the dynamics and functions of microglia and macrophages in neuronal inflammation and regeneration following optic nerve injury,and their possible role as therapeutic targets for axonal regeneration.展开更多
The mission of Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR)project is to develop an advanced steady-state superconducting tokamak for establishing a scientificand technological basis for an attractive fusio...The mission of Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR)project is to develop an advanced steady-state superconducting tokamak for establishing a scientificand technological basis for an attractive fusion reactor. Because one of the KSTAR mission is toachieve a steady-state operation, the use of superconducting coils is an obvious choice for themagnet system. The KSTAR superconducting magnet system consists of 16 Toroidal Field (TF) coils and14 Poloidal Field (PF) coils. Internally-cooled Cable-In-Conduit Conductors (CICC) are put into usein both the TF and PF coil systems. The TF coil system provides a field of 3.5 T at the plasmacenter and the PF coil system is able to provide a flux swing of 17 V-sec. The major achievement inKSTAR magnet-system development includes the development of CICC, the development of a full-size TFmodel coil, the development of a coil system for background magnetic-field generation , theconstruction of a large-scale superconducting magnet and CICC test facility. TF and PF coils are inthe stage of fabrication to pave the way for the scheduled completion of KSTAR by the end of 2006.展开更多
AIM:To report outcomes of patients after intraocular lens(IOL)repositioning or exchange for the version of the uveitisglaucoma-hyphema(UGH)syndrome that does not include closed loop anterior chamber IOL(nUGH).METHODS:...AIM:To report outcomes of patients after intraocular lens(IOL)repositioning or exchange for the version of the uveitisglaucoma-hyphema(UGH)syndrome that does not include closed loop anterior chamber IOL(nUGH).METHODS:Chart review of patients with nUGH who underwent IOL repositioning or exchange by one surgeon were reviewed.The main outcome measures were best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)as a decimal fraction preoperatively and postoperatively after IOL repositioning or exchange.Clinical findings evaluated included the presence of uveitis,hyphema,elevated intraocular pressure(IOP),and other complications such as pigment dispersion or vitreous hemorrhage.The number of anti-inflammatory and glaucoma medications were assessed before and after IOL repositioning or exchange.RESULTS:The study included 14 pseudophakic eyes.The median time at the onset of contemporary UGH after cataract extraction and IOL implantation(CE/IOL)was7.5 y.IOL repositioning or exchange was performed at a mean duration of 8.1±4.7 mo(median:4 mo)after onset of UGH.The mean BCVA was improved from 0.45±0.26 preoperatively after onset of UGH syndrome to 0.76±0.22(P=0.016)after IOL repositioning or exchange.Among the14 eyes,uveitis,elevated IOP,and hyphema were present preoperatively in 13,13,and 6 eyes,respectively.Uveitis and hyphema resolved in all cases after IOL surgery.The mean IOP was reduced from 26.4±4.5 mm Hg preoperatively to 14.7±4.9 postoperatively(P=0.01).The mean number of glaucoma medications used was reduced from 1.7±1.1 medications preoperatively to 0.8±1.08(P=0.04)postoperatively.CONCLUSION:IOL repositioning or exchange is an effective treatment in many cases for medically resistant contemporary UGH syndrome.展开更多
AIM: To analyze and calculate the relative cost of various childhood glaucoma surgical interventions per mm Hg intraocular pressure(IOP) reduction($/mm Hg).METHODS: Representative index studies were reviewed to quanti...AIM: To analyze and calculate the relative cost of various childhood glaucoma surgical interventions per mm Hg intraocular pressure(IOP) reduction($/mm Hg).METHODS: Representative index studies were reviewed to quantitate the reduction of mean IOP and glaucoma medications for each surgical intervention in childhood glaucoma. A US perspective was adopted, using Medicare allowable costs to calculate cost/mm Hg IOP reduction($/mm Hg) at 1y postoperatively.RESULTS: At 1y postoperatively, the cost/mm Hg IOP reduction was $226/mm Hg for microcatheter-assisted circumferential trabeculotomy, $284/mm Hg for cyclophotocoagulation, $288/mm Hg for conventional ab-externo trabeculotomy, $338/mm Hg for Ahmed glaucoma valve, $350/mm Hg for Baerveldt glaucoma implant, $351/mm Hg for goniotomy, and $400/mm Hg for trabeculectomy.CONCLUSION: Microcatheter-assisted circumferential trabeculotomy is the most cost-efficient surgical method to lower IOP in childhood glaucoma, while trabeculectomy is the least cost-efficient surgical method.展开更多
The present study aims to investigate the effect of temporary cerebrospinal fluid pressure(CSFP) reduction on optic nerve head(ONH) and macular vessel density(VD) using optical coherence tomography angiography.Forty-f...The present study aims to investigate the effect of temporary cerebrospinal fluid pressure(CSFP) reduction on optic nerve head(ONH) and macular vessel density(VD) using optical coherence tomography angiography.Forty-four eyes of 44 adults with diagnostic lumbar puncture and CSFP reduction were recruited.Thirty-two eyes of 32 healthy volunteers were controls.ONH and macular VD images were evaluated differences between baseline and after CSFP reduction.The results showed that the mean CSFP decreased from(11.6±2.1) mm Hg to(8.2±3.4) mm Hg(P<0.001).VD in the macular regions decreased significantly after CSFP reduction in the study group(all P<0.05).The control group showed no significant changes in macular VD(all P>0.05).In the study group,decreased VD in the macular parainferior region was associated with CSFP reduction(R^(2)=0.192,P=0.003),the reduction of macular VD in parafoveal(R^(2)=0.098,P=0.018),parainferior(R^(2)=0.104,P=0.021),parasuperior(R^(2)=0.059,P=0.058),paranasal(R^(2)=0.057,P=0.042),paratemporal(R^(2)=0.079,P=0.026) was associated with mean ocular perfusion pressure decrease following CSFP reduction.ONH vessel density did not differ after CSFP reduction(all P>0.05).In conclusion,macular vessel density decreased in association with CSFP reduction.Retinal vessel density in the macular region is more sensitive than that in peripapillary region after CSFP reduction.展开更多
The mammalian retina displays incomplete intrinsic regenerative capacities;therefore,retina degeneration is a major cause of irreversible blindness such as glaucoma,agerelated macular degeneration and diabetic retinop...The mammalian retina displays incomplete intrinsic regenerative capacities;therefore,retina degeneration is a major cause of irreversible blindness such as glaucoma,agerelated macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.These diseases lead to the loss of retinal cells and serious vision loss in the late stage.Stem cell transplantation is a great promising novel treatment for these incurable retinal degenerative diseases and represents an exciting area of regenerative neurotherapy.Several suitable stem cell sources for transplantation including human embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells have been identified as promising target populations.However,the retina is an elegant neuronal complex composed of various types of cells with different functions.The replacement of these different types of cells by transplantation should be addressed separately.So far,retinal pigment epithelium transplantation has achieved the most advanced stage of clinical trials,while transplantation of retinal neurons such as retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors has been mostly studied in pre-clinical animal models.In this review,we opine on the key problems that need to be addressed before stem cells transplantation,especially for replacing injured retinal ganglion cells,may be used practically for treatment.A key problem we have called the Switchboard Dilemma is a major block to have functional retinal ganglion cell replacement.We use the public switchboard telephone network as an example to illustrate different difficulties for replacing damaged components in the retina that allow for visual signaling.Retinal ganglion cell transplantation is confronted by significant hurdles,because retinal ganglion cells receive signals from different interneurons,integrate and send signals to the correct targets of the visual system,which functions similar to the switchboard in a telephone network-therefore the Switchboard Dilemma.展开更多
Aims:To evaluate the medium term efficacy and safety of Altis and Solyx single incision slings(SIS)compared with tension-free vaginal tape(TVT)Abbrevo trans-obturator sling.We hypothesize that both SIS show little dif...Aims:To evaluate the medium term efficacy and safety of Altis and Solyx single incision slings(SIS)compared with tension-free vaginal tape(TVT)Abbrevo trans-obturator sling.We hypothesize that both SIS show little difference in efficacy and safety and perform similarly to TVT Abbrevo.Methods:We conducted an ambispective comparative cohort study of women with stress urinary incontinence who received a SIS in comparison to matched TVT Abbrevo subjects from a concurrent randomized controlled trial(RCT).Subjects were identified retrospectively,and prospectively invited for examination and questionnaires>12 months post-operatively.Exclusions included intrinsic sphincter deficiency,previous sling surgery,and others.Primary outcome was subjective cure[negative response to International Consultation Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form(ICIQ-UI SF)question 6,leakage during coughing/activity].Secondary outcomes include objective cure(negative cough stress test),functional outcomes,and adverse events.Results:Between 2012 and 2018,a total of 113 women received one of two SIS surgeries;Solyx(n=50)followed by the Altis(n=63);104 were available for final efficacy analysis.Mean follow-up was 21.7(Altis),46.0(Solyx),and 29.0(Abbrevo)months.Baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups.There was no significant differences in the subjective or objective cure rates between the groups,and no differences in functional outcomes such as patient global impression of improvement,and post-operative ICIQ-UI SF score.There was a low rate of mesh related complications and no differences seen between the groups.Conclusions:Despite being an underpowered study,Altis and Solyx SIS have favourable efficacy and safety profiles which are comparable to an established trans-obturator mid-urethral slings(MUS).展开更多
In the present work,the dispersion casting of Y-2O-3 particles in aluminum-copper alloy was investigated in terms of microstructural changes with respect to Cu contents of 20 （hypo）,33 （eutectic） and 40 （hyper） ...In the present work,the dispersion casting of Y-2O-3 particles in aluminum-copper alloy was investigated in terms of microstructural changes with respect to Cu contents of 20 （hypo）,33 （eutectic） and 40 （hyper） wt pct by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）.For the fabrication of Al-Cu alloy dispersed Y-2O-3 ceramic particles,stir casting method was employed.In case of Al-20 wt pct Cu alloy （hypoeutectic）,SEM images revealed that primary Al was grown up in the beginning.After that,eutectic phase with well dispersed ceramic particles was formed.In case of eutectic composition,Y-2O-3 particles were uniformly dispersed in the matrix.When the Cu is added into Al up to 40 wt pct （hypereutectic）,primary phase was grown up without any Y-2O-3 ceramic particles in the early stage of solidification.Thereafter, eutectic phase was formed with well dispersed ceramic particles.It can be concluded that Y-2O-3 ceramic particles is mostly dispersed in case of eutectic composition in Al-Cu alloy.展开更多
In an experimental realization of the sheared cylindrical slab, the level of plasma turbulence is strongly reduced by application of a sufficient bias potential difference in the radial direction. Density fluctuation ...In an experimental realization of the sheared cylindrical slab, the level of plasma turbulence is strongly reduced by application of a sufficient bias potential difference in the radial direction. Density fluctuation levels △nrms/n decrease by more than a factor of five. The ion flow velocity profile is measured spectroscopically from the Doppler shift of an argon ion line. Comparison of the shearing rates with the turbulent amplitudes as a function of bias show no relation between the shearing rate and turbulence reduction, contrary to expectations.展开更多
基金supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch Project (1001878)
文摘A large portion of the Loess Plateau of China is characterized as “marginal” with serious land degradation and desertification problems. Consequently, two policies, Grain for Green and Western Development Action were established by the Chinese government in response to the demand for ecological protection and economic development in the Loess Plateau. These policies are designed to increase forest cover, expand farmlands, and enhance soil and water conservation, while creating sustainable vegetation restoration. Perennial grasses have gained attention as bioenergy feedstocks due to their high biomass yields, low inputs, and greater ecosystem services compared to annual crops. Moreover, perennial grasses limit nutrient runoff and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and soil losses while sequestering carbon. Additionally, perennial grasses can generate economic returns for local farmers through producing bioenergy feedstock or forage on marginal lands. Here, we suggest a United States model energy crop, switchgrass（Panicum virgatum L.） as a model crop to minimize land degradation and desertification and to generate biomass for energy on the Loess Plateau.
基金The project supported by the Korea Ministry of Science and Technology
文摘HANBIT is a magnetic mirror confinement device. Recent physics experimentshave been mainly focused on identifying discharge characteristics and on getting stable plasmaproduction and operation modes, by using a 500 kW slot antenna system at a fixed RF frequency of 3.5MHz and varying discharge conditions such as fueling rate, RF power, and B-field intensity incentral cell. Two distinct operation modes are found to be very sensitive to the RF power as well asthe ratio of the RF frequency to the ion cyclotron frequency. A MHD interchange mode of m = - 1 isclearly observed and the stabilizing mechanism can be explained by the sideband coupling theory.
基金supported by NIH Center Core Grant P30EY014801a Research to Prevent Blindness Unrestrictea Grant+3 种基金partially supported by the Walter G.Ross Foundationpartly supported by the Gutierrez Family Research Fundthe Camiener Family Glaucoma Research Fundthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82201170 to XL)。
文摘Monocytes,including monocyte-derived macrophages and resident microglia,mediate many phases of optic nerve injury pathogenesis.Resident microglia respond first,followed by infiltrating macrophages which regulate neuronal inflammation,cell proliferation and differentiation,scar formation and tissue remodeling following optic nerve injury.However,microglia and macrophages have distinct functions which can be either beneficial or detrimental to the optic nerve depending on the spatial context and temporal sequence of their activity.These divergent effects are attributed to pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines expressed by monocytes,crosstalk between monocyte and glial cells and even microglia-macrophage communication.In this review,we describe the dynamics and functions of microglia and macrophages in neuronal inflammation and regeneration following optic nerve injury,and their possible role as therapeutic targets for axonal regeneration.
基金The project supported by the Korea Ministry of Science and Technology under the KSTAR Project
文摘The mission of Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR)project is to develop an advanced steady-state superconducting tokamak for establishing a scientificand technological basis for an attractive fusion reactor. Because one of the KSTAR mission is toachieve a steady-state operation, the use of superconducting coils is an obvious choice for themagnet system. The KSTAR superconducting magnet system consists of 16 Toroidal Field (TF) coils and14 Poloidal Field (PF) coils. Internally-cooled Cable-In-Conduit Conductors (CICC) are put into usein both the TF and PF coil systems. The TF coil system provides a field of 3.5 T at the plasmacenter and the PF coil system is able to provide a flux swing of 17 V-sec. The major achievement inKSTAR magnet-system development includes the development of CICC, the development of a full-size TFmodel coil, the development of a coil system for background magnetic-field generation , theconstruction of a large-scale superconducting magnet and CICC test facility. TF and PF coils are inthe stage of fabrication to pave the way for the scheduled completion of KSTAR by the end of 2006.
基金The Bascom Palmer Eye Institute is supported by NIH Center Core(No.P30EY014801)a Research to Prevent Blindness Unrestricted GrantLee RK is supported by the Walter G.Ross Foundation。
文摘AIM:To report outcomes of patients after intraocular lens(IOL)repositioning or exchange for the version of the uveitisglaucoma-hyphema(UGH)syndrome that does not include closed loop anterior chamber IOL(nUGH).METHODS:Chart review of patients with nUGH who underwent IOL repositioning or exchange by one surgeon were reviewed.The main outcome measures were best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)as a decimal fraction preoperatively and postoperatively after IOL repositioning or exchange.Clinical findings evaluated included the presence of uveitis,hyphema,elevated intraocular pressure(IOP),and other complications such as pigment dispersion or vitreous hemorrhage.The number of anti-inflammatory and glaucoma medications were assessed before and after IOL repositioning or exchange.RESULTS:The study included 14 pseudophakic eyes.The median time at the onset of contemporary UGH after cataract extraction and IOL implantation(CE/IOL)was7.5 y.IOL repositioning or exchange was performed at a mean duration of 8.1±4.7 mo(median:4 mo)after onset of UGH.The mean BCVA was improved from 0.45±0.26 preoperatively after onset of UGH syndrome to 0.76±0.22(P=0.016)after IOL repositioning or exchange.Among the14 eyes,uveitis,elevated IOP,and hyphema were present preoperatively in 13,13,and 6 eyes,respectively.Uveitis and hyphema resolved in all cases after IOL surgery.The mean IOP was reduced from 26.4±4.5 mm Hg preoperatively to 14.7±4.9 postoperatively(P=0.01).The mean number of glaucoma medications used was reduced from 1.7±1.1 medications preoperatively to 0.8±1.08(P=0.04)postoperatively.CONCLUSION:IOL repositioning or exchange is an effective treatment in many cases for medically resistant contemporary UGH syndrome.
文摘AIM: To analyze and calculate the relative cost of various childhood glaucoma surgical interventions per mm Hg intraocular pressure(IOP) reduction($/mm Hg).METHODS: Representative index studies were reviewed to quantitate the reduction of mean IOP and glaucoma medications for each surgical intervention in childhood glaucoma. A US perspective was adopted, using Medicare allowable costs to calculate cost/mm Hg IOP reduction($/mm Hg) at 1y postoperatively.RESULTS: At 1y postoperatively, the cost/mm Hg IOP reduction was $226/mm Hg for microcatheter-assisted circumferential trabeculotomy, $284/mm Hg for cyclophotocoagulation, $288/mm Hg for conventional ab-externo trabeculotomy, $338/mm Hg for Ahmed glaucoma valve, $350/mm Hg for Baerveldt glaucoma implant, $351/mm Hg for goniotomy, and $400/mm Hg for trabeculectomy.CONCLUSION: Microcatheter-assisted circumferential trabeculotomy is the most cost-efficient surgical method to lower IOP in childhood glaucoma, while trabeculectomy is the least cost-efficient surgical method.
文摘The present study aims to investigate the effect of temporary cerebrospinal fluid pressure(CSFP) reduction on optic nerve head(ONH) and macular vessel density(VD) using optical coherence tomography angiography.Forty-four eyes of 44 adults with diagnostic lumbar puncture and CSFP reduction were recruited.Thirty-two eyes of 32 healthy volunteers were controls.ONH and macular VD images were evaluated differences between baseline and after CSFP reduction.The results showed that the mean CSFP decreased from(11.6±2.1) mm Hg to(8.2±3.4) mm Hg(P<0.001).VD in the macular regions decreased significantly after CSFP reduction in the study group(all P<0.05).The control group showed no significant changes in macular VD(all P>0.05).In the study group,decreased VD in the macular parainferior region was associated with CSFP reduction(R^(2)=0.192,P=0.003),the reduction of macular VD in parafoveal(R^(2)=0.098,P=0.018),parainferior(R^(2)=0.104,P=0.021),parasuperior(R^(2)=0.059,P=0.058),paranasal(R^(2)=0.057,P=0.042),paratemporal(R^(2)=0.079,P=0.026) was associated with mean ocular perfusion pressure decrease following CSFP reduction.ONH vessel density did not differ after CSFP reduction(all P>0.05).In conclusion,macular vessel density decreased in association with CSFP reduction.Retinal vessel density in the macular region is more sensitive than that in peripapillary region after CSFP reduction.
基金supported by the NIH Center Core Grant,No.P30EY014801(to Bascom Palmer Eye Institute)and a Research to Prevent Blindness Unrestricted Grant(to Bascom Palmer Eye Institute)the Walter G.Ross Foundation(to RKL).
文摘The mammalian retina displays incomplete intrinsic regenerative capacities;therefore,retina degeneration is a major cause of irreversible blindness such as glaucoma,agerelated macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.These diseases lead to the loss of retinal cells and serious vision loss in the late stage.Stem cell transplantation is a great promising novel treatment for these incurable retinal degenerative diseases and represents an exciting area of regenerative neurotherapy.Several suitable stem cell sources for transplantation including human embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells have been identified as promising target populations.However,the retina is an elegant neuronal complex composed of various types of cells with different functions.The replacement of these different types of cells by transplantation should be addressed separately.So far,retinal pigment epithelium transplantation has achieved the most advanced stage of clinical trials,while transplantation of retinal neurons such as retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors has been mostly studied in pre-clinical animal models.In this review,we opine on the key problems that need to be addressed before stem cells transplantation,especially for replacing injured retinal ganglion cells,may be used practically for treatment.A key problem we have called the Switchboard Dilemma is a major block to have functional retinal ganglion cell replacement.We use the public switchboard telephone network as an example to illustrate different difficulties for replacing damaged components in the retina that allow for visual signaling.Retinal ganglion cell transplantation is confronted by significant hurdles,because retinal ganglion cells receive signals from different interneurons,integrate and send signals to the correct targets of the visual system,which functions similar to the switchboard in a telephone network-therefore the Switchboard Dilemma.
文摘Aims:To evaluate the medium term efficacy and safety of Altis and Solyx single incision slings(SIS)compared with tension-free vaginal tape(TVT)Abbrevo trans-obturator sling.We hypothesize that both SIS show little difference in efficacy and safety and perform similarly to TVT Abbrevo.Methods:We conducted an ambispective comparative cohort study of women with stress urinary incontinence who received a SIS in comparison to matched TVT Abbrevo subjects from a concurrent randomized controlled trial(RCT).Subjects were identified retrospectively,and prospectively invited for examination and questionnaires>12 months post-operatively.Exclusions included intrinsic sphincter deficiency,previous sling surgery,and others.Primary outcome was subjective cure[negative response to International Consultation Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form(ICIQ-UI SF)question 6,leakage during coughing/activity].Secondary outcomes include objective cure(negative cough stress test),functional outcomes,and adverse events.Results:Between 2012 and 2018,a total of 113 women received one of two SIS surgeries;Solyx(n=50)followed by the Altis(n=63);104 were available for final efficacy analysis.Mean follow-up was 21.7(Altis),46.0(Solyx),and 29.0(Abbrevo)months.Baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups.There was no significant differences in the subjective or objective cure rates between the groups,and no differences in functional outcomes such as patient global impression of improvement,and post-operative ICIQ-UI SF score.There was a low rate of mesh related complications and no differences seen between the groups.Conclusions:Despite being an underpowered study,Altis and Solyx SIS have favourable efficacy and safety profiles which are comparable to an established trans-obturator mid-urethral slings(MUS).
基金Acknowledgement This work was supported financially by Ministry of Commerce, Industry ＆： Energy （MOCIE） through National Mid- and Long-term Atomic Energy R＆D Program.
文摘In the present work,the dispersion casting of Y-2O-3 particles in aluminum-copper alloy was investigated in terms of microstructural changes with respect to Cu contents of 20 （hypo）,33 （eutectic） and 40 （hyper） wt pct by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）.For the fabrication of Al-Cu alloy dispersed Y-2O-3 ceramic particles,stir casting method was employed.In case of Al-20 wt pct Cu alloy （hypoeutectic）,SEM images revealed that primary Al was grown up in the beginning.After that,eutectic phase with well dispersed ceramic particles was formed.In case of eutectic composition,Y-2O-3 particles were uniformly dispersed in the matrix.When the Cu is added into Al up to 40 wt pct （hypereutectic）,primary phase was grown up without any Y-2O-3 ceramic particles in the early stage of solidification.Thereafter, eutectic phase was formed with well dispersed ceramic particles.It can be concluded that Y-2O-3 ceramic particles is mostly dispersed in case of eutectic composition in Al-Cu alloy.
基金supported by the Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Sciences DE-FG02-04ER54766
文摘In an experimental realization of the sheared cylindrical slab, the level of plasma turbulence is strongly reduced by application of a sufficient bias potential difference in the radial direction. Density fluctuation levels △nrms/n decrease by more than a factor of five. The ion flow velocity profile is measured spectroscopically from the Doppler shift of an argon ion line. Comparison of the shearing rates with the turbulent amplitudes as a function of bias show no relation between the shearing rate and turbulence reduction, contrary to expectations.
