Endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress occurs upon the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins, and induces adaptive mechanisms, termed the unfolded protein response （UPR）, aimed at resolving ER stress and hence...Endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress occurs upon the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins, and induces adaptive mechanisms, termed the unfolded protein response （UPR）, aimed at resolving ER stress and hence preventing potentially dysfunctional proteins from impairing proper cell fimction [1]. The UPR in general is an evolutionary highly conserved mechanism, with one branch in particular （the IRE 1-XBP 1 axis） conserved from yeast to metazoans including man.展开更多
Introduction: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the basis of most combination chemotherapies for gastrointestinal tumors. It is generally well tolerated, but side-effects might require dose-adjustment. As adverse events are no...Introduction: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the basis of most combination chemotherapies for gastrointestinal tumors. It is generally well tolerated, but side-effects might require dose-adjustment. As adverse events are not specific to the 5-FU component of the chemotherapy-combination, i.e. neutropenia, diarrhea or cardiotoxicity, the knowledge of 5-FU serum levels might help to attribute these side effects to the 5-FU compound. The optimal concentration-range (AUC, area under the curve) has been described to be within 20-25 mgh/l. The aim of this study was to analyse the intra- and interindividual variability of 5-FU AUC-levels in patients with 5-FU infusion therapy. Methods: 230 blood samples were obtained from 31 different gastrointestinal cancer patients (esophagus (8), stomach (10), ileum (1), colorectum (12)) treated with 5-FU-infusional regimes, based on a 24- or 48-hour AIO treatment-schedule. 5-FU plasma concentrations were measured using an immunolinked Elisa assay (Saladax 5-FU PCMTM). Intra- and interindividual differences were analysed before (0 h;n = 115), at 2 - 3 hours after the start of infusional 5-FU treatment (n = 19) (early sampling) and towards the end of the infusion (n = 96) (late sampling). Results: Early blood sampling resulted in low 5-FU plasma concentrations (541 ± 127 g/ml) due to saline prefilling (2 - 3 ml) of the Baxter pump. Blood sampling at the later time-point resulted in reproducible values (971 ± 81 ng/ml). 5-FU concentrations were dose-dependent with low intra- and interindividual variability. However, care has to be taken, as the results can be influenced by inaccurate blood sampling: too early or late sampling (when the folfusor-pump is empty), delayed centrifugation of the tube or hemolysis. Conclusions: With critical analysis of the measurements and correct performance of blood sampling, the measurement of 5-FU plasma concentrations with the immunoassay may in the future allow to optimize 5-FU dosing and to identify the cause of toxicity. Changes of 5-FU clearance in long展开更多
Inflammatory Bowel Disease （IBD） is a dysregulated response of the im- mune system associated with intestinal tissues to the commensal microbiota in a genetically susceptible host. The understanding of the genetic b...Inflammatory Bowel Disease （IBD） is a dysregulated response of the im- mune system associated with intestinal tissues to the commensal microbiota in a genetically susceptible host. The understanding of the genetic basis of IBD has been significantly expanded with the advent of genome-wide association studies （GWAS） which has resulted in the identification of more than 30 loci that are associated with Crohn＇s disease （CD） and ulcerative colitis （UC）.展开更多
Background: It is unclear whether post-operative errors after toric intraocular lens implantation would be more amenable to pre-operative correction with a fixed adjustment or a correction ratio that scales with the m...Background: It is unclear whether post-operative errors after toric intraocular lens implantation would be more amenable to pre-operative correction with a fixed adjustment or a correction ratio that scales with the magnitude of pre-operative astigmatism. Purpose: To investigate the effect of pre-operative anterior corneal astigmatism orientation on outcomes of toric intraocular lens implantation in a large population. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 625 patients undergoing refractive lens exchange through a superior clear corneal incision with Oculentis M-Plus toric intraocular lens implantation at an Optical Express, Inc. located in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Patients were stratified by axis of astigmatism on automated keratometry as with-the-rule, against-the-rule, or oblique. Analysis of visual acuity and refractive outcomes was performed using American National Standards Institute (ANSI) guidelines on astigmatic corrections with non-vector as well as vector analyses. Analysis was limited to one eye per patient. Results: Patients who had with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism, compared with oblique and against-the-rule (ATR), had higher vector magnitudes of surgically induced refractive correction (2.89D, 2.55D, 2.42D;p Conclusions: Refractive lens exchange surgery using toric intraocular lenses overcorrected patients who had with-the-rule astigmatism. Degree of overcorrection did not vary with severity of pre-operative astigmatism. Incorporation of axis of astigmatism in lens selection and reduction of astigmatic correction among with-the-rule patients by an absolute value of 0.25D - 0.35D, rather than proportional adjustments, may reduce cylindrical over-correction.展开更多
This paper introduces an advanced method based on remote sensing and Geographic Information System for urban open space extraction combining spectral and geometric characteristics. From both semantic and remote sensin...This paper introduces an advanced method based on remote sensing and Geographic Information System for urban open space extraction combining spectral and geometric characteristics. From both semantic and remote sensing perspectives, a hybrid hierarchy structure and class organization of open space are issues and mapped from one to another. Based on per-pixel and segmentation mechanism separately, two classification approaches are performed. Owing to prior of spatial aggregation and spectral contribution, the segmentation-based classification exhibits its superiority over a pixel-based classification. Finally a GIS-based post procedure is hired to eliminate some unsuitable open space components in both spatial and numerical constraints on the one hand, and separate open space some fabrics from fused remote sensing classes by defining their Shape Index on the other hand. The case study of Beer Sheva based on ASTER data proves this method is a feasible way for open space extraction.展开更多
Purpose: To evaluate the use of releasable sutures in filtration surgery by comparing the results and the rate of post-operative complications in eyes which underwent filtration surgery with and without releasable sut...Purpose: To evaluate the use of releasable sutures in filtration surgery by comparing the results and the rate of post-operative complications in eyes which underwent filtration surgery with and without releasable sutures. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 74 eyes with glaucoma (COAG, CNAG, PXFG) of 74 patients who underwent filtration surgery in our department during 1999. All the patients included in the study had 6-12展开更多
Collagenomas are considered to be connective tissue nevi composed predominantly of collagen. Collagenomas have been classified into 4 different entities: familial cutaneous collagenoma, the Shagreen patch of tuberous ...Collagenomas are considered to be connective tissue nevi composed predominantly of collagen. Collagenomas have been classified into 4 different entities: familial cutaneous collagenoma, the Shagreen patch of tuberous sclerosis, eruptive collagenoma, and other isolated collagenomas. We describe a patient with multiple collagenomas that appeared and multiplied during gestation and discuss the reported cases of collagenomas that have been linked to pregnancy.展开更多
文摘Endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress occurs upon the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins, and induces adaptive mechanisms, termed the unfolded protein response （UPR）, aimed at resolving ER stress and hence preventing potentially dysfunctional proteins from impairing proper cell fimction [1]. The UPR in general is an evolutionary highly conserved mechanism, with one branch in particular （the IRE 1-XBP 1 axis） conserved from yeast to metazoans including man.
文摘Introduction: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the basis of most combination chemotherapies for gastrointestinal tumors. It is generally well tolerated, but side-effects might require dose-adjustment. As adverse events are not specific to the 5-FU component of the chemotherapy-combination, i.e. neutropenia, diarrhea or cardiotoxicity, the knowledge of 5-FU serum levels might help to attribute these side effects to the 5-FU compound. The optimal concentration-range (AUC, area under the curve) has been described to be within 20-25 mgh/l. The aim of this study was to analyse the intra- and interindividual variability of 5-FU AUC-levels in patients with 5-FU infusion therapy. Methods: 230 blood samples were obtained from 31 different gastrointestinal cancer patients (esophagus (8), stomach (10), ileum (1), colorectum (12)) treated with 5-FU-infusional regimes, based on a 24- or 48-hour AIO treatment-schedule. 5-FU plasma concentrations were measured using an immunolinked Elisa assay (Saladax 5-FU PCMTM). Intra- and interindividual differences were analysed before (0 h;n = 115), at 2 - 3 hours after the start of infusional 5-FU treatment (n = 19) (early sampling) and towards the end of the infusion (n = 96) (late sampling). Results: Early blood sampling resulted in low 5-FU plasma concentrations (541 ± 127 g/ml) due to saline prefilling (2 - 3 ml) of the Baxter pump. Blood sampling at the later time-point resulted in reproducible values (971 ± 81 ng/ml). 5-FU concentrations were dose-dependent with low intra- and interindividual variability. However, care has to be taken, as the results can be influenced by inaccurate blood sampling: too early or late sampling (when the folfusor-pump is empty), delayed centrifugation of the tube or hemolysis. Conclusions: With critical analysis of the measurements and correct performance of blood sampling, the measurement of 5-FU plasma concentrations with the immunoassay may in the future allow to optimize 5-FU dosing and to identify the cause of toxicity. Changes of 5-FU clearance in long
文摘Inflammatory Bowel Disease （IBD） is a dysregulated response of the im- mune system associated with intestinal tissues to the commensal microbiota in a genetically susceptible host. The understanding of the genetic basis of IBD has been significantly expanded with the advent of genome-wide association studies （GWAS） which has resulted in the identification of more than 30 loci that are associated with Crohn＇s disease （CD） and ulcerative colitis （UC）.
文摘Background: It is unclear whether post-operative errors after toric intraocular lens implantation would be more amenable to pre-operative correction with a fixed adjustment or a correction ratio that scales with the magnitude of pre-operative astigmatism. Purpose: To investigate the effect of pre-operative anterior corneal astigmatism orientation on outcomes of toric intraocular lens implantation in a large population. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 625 patients undergoing refractive lens exchange through a superior clear corneal incision with Oculentis M-Plus toric intraocular lens implantation at an Optical Express, Inc. located in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Patients were stratified by axis of astigmatism on automated keratometry as with-the-rule, against-the-rule, or oblique. Analysis of visual acuity and refractive outcomes was performed using American National Standards Institute (ANSI) guidelines on astigmatic corrections with non-vector as well as vector analyses. Analysis was limited to one eye per patient. Results: Patients who had with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism, compared with oblique and against-the-rule (ATR), had higher vector magnitudes of surgically induced refractive correction (2.89D, 2.55D, 2.42D;p Conclusions: Refractive lens exchange surgery using toric intraocular lenses overcorrected patients who had with-the-rule astigmatism. Degree of overcorrection did not vary with severity of pre-operative astigmatism. Incorporation of axis of astigmatism in lens selection and reduction of astigmatic correction among with-the-rule patients by an absolute value of 0.25D - 0.35D, rather than proportional adjustments, may reduce cylindrical over-correction.
文摘This paper introduces an advanced method based on remote sensing and Geographic Information System for urban open space extraction combining spectral and geometric characteristics. From both semantic and remote sensing perspectives, a hybrid hierarchy structure and class organization of open space are issues and mapped from one to another. Based on per-pixel and segmentation mechanism separately, two classification approaches are performed. Owing to prior of spatial aggregation and spectral contribution, the segmentation-based classification exhibits its superiority over a pixel-based classification. Finally a GIS-based post procedure is hired to eliminate some unsuitable open space components in both spatial and numerical constraints on the one hand, and separate open space some fabrics from fused remote sensing classes by defining their Shape Index on the other hand. The case study of Beer Sheva based on ASTER data proves this method is a feasible way for open space extraction.
文摘Purpose: To evaluate the use of releasable sutures in filtration surgery by comparing the results and the rate of post-operative complications in eyes which underwent filtration surgery with and without releasable sutures. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 74 eyes with glaucoma (COAG, CNAG, PXFG) of 74 patients who underwent filtration surgery in our department during 1999. All the patients included in the study had 6-12
文摘Collagenomas are considered to be connective tissue nevi composed predominantly of collagen. Collagenomas have been classified into 4 different entities: familial cutaneous collagenoma, the Shagreen patch of tuberous sclerosis, eruptive collagenoma, and other isolated collagenomas. We describe a patient with multiple collagenomas that appeared and multiplied during gestation and discuss the reported cases of collagenomas that have been linked to pregnancy.
