Dihadron azimuthal correlations containing a high transverse momentum(pr)trigger particle are sensit-ive to the properties of the nuclear medium created at RHIC through the strong interactions occurring between the tr...Dihadron azimuthal correlations containing a high transverse momentum(pr)trigger particle are sensit-ive to the properties of the nuclear medium created at RHIC through the strong interactions occurring between the traversing parton and the medium,ie.jet-quenching.Previous measurements revealed a strong modification to di-hadron azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions with respect to ptp and d+Au collisions.The modification in-creases with the collision centrality,suggesting a path-length or energy density dependence to the je-quenching ef-fect.This paper reports STAR measurements of dihadron azimuthal correlations in mid-central(20%-60%)Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=200 GeV as a function of the trigger particle's azimuthal angle relative to the event plane,Ф_(s)=|Ф_(t)-ψ_(Ep)|.The azimuthal correlation is studied as a function of both the trigger and associated particle pr.The subtractions of the combinatorial background and anisotropic flow,assuming Zero Yield At Minimum(ZYAM),are described.The correlation results are first discussed with subtraction of the even harmonic(elliptic and quadrangu-lar)flow backgrounds.The away-side correlation is strongly modifed,and the modification varies withФ_(s),with a double-peak structure for out-of-plane trigger particles.The near-side ridge(long range pseudo-rapidity△_(η)correla-tion)appears to drop with increasingФ_(s)while the jet-like component remains approximately constant.The correla-tion functions are further studied with the subtraction of odd harmonic triangular flow background arising from fluc-tuations.It is found that the triangular flow,while responsible for the majority of the amplitudes,is not sufficient to explain theφs-dependence of the ridge or the away-side double-peak structure.The dropping ridge withФ_(s)could be attributed to aФ_(s)-dependent lliptie anisotropy;however,the physics mechanism of the ridge remains an open ques-tion.Even with aФ_(s)-dependent elliptic flow,the away-side correlation structure is robust.These results,with exte展开更多
The surface of glass is crucial for understanding many fundamental processes in glassy solids.A common notion is that a glass surface is a thin layer with liquid-like atomic dynamics and a thickness of a few tens of n...The surface of glass is crucial for understanding many fundamental processes in glassy solids.A common notion is that a glass surface is a thin layer with liquid-like atomic dynamics and a thickness of a few tens of nanometers.Here,we measured the shear modulus at the surface of both millimeter-size and micrometer-size metallic glasses(MGs)through high-sensitivity torsion techniques.We found a pronounced shear-modulus softening at the surface of MGs.Compared with the bulk,the maximum decrease in the surface shear modulus(G)for the micro-scale MGs reaches~27%,which is close to the decrease in the G upon glass transition,yet it still behaves solid-like.Strikingly,the surface thickness estimated from the shear-modulus softening is at least 400 nm,which is approximately one order of magnitude larger than that revealed from the glass dynamics.The unusually thick surface is also confirmed by measurements using X-ray nano-computed tomography,and this may account for the brittle-to-ductile transition of the MGs with size reductions.The unique and unusual properties at the surface of the micrometer-size MGs are physically related to the negative pressure effect during the thermoplastic formation process,which can dramatically reduce the density of the proximate surface region in the supercooled liquid state.展开更多
The reduction behavior of iron ore pellets containing carbon under non-isothermal condition in the temperature range from 573 to 1373 K was investigated in a laboratory scale setup. The test results show that carbon c...The reduction behavior of iron ore pellets containing carbon under non-isothermal condition in the temperature range from 573 to 1373 K was investigated in a laboratory scale setup. The test results show that carbon content has no obvious effect on reduction degree of composite pellets (C/O mole ratio=1.0) by CO in the temperature range from 573 to 1373 K under linear temperature-rising program; reduction degree of iron ore pellets containing carbon is large in 90%CO-10%CO2 mixture than that of in 100%CO atmosphere or in 80%CO-20%CO2 mixture; the s type temperature-rising program has a better effect than that of linear one in increasing the reduction degree; and reduction degree of slower linear temperature-rising program is greater than that of faster one, but the final reduction degrees, i.e., those at the highest temperature are about the same for various CO partial pressures or temperature-rising programs. The kinetic analysis also shows that the reduction of iron ore-carbon composite pellets by CO or CO-CO2 mixture under non-isothermal condition should be controlled by surface reaction, and the apparent reduction activation energy changes with the reduction progress under various test conditions.展开更多
The superτ-charm facility(STCF)is an electron–positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics community.It is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of...The superτ-charm facility(STCF)is an electron–positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics community.It is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s^(–1) or higher.The STCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that of the presentτ-charm factory—the BEPCII,providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter(charge-parity violation),in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions,as well as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the Standard Model.The STCF project in China is under development with an extensive R&D program.This document presents the physics opportunities at the STCF,describes conceptual designs of the STCF detector system,and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics case studies.展开更多
The establishment of a possible connection between neutrino emission and gravitational-wave(GW)bursts is important to our understanding of the physical processes that occur when black holes or neutron stars merge.In t...The establishment of a possible connection between neutrino emission and gravitational-wave(GW)bursts is important to our understanding of the physical processes that occur when black holes or neutron stars merge.In the Daya Bay experiment,using the data collected from December 2011 to August 2017,a search was per-formed for electron-antineutrino signals that coincided with detected GW events,including GW150914,GW151012,GW151226,GW170104,GW170608,GW 170814,and GW 170817.We used three time windows of±10,±500,and±1000 s relative to the occurrence of the GW events and a neutrino energy range of 1.8 to 100 MeV to search for correlated neutrino candidates.The detected electron-antineutrino candidates were consistent with the expected background rates for all the three time windows.Assuming monochromatic spectra,we found upper limits(90%confidence level)of the electron-antineutrino fluence of(1.13-2.44)×10^(11)cm^(-2)at 5 MeV to 8.0×10^(7)cm^(-2)at 100 MeV for the three time w indows.Under the assumption of a Fermi-Dirac spectrum,the upper limits were found to be(5.4-7.0)×10^(9)cm^(2)for the three time windows.展开更多
The prediction of reactor antineutrino spectra will play a crucial role as reactor experiments enter the precision era.The positron energy spectrum of 3.5 million antineutrino inverse beta decay reactions observed by ...The prediction of reactor antineutrino spectra will play a crucial role as reactor experiments enter the precision era.The positron energy spectrum of 3.5 million antineutrino inverse beta decay reactions observed by the Daya Bay experiment,in combination with the fission rates of fissile isotopes in the reactor,is used to extract the positron energy spectra resulting from the fission of specific isotopes.This information can be used to produce a precise,data-based prediction of the antineutrino energy spectrum in other reactor antineutrino experiments with different fission fractions than Daya Bay.The positron energy spectra are unfolded to obtain the antineutrino energy spectra by removing the contribution from detector response with the Wiener-SVD unfolding method.Consistent results are obtained with other unfolding methods.A technique to construct a data-based prediction of the reactor antineutrino energy spectrum is proposed and investigated.Given the reactor fission fractions,the technique can predict the energy spectrum to a 2%precision.In addition,we illustrate how to perform a rigorous comparison between the unfolded antineutrino spectrum and a theoretical model prediction that avoids the input model bias of the unfolding method.展开更多
Objective: To compare the short-time complications associated with time-opening suprapubic catheter (SPT) versus intermittent catheter (IC) in male patients with spinal cord injury (above level C5). Methods: A prospec...Objective: To compare the short-time complications associated with time-opening suprapubic catheter (SPT) versus intermittent catheter (IC) in male patients with spinal cord injury (above level C5). Methods: A prospective review of records was carried out to identify SCI patients managed with SPT or IC between 2011 and 2016. The complications included renal function (Serum creatinine), urinary tract infection (UTI), bladder stones, urethral complications, scrotal, and gross hematuria. Patients were followed at week 4, 3 and 6 months;the urodynamic assessment was repeated at 6 months. Results: A total of 30 patients (11 SPT, 19 IC) were recruited in this trial. There is no significant difference between the two catheter groups for the entire out-come. Scrotal abscesses and urethral stricture were only seen in patients with IC. Conclusions: SPT has similar urological complication with IC for SCI patients (above level C5) except the incidence of scrotal abscesses and urethral stricture.展开更多
A complete semi-analytical solution is obtained for second-order diffraction of plane bichromatic waves by a fixed truncated circular column.The fluid domain is divided into interior and exterior regions.In the exteri...A complete semi-analytical solution is obtained for second-order diffraction of plane bichromatic waves by a fixed truncated circular column.The fluid domain is divided into interior and exterior regions.In the exterior region,the second-order velocity potential is expressed in terms of‘locked-wave’and‘free-wave’ components,both are solved using Fourier and eigenfunction expansions.The re- sulting‘locked wave’potential is expressed by one-dimensional Green's integrals with oscillating integrands.In order to increase computational efficiency,the far-field part of the integrals are carried out analytically.Solutions in both regions are matched on the interface by the potential and its normal derivative continuity conditions.Based on the present approach,the sum-and difference-frequency potentials are efficiently evaluated and are used to generate the quadratic transfer functions which correlates the incident wave spectrum with second-order forcing spectrum on the column.The sum-frequency QTFs for a TLP column are present,which are compared for some frequency pairs with those from a fully numerical procedure.Satisfactory agreement has been obtained.QTF spectra for a case study TLP column,generated using the semi-analytical solution are presented.Also given are the results for nonlinear wave field around the column.展开更多
We present in this paper a semi-analytical solution for second-order wave diffraction by a vertical circular cylinder in bichromatic waves. On the base of the usual assumption of an irrotational flow, the wave-diffrac...We present in this paper a semi-analytical solution for second-order wave diffraction by a vertical circular cylinder in bichromatic waves. On the base of the usual assumption of an irrotational flow, the wave-diffraction problems at second-order sum-frequency and difference-frequency are considered. The corresponding second-order diffraction potentials are decomposed into three parts, these are associated with the second-order incident wave, the quadratic forcing terras on the free-surface due to the first-order potential, and the linearised free-wave component resulting from the boundary condition on the body surface. A particular solution which exactly satisfies the inhomogeneous free-surface condition has been derived. Numerical results for the quadratic transfer functions of the second-order force components are given, and are compared with those obtained using numerical solutions (Kim & Yue, 1990,Moubayed & Williams 1995). These quadratic functions are useful in calculating the exciting forces on a circular cylinder of large dimension, fixed in irregular wave fields.展开更多
Background The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO),a 20-kton multipurpose underground liquid scintillator detector,was proposed with the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy as a primary physics go...Background The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO),a 20-kton multipurpose underground liquid scintillator detector,was proposed with the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy as a primary physics goal.To veto the cosmogenic background and shield the central detector from the environmental radioactivity,a multi-veto system,which consists of a water Cherenkov detector and a top tracker detector,is required.In order to keep the water quality good and remove the radon from water,an ultrapure water system,a radon removal system and radon concentration measurement system have been designed.Method The JUNO ultrapure water system was designed on the basis of the water system of the Daya Bay experiment.By installing the degassing membrane devices on the water system of JUNO prototype and Daya Bay experiment which can remove radon from water,the radon removal efficiency has been measured at the conditions of different gas–liquid phase pressures and different gas concentrations in water using the radon measurement system.Result Loading carbon dioxide into the water and increasing the inlet water pressure could help to improve the radon removal efficiency of the degassing membrane devices,and the radon concentration in water can be reduced to∼0.1 Bq/m^(3).Conclusion A reliable ultrapure water production and circulation system has been designed to keep the water quality good and to reduce the radon concentration in water for JUNO water Cherenkov detector.The radon concentration in water can satisfy the requirement of JUNO by using the Liqui-Cel degassing membrane devices.展开更多
Background JUNO(The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory)is a multipurpose neutrino experiment,and it has very strict requirements for the detector.According to the MC simulation for JUNO experiment requirements,...Background JUNO(The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory)is a multipurpose neutrino experiment,and it has very strict requirements for the detector.According to the MC simulation for JUNO experiment requirements,the Rn concentration in the water of the veto detector should be less than 0.2Bq/m^(3).In order to measure such low Rn concentration,two kinds of high-sensitivity Rn measurement systems have been developed.Method Based on the water system of JUNO prototype,two kinds of high-sensitivity Rn detectors have been developed,namely the Si-PIN Rn detector and the LS Rn detector.The Si-PIN Rn detector uses a Si-PIN photodiode to detect theαfrom ^(214)Po decay and the LS Rn detector detects the coincident signals ofβfrom ^(214)Bi decay andβfrom ^(214)Po decay.Result The background measurement of Si-PIN Rn detector and LS Rn detector is performed to estimate the sensitivity.The sensitivity of Si-PIN Rn detector is around 9.0mBq/m^(3) and the sensitivity of LS Rn detector is around 64.0Bq/m^(3).Conclusion Both of the Si-PIN Rn detector and the LS Rn detector are working well with the JUNO prototype at present,and both of them can be developed as an online Rn concentration monitoring device for JUNO veto detector.展开更多
The LiB compounds in lithium deficient state were prepared by three methods and its crystal structure was investigated by using XRD. It is found that the lattice constant c of the compound will increase step by step w...The LiB compounds in lithium deficient state were prepared by three methods and its crystal structure was investigated by using XRD. It is found that the lattice constant c of the compound will increase step by step with decreasing Li content from 0.2796nm of the normal LiB to 0.2886, 0.2981 and 0.3118nm of the lithium deficient LiB. The change of the lattice constant is reversible.展开更多
Creep experiments have been conducted on five powder metallurgy TiAl alloys with fine grains (65~80 μm), fine lamellar spacings (0.1~0.16 μm), and different compositions [Ti 47Al(+Cr, Nb, Ta, W, Si)] at temperatur...Creep experiments have been conducted on five powder metallurgy TiAl alloys with fine grains (65~80 μm), fine lamellar spacings (0.1~0.16 μm), and different compositions [Ti 47Al(+Cr, Nb, Ta, W, Si)] at temperatures of 760 ℃ and 815 ℃ and stresses from 35 to 723 MPa. Results show that at a given lamellar spacing 1% Nb(mole fraction) with 1% Ta and replacing 0.2% Ta with 0.2% W induced little effect, but addition of 0.3% Si decreased the creep resistance by a factor of 3~4 under otherwise identical conditions. These different effects of different alloying elements are interpreted in terms of the interaction of alloy segregants with misfit and/or misorientaion dislocations at the lamellar interface. That is, the interaction retards or facilitates the climb of interfacial dislocations, which is rate controlling during creep, depending on the size of the segregants relative to the host atoms.展开更多
Our work reported that the so-called pure carbon nanotubes(CNTs)can be synthesized without metallic catalyst by chemical vapor deposition(CVD).The as-prepared CNTs have average diameter of 50 nm and length over severa...Our work reported that the so-called pure carbon nanotubes(CNTs)can be synthesized without metallic catalyst by chemical vapor deposition(CVD).The as-prepared CNTs have average diameter of 50 nm and length over several microns.Analysis of intermediate objects in the products indicates that their formation mechanism follows the wire-to-tube model.Besides,according to thermodynamic analysis of the driving force combing with experimental results,we find that the thermal gradient can effectively favor the formation of CNTs in our metallic catalyst-free CVD.展开更多
SnSe single crystals have been demonstrated to possess excellent thermoelectric properties.In this work,we demonstrate a grain size control method in growing nanocrystalline SnSe thin films through a glancing angle pu...SnSe single crystals have been demonstrated to possess excellent thermoelectric properties.In this work,we demonstrate a grain size control method in growing nanocrystalline SnSe thin films through a glancing angle pulsed-laser deposition approach.Structural characterization reveals that the SnSe film deposited at a normal angle has a preferred orientation along a axis,while by contrast,the SnSe film deposited at an 80glancing angle develops a nanopillar structure with the growth direction towards the incident atomic flux.The glancing angle deposition greatly reduces the grain size of the thin film due to a shadowing effect to the adatoms,resulting in significantly increased power factor for more than 100%.The maximum Seebeck coefficient and power factor are 498.5 mV=K and 18.5 mWcm^(-1)K^(-2),respectively.The enhancement of thermoelectric property can be attributed to the potential barrier scattering at grain boundaries owing to the reduced grain size and increased grain boundaries in the film.Given this enhanced power factor,and considering the fact that the nanopillar structure should have much lower thermal conductivity than a plain film,the zT value of such made SnSe film could be significantly larger than the corresponding single crystal film,making it a good candidate for thin film-based thermoelectric device.展开更多
基金Supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S.DOE Office of Sciencethe U.S.NSF+18 种基金the Sloan Foundationthe DFG cluster of excellence‘Origin and Structure of the Universe’of Germany,CNRS/IN2P3STFC and EPSRC of the United KingdomFAPESP CNPq of Brazil,Ministry of Ed.Sci.of the Russian FederationNNSFCCASMoSTMoE of ChinaGA and MSMT of the Czech RepublicFOM and NWO of the NetherlandsDAEDSTCSIR of IndiaPolish Ministry of Sci.Higher Ed.,Korea Research Foundation,Ministry of Sci.,Ed.Sports of the Rep.Of CroatiaRussian Ministry of Sci.and TechRos-Atom of Russia。
文摘Dihadron azimuthal correlations containing a high transverse momentum(pr)trigger particle are sensit-ive to the properties of the nuclear medium created at RHIC through the strong interactions occurring between the traversing parton and the medium,ie.jet-quenching.Previous measurements revealed a strong modification to di-hadron azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions with respect to ptp and d+Au collisions.The modification in-creases with the collision centrality,suggesting a path-length or energy density dependence to the je-quenching ef-fect.This paper reports STAR measurements of dihadron azimuthal correlations in mid-central(20%-60%)Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=200 GeV as a function of the trigger particle's azimuthal angle relative to the event plane,Ф_(s)=|Ф_(t)-ψ_(Ep)|.The azimuthal correlation is studied as a function of both the trigger and associated particle pr.The subtractions of the combinatorial background and anisotropic flow,assuming Zero Yield At Minimum(ZYAM),are described.The correlation results are first discussed with subtraction of the even harmonic(elliptic and quadrangu-lar)flow backgrounds.The away-side correlation is strongly modifed,and the modification varies withФ_(s),with a double-peak structure for out-of-plane trigger particles.The near-side ridge(long range pseudo-rapidity△_(η)correla-tion)appears to drop with increasingФ_(s)while the jet-like component remains approximately constant.The correla-tion functions are further studied with the subtraction of odd harmonic triangular flow background arising from fluc-tuations.It is found that the triangular flow,while responsible for the majority of the amplitudes,is not sufficient to explain theφs-dependence of the ridge or the away-side double-peak structure.The dropping ridge withФ_(s)could be attributed to aФ_(s)-dependent lliptie anisotropy;however,the physics mechanism of the ridge remains an open ques-tion.Even with aФ_(s)-dependent elliptic flow,the away-side correlation structure is robust.These results,with exte
基金This research was supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research of China(grant no.2019B030302010)the National Key Research and Development Plan(grant nos.2018YFA0703603,2017YFB0903902,2016YFB0300501)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.51822107,11790291,61888102)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.XDB30000000)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(no.Z191100007219006).
文摘The surface of glass is crucial for understanding many fundamental processes in glassy solids.A common notion is that a glass surface is a thin layer with liquid-like atomic dynamics and a thickness of a few tens of nanometers.Here,we measured the shear modulus at the surface of both millimeter-size and micrometer-size metallic glasses(MGs)through high-sensitivity torsion techniques.We found a pronounced shear-modulus softening at the surface of MGs.Compared with the bulk,the maximum decrease in the surface shear modulus(G)for the micro-scale MGs reaches~27%,which is close to the decrease in the G upon glass transition,yet it still behaves solid-like.Strikingly,the surface thickness estimated from the shear-modulus softening is at least 400 nm,which is approximately one order of magnitude larger than that revealed from the glass dynamics.The unusually thick surface is also confirmed by measurements using X-ray nano-computed tomography,and this may account for the brittle-to-ductile transition of the MGs with size reductions.The unique and unusual properties at the surface of the micrometer-size MGs are physically related to the negative pressure effect during the thermoplastic formation process,which can dramatically reduce the density of the proximate surface region in the supercooled liquid state.
文摘The reduction behavior of iron ore pellets containing carbon under non-isothermal condition in the temperature range from 573 to 1373 K was investigated in a laboratory scale setup. The test results show that carbon content has no obvious effect on reduction degree of composite pellets (C/O mole ratio=1.0) by CO in the temperature range from 573 to 1373 K under linear temperature-rising program; reduction degree of iron ore pellets containing carbon is large in 90%CO-10%CO2 mixture than that of in 100%CO atmosphere or in 80%CO-20%CO2 mixture; the s type temperature-rising program has a better effect than that of linear one in increasing the reduction degree; and reduction degree of slower linear temperature-rising program is greater than that of faster one, but the final reduction degrees, i.e., those at the highest temperature are about the same for various CO partial pressures or temperature-rising programs. The kinetic analysis also shows that the reduction of iron ore-carbon composite pellets by CO or CO-CO2 mixture under non-isothermal condition should be controlled by surface reaction, and the apparent reduction activation energy changes with the reduction progress under various test conditions.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Contract No.2022YFA1602200the International Partnership Program of the Chineses Academy of Sciences under Grant No.211134KYSB20200057the STCF Key Technology Research and Development Project.
文摘The superτ-charm facility(STCF)is an electron–positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics community.It is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s^(–1) or higher.The STCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that of the presentτ-charm factory—the BEPCII,providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter(charge-parity violation),in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions,as well as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the Standard Model.The STCF project in China is under development with an extensive R&D program.This document presents the physics opportunities at the STCF,describes conceptual designs of the STCF detector system,and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics case studies.
基金Daya Bay is supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology o f China, the U.S. Department o f Energy, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the CASCenter for Excellence in Particle Physics, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Guangdong provincial government, the Shenzhen municipal government,the China General Nuclear Power Group, Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Tsinghua University), the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory ofParticle Physics and Particle Irradiation (Shandong University), the Ministry o f Education, Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, the ResearchGrants Council o f the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, the University Development Fund of the University of Hong Kong, the MOE program forResearch of Excellence at National Taiwan University, National Chiao-Tung University, NSC fund support from Taiwan, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the AlfredP. Sloan Foundation, the Ministry o f Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic, the Charles University GAUK (284317), the Joint Institute o f NuclearResearch in Dubna, Russia, the National Commission of Scientific and Technological Research of Chile, and the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program.
文摘The establishment of a possible connection between neutrino emission and gravitational-wave(GW)bursts is important to our understanding of the physical processes that occur when black holes or neutron stars merge.In the Daya Bay experiment,using the data collected from December 2011 to August 2017,a search was per-formed for electron-antineutrino signals that coincided with detected GW events,including GW150914,GW151012,GW151226,GW170104,GW170608,GW 170814,and GW 170817.We used three time windows of±10,±500,and±1000 s relative to the occurrence of the GW events and a neutrino energy range of 1.8 to 100 MeV to search for correlated neutrino candidates.The detected electron-antineutrino candidates were consistent with the expected background rates for all the three time windows.Assuming monochromatic spectra,we found upper limits(90%confidence level)of the electron-antineutrino fluence of(1.13-2.44)×10^(11)cm^(-2)at 5 MeV to 8.0×10^(7)cm^(-2)at 100 MeV for the three time w indows.Under the assumption of a Fermi-Dirac spectrum,the upper limits were found to be(5.4-7.0)×10^(9)cm^(2)for the three time windows.
基金Supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe U.S.Department of Energy,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,the National Natural Science Foundation of China+3 种基金the Guangdong provincial governmentthe Shenzhen municipal government,the China General Nuclear Power Group,the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,the Ministry of Education in TWthe U.S.National Science Foundation,the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports of the Czech Republic,the Charles University Research Centre UNCE,the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research in Dubna,Russiathe National Commission of Scientific and Technological Research of Chile。
文摘The prediction of reactor antineutrino spectra will play a crucial role as reactor experiments enter the precision era.The positron energy spectrum of 3.5 million antineutrino inverse beta decay reactions observed by the Daya Bay experiment,in combination with the fission rates of fissile isotopes in the reactor,is used to extract the positron energy spectra resulting from the fission of specific isotopes.This information can be used to produce a precise,data-based prediction of the antineutrino energy spectrum in other reactor antineutrino experiments with different fission fractions than Daya Bay.The positron energy spectra are unfolded to obtain the antineutrino energy spectra by removing the contribution from detector response with the Wiener-SVD unfolding method.Consistent results are obtained with other unfolding methods.A technique to construct a data-based prediction of the reactor antineutrino energy spectrum is proposed and investigated.Given the reactor fission fractions,the technique can predict the energy spectrum to a 2%precision.In addition,we illustrate how to perform a rigorous comparison between the unfolded antineutrino spectrum and a theoretical model prediction that avoids the input model bias of the unfolding method.
文摘Objective: To compare the short-time complications associated with time-opening suprapubic catheter (SPT) versus intermittent catheter (IC) in male patients with spinal cord injury (above level C5). Methods: A prospective review of records was carried out to identify SCI patients managed with SPT or IC between 2011 and 2016. The complications included renal function (Serum creatinine), urinary tract infection (UTI), bladder stones, urethral complications, scrotal, and gross hematuria. Patients were followed at week 4, 3 and 6 months;the urodynamic assessment was repeated at 6 months. Results: A total of 30 patients (11 SPT, 19 IC) were recruited in this trial. There is no significant difference between the two catheter groups for the entire out-come. Scrotal abscesses and urethral stricture were only seen in patients with IC. Conclusions: SPT has similar urological complication with IC for SCI patients (above level C5) except the incidence of scrotal abscesses and urethral stricture.
文摘A complete semi-analytical solution is obtained for second-order diffraction of plane bichromatic waves by a fixed truncated circular column.The fluid domain is divided into interior and exterior regions.In the exterior region,the second-order velocity potential is expressed in terms of‘locked-wave’and‘free-wave’ components,both are solved using Fourier and eigenfunction expansions.The re- sulting‘locked wave’potential is expressed by one-dimensional Green's integrals with oscillating integrands.In order to increase computational efficiency,the far-field part of the integrals are carried out analytically.Solutions in both regions are matched on the interface by the potential and its normal derivative continuity conditions.Based on the present approach,the sum-and difference-frequency potentials are efficiently evaluated and are used to generate the quadratic transfer functions which correlates the incident wave spectrum with second-order forcing spectrum on the column.The sum-frequency QTFs for a TLP column are present,which are compared for some frequency pairs with those from a fully numerical procedure.Satisfactory agreement has been obtained.QTF spectra for a case study TLP column,generated using the semi-analytical solution are presented.Also given are the results for nonlinear wave field around the column.
文摘We present in this paper a semi-analytical solution for second-order wave diffraction by a vertical circular cylinder in bichromatic waves. On the base of the usual assumption of an irrotational flow, the wave-diffraction problems at second-order sum-frequency and difference-frequency are considered. The corresponding second-order diffraction potentials are decomposed into three parts, these are associated with the second-order incident wave, the quadratic forcing terras on the free-surface due to the first-order potential, and the linearised free-wave component resulting from the boundary condition on the body surface. A particular solution which exactly satisfies the inhomogeneous free-surface condition has been derived. Numerical results for the quadratic transfer functions of the second-order force components are given, and are compared with those obtained using numerical solutions (Kim & Yue, 1990,Moubayed & Williams 1995). These quadratic functions are useful in calculating the exciting forces on a circular cylinder of large dimension, fixed in irregular wave fields.
基金This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA10010300).
文摘Background The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO),a 20-kton multipurpose underground liquid scintillator detector,was proposed with the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy as a primary physics goal.To veto the cosmogenic background and shield the central detector from the environmental radioactivity,a multi-veto system,which consists of a water Cherenkov detector and a top tracker detector,is required.In order to keep the water quality good and remove the radon from water,an ultrapure water system,a radon removal system and radon concentration measurement system have been designed.Method The JUNO ultrapure water system was designed on the basis of the water system of the Daya Bay experiment.By installing the degassing membrane devices on the water system of JUNO prototype and Daya Bay experiment which can remove radon from water,the radon removal efficiency has been measured at the conditions of different gas–liquid phase pressures and different gas concentrations in water using the radon measurement system.Result Loading carbon dioxide into the water and increasing the inlet water pressure could help to improve the radon removal efficiency of the degassing membrane devices,and the radon concentration in water can be reduced to∼0.1 Bq/m^(3).Conclusion A reliable ultrapure water production and circulation system has been designed to keep the water quality good and to reduce the radon concentration in water for JUNO water Cherenkov detector.The radon concentration in water can satisfy the requirement of JUNO by using the Liqui-Cel degassing membrane devices.
基金This work is supported by Xie Jialin Foundation of Institute of High Energy Physics(IHEP,Y7546150U2).
文摘Background JUNO(The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory)is a multipurpose neutrino experiment,and it has very strict requirements for the detector.According to the MC simulation for JUNO experiment requirements,the Rn concentration in the water of the veto detector should be less than 0.2Bq/m^(3).In order to measure such low Rn concentration,two kinds of high-sensitivity Rn measurement systems have been developed.Method Based on the water system of JUNO prototype,two kinds of high-sensitivity Rn detectors have been developed,namely the Si-PIN Rn detector and the LS Rn detector.The Si-PIN Rn detector uses a Si-PIN photodiode to detect theαfrom ^(214)Po decay and the LS Rn detector detects the coincident signals ofβfrom ^(214)Bi decay andβfrom ^(214)Po decay.Result The background measurement of Si-PIN Rn detector and LS Rn detector is performed to estimate the sensitivity.The sensitivity of Si-PIN Rn detector is around 9.0mBq/m^(3) and the sensitivity of LS Rn detector is around 64.0Bq/m^(3).Conclusion Both of the Si-PIN Rn detector and the LS Rn detector are working well with the JUNO prototype at present,and both of them can be developed as an online Rn concentration monitoring device for JUNO veto detector.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50172062)
文摘The LiB compounds in lithium deficient state were prepared by three methods and its crystal structure was investigated by using XRD. It is found that the lattice constant c of the compound will increase step by step with decreasing Li content from 0.2796nm of the normal LiB to 0.2886, 0.2981 and 0.3118nm of the lithium deficient LiB. The change of the lattice constant is reversible.
文摘Creep experiments have been conducted on five powder metallurgy TiAl alloys with fine grains (65~80 μm), fine lamellar spacings (0.1~0.16 μm), and different compositions [Ti 47Al(+Cr, Nb, Ta, W, Si)] at temperatures of 760 ℃ and 815 ℃ and stresses from 35 to 723 MPa. Results show that at a given lamellar spacing 1% Nb(mole fraction) with 1% Ta and replacing 0.2% Ta with 0.2% W induced little effect, but addition of 0.3% Si decreased the creep resistance by a factor of 3~4 under otherwise identical conditions. These different effects of different alloying elements are interpreted in terms of the interaction of alloy segregants with misfit and/or misorientaion dislocations at the lamellar interface. That is, the interaction retards or facilitates the climb of interfacial dislocations, which is rate controlling during creep, depending on the size of the segregants relative to the host atoms.
基金supported by the Creative Research Group of National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50721003)the Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China for Returned Scholars(Grant No.2005383)
文摘Our work reported that the so-called pure carbon nanotubes(CNTs)can be synthesized without metallic catalyst by chemical vapor deposition(CVD).The as-prepared CNTs have average diameter of 50 nm and length over several microns.Analysis of intermediate objects in the products indicates that their formation mechanism follows the wire-to-tube model.Besides,according to thermodynamic analysis of the driving force combing with experimental results,we find that the thermal gradient can effectively favor the formation of CNTs in our metallic catalyst-free CVD.
基金We thank support from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(Grant Nos.1-ZVCG,1eZVGH,4eZZDC,and DD7F).
文摘SnSe single crystals have been demonstrated to possess excellent thermoelectric properties.In this work,we demonstrate a grain size control method in growing nanocrystalline SnSe thin films through a glancing angle pulsed-laser deposition approach.Structural characterization reveals that the SnSe film deposited at a normal angle has a preferred orientation along a axis,while by contrast,the SnSe film deposited at an 80glancing angle develops a nanopillar structure with the growth direction towards the incident atomic flux.The glancing angle deposition greatly reduces the grain size of the thin film due to a shadowing effect to the adatoms,resulting in significantly increased power factor for more than 100%.The maximum Seebeck coefficient and power factor are 498.5 mV=K and 18.5 mWcm^(-1)K^(-2),respectively.The enhancement of thermoelectric property can be attributed to the potential barrier scattering at grain boundaries owing to the reduced grain size and increased grain boundaries in the film.Given this enhanced power factor,and considering the fact that the nanopillar structure should have much lower thermal conductivity than a plain film,the zT value of such made SnSe film could be significantly larger than the corresponding single crystal film,making it a good candidate for thin film-based thermoelectric device.