INTRODUCTIONThe word omentum derives from the ancientEgyptians who,when embalming human bodies,used to assess their'omens'by looking at thevariations in what we recognise today as theomentum.Galen(128-199 AD)t...INTRODUCTIONThe word omentum derives from the ancientEgyptians who,when embalming human bodies,used to assess their'omens'by looking at thevariations in what we recognise today as theomentum.Galen(128-199 AD)thought that therole of the omentum was to warm the intestines.This was on the basis of a gladiator who had anomental resection after a stab injury and sufferedgreatly from cold for the rest of his life.A展开更多
The surgeon is invariably the primary specialist involvedin managing patients with short bowel syndrome. Becauseof this they will play an important role in co-ordinating themanagement of these patients. The principal ...The surgeon is invariably the primary specialist involvedin managing patients with short bowel syndrome. Becauseof this they will play an important role in co-ordinating themanagement of these patients. The principal aims at theinitial surgery are to preserve life, then to preserve gutlength, and maintain its continuity. In the immediatepostoperative period, there needs to be a balancebetween keeping the patient alive through the use of TPNand antisecretory agents and promoting gut adaptationwith the use of oral nutrition. lf the gut fails to adaptduring this period, then the patient may require therapywith more specific agents to promote gut adaptation suchas growth factors and glutamine. lf following this, thepatient still has a short gut syndrome, then the principaloptions remain either long term TPN, or intestinaltransplantation which remains a difficult and challengingprocedure with a high mortality and morbidity due torejection.展开更多
A new search for two-neutrino double-beta(2νββ)decay of^(136)Xe to the 0+1 excited state of 136Ba is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset.A deep learning-based convolutional neural network is used to discriminat...A new search for two-neutrino double-beta(2νββ)decay of^(136)Xe to the 0+1 excited state of 136Ba is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset.A deep learning-based convolutional neural network is used to discriminate signal from background events.Signal detection efficiency is increased relative to previous searches by EXO-200 by more than a factor of two.With the addition of the Phase II dataset taken with an upgraded detector,the median 90%confidence level half-life sensitivity of 2νββdecay to the 0+1 state of 136Ba is 2.9×10^(24)yr using a total^(136)Xe exposure of 234.1 kg yr.No statistically significant evidence for 2νββdecay to the 0^(+)_(1)state is observed,leading to a lower limit of T2ν1/2(0^(+)→0^(+)_(1))>1.4×10^(24)yr at 90%confidence level,improved by 70%relative to the current world's best constraint.展开更多
目的员工的工作投入、工作满意度、护理质量和离职意愿是医疗卫生机构绩效的关键指标。本研究旨在调查美国护士工作投入现状及关联因素,分析护士工作投入、工作满意度、感知护理质量和离职意愿之间的关系。方法采用横断面描述性研究设计...目的员工的工作投入、工作满意度、护理质量和离职意愿是医疗卫生机构绩效的关键指标。本研究旨在调查美国护士工作投入现状及关联因素,分析护士工作投入、工作满意度、感知护理质量和离职意愿之间的关系。方法采用横断面描述性研究设计。2022年3—9月,通过在线方式对美国注册护士进行调查。采用Utrecht工作投入量表(Utrecht Work Engagement Scale)测量护士工作投入状况,收集护士的一般资料,通过问题询问方式调查他们的工作满意度、感知护理质量和离职意愿。结果共有900名护士参与调查。其中,79.2%报告持有专业认证资格,59.4%在工作满意度方面得分较高或非常高,82.2%报告感知护理质量较高或非常高,但有28.4%的人表示在接下来的一年里可能或非常可能离职。护士的工作投入水平受到护士工作满意度、感知护理质量和离职意愿的影响。工作满意度高、感知护理质量高以及离职意愿更低的护士表现出更高水平的工作投入。线性回归分析显示,年龄较大、白种人并获得博士学位的护士与其同行相比,表现出更高水平的工作投入。结论本研究表明,护士的工作投入与其工作满意度、感知护理质量和离职意愿存在关联。护士的工作投入与工作满意度明显关联,护理管理者需要采取积极措施提高护士的工作满意度和留任率。展开更多
Geographic patterns in body size are often associated with latitude,elevation,or environmental and climatic variables.This study investigated patterns of body size and cell size of the green anole lizard,Anolis caroli...Geographic patterns in body size are often associated with latitude,elevation,or environmental and climatic variables.This study investigated patterns of body size and cell size of the green anole lizard,Anolis carolinensis,and potential associations with geography or climatic variables.Lizards were sampled from 19 populations across the native range,and body size,red blood cell size and size and number of muscle cells were measured.Climatic data from local weather stations and latitude and longitude were entered into model selection with Akaike’s information criterion to explain patterns in cell and body sizes.Climatic variables did not drive any major patterns in cell size or body size;rather,latitude and longitude were the best predictors of cell and body size.In general,smaller body and cell sizes in Florida anoles drove geographic patterns in A.carolinensis.Small size in Florida may be attributable to�q�the�geological history of the peninsular state or�the�unique ecological factors in this area,including a recently introduced congener.In contrast to previous studies,we found that A.carolinensis does not follow Bergmann’s rule when the influence of Florida is excluded.Rather,the opposite pattern of larger lizards in southern populations is evident in the absence of Florida populations,and mirrors the general pattern in squamates.Muscle cell size was negatively related to latitude and red blood cell size showed no latitudinal trend outside of Florida.Different patterns in the sizes of the 2 cell types confirm the importance of examining multiple cell types when studying geographic variation in cell size.展开更多
Nanoparticles are increasingly being recognized for their potential utility in biological applications including nanomedicine.Here,we have synthesized zinc oxide(ZnO)nanorods using zinc acetate and hexamethylenetetram...Nanoparticles are increasingly being recognized for their potential utility in biological applications including nanomedicine.Here,we have synthesized zinc oxide(ZnO)nanorods using zinc acetate and hexamethylenetetramine as precursors followed by characterizing using X-ray diffraction,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The growth of synthesized zinc oxide nanorods was found to be very close to its hexagonal nature,which is confirmed by X-ray diffraction.The nanorod was grown perpendicular to the long-axis and grew along the[001]direction,which is the nature of ZnO growth.The morphology of synthesized ZnO nanorods from the individual crystalline nucleus was confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.The length of the nanorod was estimated to be around 21 nm in diameter and 50 nm in length.Our toxicology studies showed that synthesized ZnO nanorods exposure on hela cells has no significant induction of oxidative stress or cell death even in higher concentration(10μg/ml).The results suggest that ZnO nanorods might be a safer nanomaterial for biological applications.展开更多
This article is concerned with the numerical detection of bifurcation points of nonlinear partial differential equations as some parameter of interest is varied.In particular,we study in detail the numerical approxima...This article is concerned with the numerical detection of bifurcation points of nonlinear partial differential equations as some parameter of interest is varied.In particular,we study in detail the numerical approximation of the Bratu problem,based on exploiting the symmetric version of the interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin finite element method.A framework for a posteriori control of the discretization error in the computed critical parameter value is developed based upon the application of the dual weighted residual(DWR)approach.Numerical experiments are presented to highlight the practical performance of the proposed a posteriori error estimator.展开更多
通过使用各种各样的放射性年代测定技术,可直接测定韧性剪切带的年代和计算隆起/剥露率。浅层地壳断裂发生在地壳脆性的状态下,用放射性测定法测定其年代一直存在困难(Murphy et al,1979;Kralik et al,1987;Gibbons et al,1996;Eide et ...通过使用各种各样的放射性年代测定技术,可直接测定韧性剪切带的年代和计算隆起/剥露率。浅层地壳断裂发生在地壳脆性的状态下,用放射性测定法测定其年代一直存在困难(Murphy et al,1979;Kralik et al,1987;Gibbons et al,1996;Eide et al,1997),因为浅壳断层形成时的低温环境下,不会发生通常产生在更深断层处的完整的同生矿物重新结晶。这样,旧的(碎屑的)和新近生成的(自生的)纹理细密的页硅酸盐都得以保存在浅断层带上,也因此其放射性测定的年代反映出两种矿物群的一种混合状态。同时,测定粘土矿物的年代时,^(39)Ar在中子辐射过程中发生的损耗可造成错误的老的年代数据。这里我们介绍了一种表征断层泥中的粘土的方法。该方法使用结合样品封装的X射线模拟技术;并且,我们还展示它是如何可靠地应用在近地表断层活动的年代测定上。我们检测了来自于加拿大南部落基山脉刘易斯冲断层的断层泥,确定其约为52Ma。这一结果表明,在始新世的仅仅约几百万年的时间里,北美西部的应力状态发生了从收缩向扩张的转变。我们亦估计了隆起/剥露年代及这些岩石的沉积源约为172Ma。展开更多
Organic biostimulants and organic fertilizers can improve soil health for various horticultural crops. The objectives of these experiments were to determine if biostimulants beneficially increase soil microorganism ac...Organic biostimulants and organic fertilizers can improve soil health for various horticultural crops. The objectives of these experiments were to determine if biostimulants beneficially increase soil microorganism activity in soilless medium, and additionally measure the impact of synthetic and organic fertilizers with blackstrap molasses on plant nutrient uptake nutrient runoff. It was hypothesized that the addition of biostimulants will increase soil microbe activity. Evolution of soil carbon dioxide was measured by comparing different rates (0, 15, 30, and 45 mL/3.8 L of water) of blackstrap molasses using a randomized block design with 3 replications in nursery containers. Also, a second study using St. Augustinegrass and tomatoes fertilized with organic and synthetic fertilizers was evaluated with and without a biostimulant rate (30 mL/3.8 L of water). The plants were arranged in randomized complete block design with 6 replications. Soil biostimulants did significantly increase the microorganism activity at the 0.05 level. The highest rate of blackstrap molasses improved soil biological activity over a 4-week period. Additionally, fertilizer combined with molasses did show significant increases in soil microbiology for over 5 weeks for both tomatoes and St. Augustinegrass. Molasses increased soil microbial activity but not plant nutrition. Organic fertilizer though resulted in higher levels of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur in plant tissue. Further research is being conducted to measure the influence of biostimulants on the breakdown of composting plant matter. Organic fertilizer slightly increased soil water pH but reduced nutrient load pollution based on a 7-day nutrient effluent study. Total nutrients (nitrates, P, Ca, Mg, and S) runoff was significantly less than synthetic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer reduced nutrient dumping in waste effluent. Organic fertilizers can improve nutrient use efficiency.展开更多
文摘INTRODUCTIONThe word omentum derives from the ancientEgyptians who,when embalming human bodies,used to assess their'omens'by looking at thevariations in what we recognise today as theomentum.Galen(128-199 AD)thought that therole of the omentum was to warm the intestines.This was on the basis of a gladiator who had anomental resection after a stab injury and sufferedgreatly from cold for the rest of his life.A
文摘The surgeon is invariably the primary specialist involvedin managing patients with short bowel syndrome. Becauseof this they will play an important role in co-ordinating themanagement of these patients. The principal aims at theinitial surgery are to preserve life, then to preserve gutlength, and maintain its continuity. In the immediatepostoperative period, there needs to be a balancebetween keeping the patient alive through the use of TPNand antisecretory agents and promoting gut adaptationwith the use of oral nutrition. lf the gut fails to adaptduring this period, then the patient may require therapywith more specific agents to promote gut adaptation suchas growth factors and glutamine. lf following this, thepatient still has a short gut syndrome, then the principaloptions remain either long term TPN, or intestinaltransplantation which remains a difficult and challengingprocedure with a high mortality and morbidity due torejection.
文摘A new search for two-neutrino double-beta(2νββ)decay of^(136)Xe to the 0+1 excited state of 136Ba is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset.A deep learning-based convolutional neural network is used to discriminate signal from background events.Signal detection efficiency is increased relative to previous searches by EXO-200 by more than a factor of two.With the addition of the Phase II dataset taken with an upgraded detector,the median 90%confidence level half-life sensitivity of 2νββdecay to the 0+1 state of 136Ba is 2.9×10^(24)yr using a total^(136)Xe exposure of 234.1 kg yr.No statistically significant evidence for 2νββdecay to the 0^(+)_(1)state is observed,leading to a lower limit of T2ν1/2(0^(+)→0^(+)_(1))>1.4×10^(24)yr at 90%confidence level,improved by 70%relative to the current world's best constraint.
基金supported by the CCI Research Foundation[CCI OGMB220365,2022]and East Tennessee State University College of Nursing.
文摘目的员工的工作投入、工作满意度、护理质量和离职意愿是医疗卫生机构绩效的关键指标。本研究旨在调查美国护士工作投入现状及关联因素,分析护士工作投入、工作满意度、感知护理质量和离职意愿之间的关系。方法采用横断面描述性研究设计。2022年3—9月,通过在线方式对美国注册护士进行调查。采用Utrecht工作投入量表(Utrecht Work Engagement Scale)测量护士工作投入状况,收集护士的一般资料,通过问题询问方式调查他们的工作满意度、感知护理质量和离职意愿。结果共有900名护士参与调查。其中,79.2%报告持有专业认证资格,59.4%在工作满意度方面得分较高或非常高,82.2%报告感知护理质量较高或非常高,但有28.4%的人表示在接下来的一年里可能或非常可能离职。护士的工作投入水平受到护士工作满意度、感知护理质量和离职意愿的影响。工作满意度高、感知护理质量高以及离职意愿更低的护士表现出更高水平的工作投入。线性回归分析显示,年龄较大、白种人并获得博士学位的护士与其同行相比,表现出更高水平的工作投入。结论本研究表明,护士的工作投入与其工作满意度、感知护理质量和离职意愿存在关联。护士的工作投入与工作满意度明显关联,护理管理者需要采取积极措施提高护士的工作满意度和留任率。
基金the Department of Ecology&Evolutionary Biology and the University of Tennessee,Knoxville(UTK)for providing research funding and spacefinancial support to R.M.Goodman during this project(also the Biology Division Science Alliance Award and UTK Yates Dissertation Fellowship).
文摘Geographic patterns in body size are often associated with latitude,elevation,or environmental and climatic variables.This study investigated patterns of body size and cell size of the green anole lizard,Anolis carolinensis,and potential associations with geography or climatic variables.Lizards were sampled from 19 populations across the native range,and body size,red blood cell size and size and number of muscle cells were measured.Climatic data from local weather stations and latitude and longitude were entered into model selection with Akaike’s information criterion to explain patterns in cell and body sizes.Climatic variables did not drive any major patterns in cell size or body size;rather,latitude and longitude were the best predictors of cell and body size.In general,smaller body and cell sizes in Florida anoles drove geographic patterns in A.carolinensis.Small size in Florida may be attributable to�q�the�geological history of the peninsular state or�the�unique ecological factors in this area,including a recently introduced congener.In contrast to previous studies,we found that A.carolinensis does not follow Bergmann’s rule when the influence of Florida is excluded.Rather,the opposite pattern of larger lizards in southern populations is evident in the absence of Florida populations,and mirrors the general pattern in squamates.Muscle cell size was negatively related to latitude and red blood cell size showed no latitudinal trend outside of Florida.Different patterns in the sizes of the 2 cell types confirm the importance of examining multiple cell types when studying geographic variation in cell size.
基金supported by NASA funding NNX08BA47ANCC-1-02038+1 种基金NIH-1P20MD001822-1NSF(RISE)HRD-0734846
文摘Nanoparticles are increasingly being recognized for their potential utility in biological applications including nanomedicine.Here,we have synthesized zinc oxide(ZnO)nanorods using zinc acetate and hexamethylenetetramine as precursors followed by characterizing using X-ray diffraction,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The growth of synthesized zinc oxide nanorods was found to be very close to its hexagonal nature,which is confirmed by X-ray diffraction.The nanorod was grown perpendicular to the long-axis and grew along the[001]direction,which is the nature of ZnO growth.The morphology of synthesized ZnO nanorods from the individual crystalline nucleus was confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.The length of the nanorod was estimated to be around 21 nm in diameter and 50 nm in length.Our toxicology studies showed that synthesized ZnO nanorods exposure on hela cells has no significant induction of oxidative stress or cell death even in higher concentration(10μg/ml).The results suggest that ZnO nanorods might be a safer nanomaterial for biological applications.
基金the financial support of the EPSRC under the grant EP/E013724the support of the EPSRC under the grant EP/F01340X.
文摘This article is concerned with the numerical detection of bifurcation points of nonlinear partial differential equations as some parameter of interest is varied.In particular,we study in detail the numerical approximation of the Bratu problem,based on exploiting the symmetric version of the interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin finite element method.A framework for a posteriori control of the discretization error in the computed critical parameter value is developed based upon the application of the dual weighted residual(DWR)approach.Numerical experiments are presented to highlight the practical performance of the proposed a posteriori error estimator.
文摘通过使用各种各样的放射性年代测定技术,可直接测定韧性剪切带的年代和计算隆起/剥露率。浅层地壳断裂发生在地壳脆性的状态下,用放射性测定法测定其年代一直存在困难(Murphy et al,1979;Kralik et al,1987;Gibbons et al,1996;Eide et al,1997),因为浅壳断层形成时的低温环境下,不会发生通常产生在更深断层处的完整的同生矿物重新结晶。这样,旧的(碎屑的)和新近生成的(自生的)纹理细密的页硅酸盐都得以保存在浅断层带上,也因此其放射性测定的年代反映出两种矿物群的一种混合状态。同时,测定粘土矿物的年代时,^(39)Ar在中子辐射过程中发生的损耗可造成错误的老的年代数据。这里我们介绍了一种表征断层泥中的粘土的方法。该方法使用结合样品封装的X射线模拟技术;并且,我们还展示它是如何可靠地应用在近地表断层活动的年代测定上。我们检测了来自于加拿大南部落基山脉刘易斯冲断层的断层泥,确定其约为52Ma。这一结果表明,在始新世的仅仅约几百万年的时间里,北美西部的应力状态发生了从收缩向扩张的转变。我们亦估计了隆起/剥露年代及这些岩石的沉积源约为172Ma。
文摘Organic biostimulants and organic fertilizers can improve soil health for various horticultural crops. The objectives of these experiments were to determine if biostimulants beneficially increase soil microorganism activity in soilless medium, and additionally measure the impact of synthetic and organic fertilizers with blackstrap molasses on plant nutrient uptake nutrient runoff. It was hypothesized that the addition of biostimulants will increase soil microbe activity. Evolution of soil carbon dioxide was measured by comparing different rates (0, 15, 30, and 45 mL/3.8 L of water) of blackstrap molasses using a randomized block design with 3 replications in nursery containers. Also, a second study using St. Augustinegrass and tomatoes fertilized with organic and synthetic fertilizers was evaluated with and without a biostimulant rate (30 mL/3.8 L of water). The plants were arranged in randomized complete block design with 6 replications. Soil biostimulants did significantly increase the microorganism activity at the 0.05 level. The highest rate of blackstrap molasses improved soil biological activity over a 4-week period. Additionally, fertilizer combined with molasses did show significant increases in soil microbiology for over 5 weeks for both tomatoes and St. Augustinegrass. Molasses increased soil microbial activity but not plant nutrition. Organic fertilizer though resulted in higher levels of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur in plant tissue. Further research is being conducted to measure the influence of biostimulants on the breakdown of composting plant matter. Organic fertilizer slightly increased soil water pH but reduced nutrient load pollution based on a 7-day nutrient effluent study. Total nutrients (nitrates, P, Ca, Mg, and S) runoff was significantly less than synthetic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer reduced nutrient dumping in waste effluent. Organic fertilizers can improve nutrient use efficiency.
