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结核病和隐性结核感染的治疗进展

Update on the Treatment of Tuberculosis and Latent Tuberculosis Infection
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摘要 结核病(tuberculosis,TB)已成为威胁全球公共健康的传染病。在美国,尽管从1992年起病例数即已在降低。但TB在某些病人群体中依然是一个严重的公共卫生问题,并且在很多都市地区高度流行。对药物敏感TB,以利福平为基础的治疗方案最短疗程是6~9个月。制定一套正确的用药方案。并确保治疗的实施。是公共卫生机构或临床医生而非病人的责任。TB初始治疗处方通常包括4种药物:异烟肼、利福平吡嗪酰胺、乙胺丁醇。将药物直接发给病人,并且看着他(她)吞下抗TB药。此即所谓直接督导治疗,应向所有确诊TB的病人推荐这种作法。它有助于确保较高的全程治疗率。防止耐药TB的发生。增强对TB的控制。为了减少TB危险源。作为一项TB控制策略。美国重新重视了隐性TB感染的治疗。两大类人应进行隐性TB感染检查:近期有被感染可能的人(比如接触过TB病例的人)以及感染结核分枝杆菌后有进展为TB高危因素的人(如人类免疫缺陷病毒感染和选择性药物治疗者;新近从TB高发国家移民到美国者)。隐性TB感染的首选治疗方案是服用9个月的异烟肼。治疗TB和隐性TB感染新药的开发现在亦重新引起人们的关注。这也是临床的迫切需要。
出处 《美国医学会杂志(中文版)》 2006年第3期170-177,共8页 The Journal of the American Medical Association(Chinese Edition)
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