AIM:To investigate the role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a nested case-control study was performed to study the relationship between HBV DNA level and ri...AIM:To investigate the role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a nested case-control study was performed to study the relationship between HBV DNA level and risk of HCC. METHODS:One hundred and seventy cases of HCC and 276 control subjects free of HCC and cirrhosis were selected for this study. Serum HBV DNA level was measured using fluorescein quantitative polymerase chain reaction at study entry and the last visit. RESULTS:In a binary unconditional logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and family history of chronic liver diseases, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of HCC in patients with increasing HBV DNA level were 2.834 (1.237-6.492), 48.403 (14.392-162.789), 42.252 (14.784-120.750), and 14.819 (6.992-31.411) for HBV DNA levels ≥ 104 to < 105; ≥ 105 to < 106; ≥ 106 to < 107; ≥ 107 copies/mL, respectively. Forty-six HCC cases were selected to compare the serums viral loads of HBV DNA at study entry with those at the last visit. The HBV DNA levels measured at the two time points did not differ significantly.CONCLUSION:The findings of this study provide strong longitudinal evidence of an increased risk of HCC associated with persistent elevation of serum HBV DNA level in the 104-107 range.展开更多
AIM: To investigate if sleep deprivation is able to increase the expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa and its possible role in mucosal defense. METHODS: Rats for sleep disruption were placed...AIM: To investigate if sleep deprivation is able to increase the expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa and its possible role in mucosal defense. METHODS: Rats for sleep disruption were placed inside a computerized rotating drum, gastric mucosa was taken from rats with 1, 3 and 7d sleep deprivation. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of heat shock protein 70. Ethanol (500mL.L(-1), i.g.) was used to induce gastric mucosa damage. RESULTS: RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunostaining confirmed that the sleep deprivation as a stress resulted in significantly greater expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa of rats. After the 500mL.L(-1) ethanol challenge, the ulcer area found in the rats with 7d sleep deprivation (19.15 +/- 4.2)mm(2) was significantly lower (P【0.01) than the corresponding control (53.7 +/- 8.1) mm(2). CONCLUSION: Sleep deprivation as a stress, in addition to lowering the gastric mucosal barrier, is able to stimulate the expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa of rats, the heat shock protein 70 may play an important role in gastric mucosal protection.展开更多
AIM: To prepare chitosan-polyaspartic acid-5-fluorouracil (CTS-Pasp-5Fu) nanoparticles and investigate its anti-carcinoma effect and toxicity. METHODS: CTS-Pasp-5Fu nanoparticles were synthesized by ionic gelatificati...AIM: To prepare chitosan-polyaspartic acid-5-fluorouracil (CTS-Pasp-5Fu) nanoparticles and investigate its anti-carcinoma effect and toxicity. METHODS: CTS-Pasp-5Fu nanoparticles were synthesized by ionic gelatification. Male BABL/c nude mice were injected with SGC-7901 gastric carcinoma cell line mass to establish a human gastric carcinoma model. They were randomly allocated into 4 groups: CTS-Pasp-5Fu (containing 5-Fu 1.25 mg/kg), 5-Fu (1.25 mg/kg), CTS-Pasp and normal saline groups. Tumor weight was measured and assay of colony forming unit-granulocyte and macrophage (CFU-GM) was performed. The structural change of cells and tissues was observed and the Bax and Bcl-2 genes were detected. RESULTS: Compared with normal saline, the inhibition rates of tumor growth for the CTS-Pasp, 5-Fu and CTS-Pasp-5Fu groups were 5.58%, 58.69% and 70.82%, respectively. The tumor inhibition rates for the CTS-Pasp, 5-Fu and CTS-Pasp-5Fu groups were 5.09%, 65.3% and 72.79%, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the number of CFU-GMformation and increase of total bilirubin, and alanine aminotransferase in the 5-Fu group, but no change in those of the other three groups. There was no change in white blood cell count and creatinine among the four groups. Pathological section of liver and nephridial tissues showed that the damage in the 5-Fu group was more severe than that in the CTS-Pasp-5Fu group. 5-Fu and CTS-Pasp-5Fu groups could both down-regulate the Bcl-2 expression and up-regulate the Bax expression to different extent, and the accommodate effect of CTS-Pasp-5Fu was more obvious than 5-Fu. CONCLUSION: The tumor inhibition rate of CTS-Pasp-5Fu nanoparticles is much higher than that of 5-Fu alone.展开更多
Genotyping is conclusive for the diagnosis of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3(PFIC3). Here we report a Chinese patient of PFIC3 with compound mutations in the ABCB4 gene. Liver biopsy was performe...Genotyping is conclusive for the diagnosis of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3(PFIC3). Here we report a Chinese patient of PFIC3 with compound mutations in the ABCB4 gene. Liver biopsy was performed on a 17-year-old male patient with intrahepatic cholestasis of unknown etiology. Liver histology findings are indicative of intrahepatic cholestasis with extensive fibrosis. Genotyping revealed c.175C>T(p.L59L) mutation in exon 4, c.504C>T(p.N168N) mutation in exon 6, c.711A>T(p.I237I) mutation in exon 8, c.874A>T(p.K292X) in exon 9 and a novel mutation, c.1804G>T(p.G602W) in exon 15. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with PFIC3. The novel mutation p.G602 W in exon 15 was predicted as probably damaging by Poly Phen-2 with a score of 0.986(sensitivity: 0.54; specificity: 0.94) and was predicted to affect protein function with a SIFT score of 0.01.展开更多
Intrahepatic arterioportal fistula(IAPF)can be caused by many secondary factors.We report four cases of portal hypertension that were eventually determined to be caused by congenital hepatic arterioportal fistula.The ...Intrahepatic arterioportal fistula(IAPF)can be caused by many secondary factors.We report four cases of portal hypertension that were eventually determined to be caused by congenital hepatic arterioportal fistula.The clinical manifestations included ascites,variceal hemorrhage and hepatic encephalopathy.Computed tomography scans from all of the patients revealed the early enhancement of the portal branches in the hepatic arterial phase.All patients were diagnosed using digital subtraction angiography(DSA).DSA before embolization revealed an arteriovenous fistula with immediate filling of the portal venous radicles.All four patients were treated with interventional embolization.The four patients remained in good condition throughout follow-up and at the time of publication.IAPF is frequently misdiagnosed due to its rarity;therefore,clinicians should consider IAPF as a potential cause of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.展开更多
BACKGROUND The diagnostic and economic value of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)and CA72-4 for gastrointestinal malignant tumors lacked evaluation in a larger scale.AIM To reassess the d...BACKGROUND The diagnostic and economic value of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)and CA72-4 for gastrointestinal malignant tumors lacked evaluation in a larger scale.AIM To reassess the diagnostic and economic value of the three tumor biomarkers.METHODS A retrospective analysis of all 32857 subjects who underwent CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4,gastroscopy and colonoscopy from October 2006 to May 2018 was conducted.Then,we assessed the discrimination and clinical usefulness.Total cost,cost per capita and cost-effectiveness ratios were used to evaluate the economic value of two schemes(gastrointestinal endoscopy for all people without blood tests vs both gastroscopy and colonoscopy when blood tests were positive).RESULTS The analysis of 32857 subjects showed that CEA was a qualified biomarker for colorectal cancer(CRC),while the diagnostic efficiencies of CA72-4 were catastrophic for all gastrointestinal cancers(GICs).Regarding early diagnosis,only CEA could be used for early CRC.The combination of biomarkers didn’t greatly increase the area under the curve.The economic indicators of CEA were superior to those of CA19-9,CA72-4 and any combination.At the threshold of 1.8μg/L to 10.4μg/L,all four indicators of CEA were lower than those in the scheme that conducted gastrointestinal endoscopy only.Subgroup analysis implied that the health checkup of CEA for people above 65 years old was economically valuable.CONCLUSION CEA had qualified diagnostic value for CRC and superior economic value for GICs,especially for elderly health checkup subjects.CA72-4 was not suitable as a diagnostic biomarker.展开更多
To improve the dust removal performance of the wet electrostatic precipitator(WESP), a flow field optimization scheme was proposed via CFD simulation in different scales. The simplified models of perforated and collec...To improve the dust removal performance of the wet electrostatic precipitator(WESP), a flow field optimization scheme was proposed via CFD simulation in different scales. The simplified models of perforated and collection plates were determined firstly. Then the model parameters for the resistance of perforated and collection plates, obtained by small-scale flow simulation, were validated by medium-scale experiments. Through the comparison of the resistance and velocity distribution between simulation results and experimental data, the simplified model is proved to present the resistance characteristics of perforated and collection plates accurately. Numerical results show that after optimization, both the flow rate and the pressure drop in the upper room of electric field regions are basically equivalent to those of the lower room, and the velocity distribution in flue inlet of WESP becomes more uniform. Through the application in practice, the effectiveness and reliability of the optimization scheme are proved, which can provide valuable reference for further optimization of WESP.展开更多
Nowadays,pyogenic liver abscess(PLA)is still a common and severe intra-abdominal infection,and Klebsiella pneumoniae had emerged as the most common pathogenic bacteria worldwide in the past ten years.Our study aims to...Nowadays,pyogenic liver abscess(PLA)is still a common and severe intra-abdominal infection,and Klebsiella pneumoniae had emerged as the most common pathogenic bacteria worldwide in the past ten years.Our study aims to achieve an early pathogenic diagnosis and rational therapy modality for Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess(KLA)through clinical data analysis.A total of 197 inpatients in Zhongshan Hospital,Shanghai,diagnosed as having liver abscess between March 2001 and September 2009 were enrolled.Patients with monomicrobial infection were divided into two groups:patients with K.pneumoniae liver abscess(KLA group,n=106)and those with non-Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess(NKLA group,n=56).A retrospective analysis was made between these two groups on the aspects of underlying diseases,clinical characteristics,laboratory data,culture results,and imaging findings.To evaluate the effects of different medical interventions,monomicrobial KLA patients were further divided into four subgroups(percutaneous liver aspiration,aspiration plus antibiotics flushing,aspiration plus retained catheter,and aspiration plus antibiotics flushing and retained catheter),and corresponding therapeutic effects were analyzed.KLA was more likely to occur in patients with coexisting diseases such as diabetes mellitus(53.77%vs 25.00%,P=0.001)and hepatic adipose infiltration(16.04%vs 5.36%,P=0.029).Compared to NKLA group,clinical characteristics including abdominal pain(40.57%vs 57.14%,P=0.044),hypodynamia(19.81%vs 46.43%,P=0.001),and hepatomegaly(4.72%vs 14.29%,P=0.033)were much milder,but with a higher fasting blood glucose level(7.84±0.36 vs 5.76±0.30,P=0.001)on admission in KLA group.In addition,KLA abscess often appeared singly in the right lobe of the liver with gas forming nature(32.88%vs 13.51%,P=0.039),unsmooth rim(71.23%vs 40.54%,P=0.002),and dynamic septum enhancement(41.10%vs 16.22%,P=0.009).Compared to mono aspiration subgroup,additional antibiotic flushing could not further improve clinical outcomes of KLA patients(P>0.05);how展开更多
A nonlocal coupled Kadomtsev–Petviashivili(ncKP) system with shifted parity(P_(s)^(x)) and delayed time reversal(T_(d)) symmetries is generated from the local coupled Kadomtsev–Petviashivili(cKP) system. By introduc...A nonlocal coupled Kadomtsev–Petviashivili(ncKP) system with shifted parity(P_(s)^(x)) and delayed time reversal(T_(d)) symmetries is generated from the local coupled Kadomtsev–Petviashivili(cKP) system. By introducing new dependent variables which have determined parities under the action of P_(s)^(x)T_(d)^(d), the ncKP is transformed to a local system. Through this way, multiple even number of soliton solutions of the ncKPI system are generated from N-soliton solutions of the c KP system, which become breathers by choosing appropriate parameters. The standard Lie symmetry method is also applied on the ncKPII system to get its symmetry reduction solutions.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether the regulation of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and AQP9 induced by Auphen and dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) inhibits hepatic tumorigenesis.METHODS: Expression of AQP3 and AQP9 was detected by Western blot,...AIM: To investigate whether the regulation of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and AQP9 induced by Auphen and dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) inhibits hepatic tumorigenesis.METHODS: Expression of AQP3 and AQP9 was detected by Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and RT-PCR in HCC samples and paired non-cancerous liver tissue samples from 30 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. A xenograft tumor model was used in vivo. Nine nude mice were divided into control, Auphen-treated, and dbcAMP-treated groups (n = 3 for each group). AQP3 and AQP9 protein expression after induction of xenograft tumors was detected by IHC and mRNA by RT-PCR analysis. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay and histological evaluation were used to detect apoptosis of tumor cells, and the concentration of serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) was measured using RT-PCR and an ELISA kit.RESULTS: The volumes and weights of tumors decreased significantly in the Auphen- and dbcAMP-treated mice compared with the control mice (P < 0.01). The levels of AQP3 were significantly lower in the Auphen treatment group, and levels of AQP9 were significantly higher in thedbcAMP treatment mice than in the control mice (P < 0.01). The reduction of AQP3 by Auphen and increase of AQP9 by dbcAMP in nude mice suppressed tumor growth of HCC, which resulted in reduced AFP levels in serum and tissues, and apoptosis of tumor cells in the Auphen- and dbcAMP-treated mice, when compared with control mice (P < 0.01). Compared with para-carcinoma tissues, AQP3 expression increased in tumor tissues whereas the expression of AQP9 decreased. By correlating clinicopathological and expression levels, we demonstrated that the expression of AQP3 and AQP9 was correlated with clinical progression of HCC and disease outcomes.CONCLUSION: AQP3 increases in HCC while AQP9 decreases. Regulation of AQP3 and AQP9 expression by Auphen and dbcAMP inhibits the development and growth of HCC.展开更多
The effects of pulsing electromagnetic fields(PEMFs)on cells are very important subjects in the field of bioelectromagnetics.In this experiment,the cytogenetic effects of PEMF on domestic pig lymphocytes were tested i...The effects of pulsing electromagnetic fields(PEMFs)on cells are very important subjects in the field of bioelectromagnetics.In this experiment,the cytogenetic effects of PEMF on domestic pig lymphocytes were tested in vitro.Pig lymphocytes in RPMI 1640 medium were exposed to PEMFs of 100 kHz and 200 kHz for 12,24 and 48 hours.Chromosomal aberrations(aneuploidy,breaks,gaps,et al)were significantly increased in exposed cultures,and of these aberrations,56%chromosomal or chromatid breaks and 42%gaps induced by PEMFs were the points of pig chromosomal fragile sites.The baseline frequency of sister chromatid exchange(SCE)increased after exposing lymphocytes continuously to PEMFs of 100 kHz and 200 kHz for 48 hours.These results suggested that the exposure to PEMFs might induce a type of DNA lesion and chromosomal aberrations.展开更多
Background Non-adhesive liquid embolic agents are increasingly gaining importance in the embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations （AVMs）. We investigated the use of poly （N-isopropylacrylamide） （PNIPA...Background Non-adhesive liquid embolic agents are increasingly gaining importance in the embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations （AVMs）. We investigated the use of poly （N-isopropylacrylamide） （PNIPAM） as a non-adhesive embolic agent in swine rete mirabile. Methods The PNIPAM hydrogel was mixed with iohexol and embolization was performed in swine rete mirabile in 30 animals. The microcatheter was examined after embolization. Follow-up angiography was performed for embolic efficacy after embolization. Embolized retia were examined histopatholgically, and the alterations of inside rete and surrounding tissue were observed. Results The copolymer hydrogel was used for rete embolization in 30 swine, 28 swine survived the procedure, 2 swine died, 1 swine died of cerebrum infarction and the other died of embolic agent reflux into the occipital artery. The inside wall of the microcatheter was smooth, without copolymer adhering to it. Follow-up angiography was performed in 22 swine, there was no rete recanalization in 20 swine and partial rete recanalization in 2 swine because of the trunk embolization of ascending pharyngeal arteries. Histopatholgically, the copolymer was found diffused into vessels of 100-- 150 μm in diameter. In acute group, neutrophils scattered surrounding the copolymer and endothelial integrity was observed, without endothelial denuding and necrosis. In subacute and chronic groups, the copolymer was found inside retia, a few mononuclear cells and eosinocytes scattered inside and surrounding it. The muscular layer was loosened with most muscular nuclei degraded. Conclusion Experimental rete embolization with PNIPAM, made radiopaque with iohexol, is technically feasible in swine. Because of its properties, PNIPAM has great potential as a therapeutic non-adhesive embolic agent.展开更多
Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the distribution of the trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla on the antennae of the diamondback moth （DBM;Plutella xylostella）. The trichoid sensilla were ...Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the distribution of the trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla on the antennae of the diamondback moth （DBM;Plutella xylostella）. The trichoid sensilla were the most abundant sensory organ, and the male moth antennae host signiifcantly more trichoid sensilla than female moth antennae. Conversely, basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were found more frequently on female than on male antennae. We performed experiments with various degrees of antennal ablation and demonstrated that DBM antennae played a key role in the control of mating and oviposition. We found that neither oviposition preference nor mating behaviors changed signiifcantly when less than 1/4 of both antennae were removed. However, there was a signiifcant behavioral change when the antennae were ablated by more than half. As the length of the antenna was shortened, the successful mating rate decreased and mating peak was delayed. An otherwise consistent host preference for oviposition was eliminated when both antennae were completely removed. Furthermore, we found that the number of trichoid sensilla was positively correlated with mating rate and oviposition preference. However, the numbers of basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were not correlated with mating rate and mating peak, but highly correlated with oviposition preference. Taken together, our results indicate that antennal sensory information plays a critical role in the mating and oviposition behaviors of this economically important pest.展开更多
A nonlocal Boussinesq equation is deduced from the local one by using consistent correlated bang method.To study various exact solutions of the nonlocal Boussinesq equation,it is converted into two local equations whi...A nonlocal Boussinesq equation is deduced from the local one by using consistent correlated bang method.To study various exact solutions of the nonlocal Boussinesq equation,it is converted into two local equations which contain the local Boussinesq equation.From the N-soliton solutions of the local Boussinesq equation,the N-soliton solutions of the nonlocal Boussinesq equation are obtained,among which the(N=2,3,4)-soliton solutions are analyzed with graphs.Some periodic and traveling solutions of the nonlocal Boussinesq equation are derived directly from the known solutions of the local Boussinesq equation.Symmetry reduction solutions of the nonlocal Boussinesq equation are also obtained by using the classical Lie symmetry method.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate anti-hepatitis B virus （HBV） activity and cytotoxicity of interferon-α, （IFN-3,） and tumor ne- crosis factor-α （TNF-α） following lamivudine treatment of HepG2.2.15 cells. METHODS： HepG2.2.1...AIM： To evaluate anti-hepatitis B virus （HBV） activity and cytotoxicity of interferon-α, （IFN-3,） and tumor ne- crosis factor-α （TNF-α） following lamivudine treatment of HepG2.2.15 cells. METHODS： HepG2.2.15 cells were treated with 2 pmol/L lamivudine for 16 d （lamivudine group）, cultured for 10 d, followed by 5 ng/ml TNF-α and 1000 U/mL IFN-γ, for 6 d （cytokine group）, or treated with 2 ~tmol/L lami- vudine for 10 d followed by 5 ng/mL TNF-α and 1000 U/mL IFN-γ, for 6 d （sequential group）, or cultured without additions for 16 d （control group）. Intracellular DNA was extracted from 3 ×10^ HepG2.2.15 cells from each group. The extracted DNA was further purified with mung bean nuclease to remove HBV relaxed circu- lar DNA that may have remained. Both HBV covalently closed circular DNA （cccDNA） and HBV DNA were exam- ined with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The titers of hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg） and hepatitis B e antigen （HBeAg） were quantified with enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay. Cell viability was measured with the cell counting kit-8 assay. RESULTS： Compared to lamivudine alone （22.63%±0.12%）, both sequential （51.50% ± 0.17%, P = 0.034） and cytokine treatment （49.66% ± 0.06%, P = 0.041） showed a stronger inhibition of HBV cccDNA; the dif- ference between the.sequential and cytokine groups was not statistically significant （51.50% ± 0.17% vs 49.66% ± 0.06%, P = 0.88）. The sequential group showed less inhibition of HBV DNA replication than the lamivudine group （67.47% ±0.02% vs 82.48% ± 0.05%, P = 0.014）; the difference between the sequen- tial and cytokine groups was not statistically significant （67.47% ± 0.02% vs 57.45% ± 0.07%, P = 0.071）. The levels of HBsAg and HBeAg were significantly de- creased in the sequential treatment group compared to the other groups [HBsAg： 3.48 ± 0.04 （control）, 3.09 ± 0.08 （lamivudine）, 2.55± 0.13 （cytokine）, 2.32 ± 0.08 （sequential）, P = 0.042 for each b展开更多
In recent years,artificial intelligence has been extensively applied in the diagnosis of gastric cancer based on medical imaging.In particular,using deep learning as one of the mainstream approaches in image processin...In recent years,artificial intelligence has been extensively applied in the diagnosis of gastric cancer based on medical imaging.In particular,using deep learning as one of the mainstream approaches in image processing has made remarkable progress.In this paper,we also provide a comprehensive literature survey using four electronic databases,PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,and Cochrane.The literature search is performed until November 2020.This article provides a summary of the existing algorithm of image recognition,reviews the available datasets used in gastric cancer diagnosis and the current trends in applications of deep learning theory in image recognition of gastric cancer.covers the theory of deep learning on endoscopic image recognition.We further evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the current algorithms and summarize the characteristics of the existing image datasets,then combined with the latest progress in deep learning theory,and propose suggestions on the applications of optimization algorithms.Based on the existing research and application,the label,quantity,size,resolutions,and other aspects of the image dataset are also discussed.The future developments of this field are analyzed from two perspectives including algorithm optimization and data support,aiming to improve the diagnosis accuracy and reduce the risk of misdiagnosis.展开更多
The residual symmetry of the generalized Kaup-Kupershmidt （KKK） equation is obtained from the truncated Painleve expansion and localized to a Lie point symmetry in a prolonged system. New symmetry reduction solution...The residual symmetry of the generalized Kaup-Kupershmidt （KKK） equation is obtained from the truncated Painleve expansion and localized to a Lie point symmetry in a prolonged system. New symmetry reduction solutions of the prolonged system are given by using the standard Lie symmetry method. Frthermore, the gKK equation is proved to integrable in the sense of owning consistent Riecati expansion and some new Bgcklund transformations are given based on this property, from which interaction solutions between soliton and periodic waves are given.展开更多
基金The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China 863 Project, No. 2006AA02Z4C5
文摘AIM:To investigate the role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a nested case-control study was performed to study the relationship between HBV DNA level and risk of HCC. METHODS:One hundred and seventy cases of HCC and 276 control subjects free of HCC and cirrhosis were selected for this study. Serum HBV DNA level was measured using fluorescein quantitative polymerase chain reaction at study entry and the last visit. RESULTS:In a binary unconditional logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and family history of chronic liver diseases, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of HCC in patients with increasing HBV DNA level were 2.834 (1.237-6.492), 48.403 (14.392-162.789), 42.252 (14.784-120.750), and 14.819 (6.992-31.411) for HBV DNA levels ≥ 104 to < 105; ≥ 105 to < 106; ≥ 106 to < 107; ≥ 107 copies/mL, respectively. Forty-six HCC cases were selected to compare the serums viral loads of HBV DNA at study entry with those at the last visit. The HBV DNA levels measured at the two time points did not differ significantly.CONCLUSION:The findings of this study provide strong longitudinal evidence of an increased risk of HCC associated with persistent elevation of serum HBV DNA level in the 104-107 range.
文摘AIM: To investigate if sleep deprivation is able to increase the expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa and its possible role in mucosal defense. METHODS: Rats for sleep disruption were placed inside a computerized rotating drum, gastric mucosa was taken from rats with 1, 3 and 7d sleep deprivation. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of heat shock protein 70. Ethanol (500mL.L(-1), i.g.) was used to induce gastric mucosa damage. RESULTS: RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunostaining confirmed that the sleep deprivation as a stress resulted in significantly greater expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa of rats. After the 500mL.L(-1) ethanol challenge, the ulcer area found in the rats with 7d sleep deprivation (19.15 +/- 4.2)mm(2) was significantly lower (P【0.01) than the corresponding control (53.7 +/- 8.1) mm(2). CONCLUSION: Sleep deprivation as a stress, in addition to lowering the gastric mucosal barrier, is able to stimulate the expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa of rats, the heat shock protein 70 may play an important role in gastric mucosal protection.
基金Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, No. 0452nm065
文摘AIM: To prepare chitosan-polyaspartic acid-5-fluorouracil (CTS-Pasp-5Fu) nanoparticles and investigate its anti-carcinoma effect and toxicity. METHODS: CTS-Pasp-5Fu nanoparticles were synthesized by ionic gelatification. Male BABL/c nude mice were injected with SGC-7901 gastric carcinoma cell line mass to establish a human gastric carcinoma model. They were randomly allocated into 4 groups: CTS-Pasp-5Fu (containing 5-Fu 1.25 mg/kg), 5-Fu (1.25 mg/kg), CTS-Pasp and normal saline groups. Tumor weight was measured and assay of colony forming unit-granulocyte and macrophage (CFU-GM) was performed. The structural change of cells and tissues was observed and the Bax and Bcl-2 genes were detected. RESULTS: Compared with normal saline, the inhibition rates of tumor growth for the CTS-Pasp, 5-Fu and CTS-Pasp-5Fu groups were 5.58%, 58.69% and 70.82%, respectively. The tumor inhibition rates for the CTS-Pasp, 5-Fu and CTS-Pasp-5Fu groups were 5.09%, 65.3% and 72.79%, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the number of CFU-GMformation and increase of total bilirubin, and alanine aminotransferase in the 5-Fu group, but no change in those of the other three groups. There was no change in white blood cell count and creatinine among the four groups. Pathological section of liver and nephridial tissues showed that the damage in the 5-Fu group was more severe than that in the CTS-Pasp-5Fu group. 5-Fu and CTS-Pasp-5Fu groups could both down-regulate the Bcl-2 expression and up-regulate the Bax expression to different extent, and the accommodate effect of CTS-Pasp-5Fu was more obvious than 5-Fu. CONCLUSION: The tumor inhibition rate of CTS-Pasp-5Fu nanoparticles is much higher than that of 5-Fu alone.
文摘Genotyping is conclusive for the diagnosis of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3(PFIC3). Here we report a Chinese patient of PFIC3 with compound mutations in the ABCB4 gene. Liver biopsy was performed on a 17-year-old male patient with intrahepatic cholestasis of unknown etiology. Liver histology findings are indicative of intrahepatic cholestasis with extensive fibrosis. Genotyping revealed c.175C>T(p.L59L) mutation in exon 4, c.504C>T(p.N168N) mutation in exon 6, c.711A>T(p.I237I) mutation in exon 8, c.874A>T(p.K292X) in exon 9 and a novel mutation, c.1804G>T(p.G602W) in exon 15. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with PFIC3. The novel mutation p.G602 W in exon 15 was predicted as probably damaging by Poly Phen-2 with a score of 0.986(sensitivity: 0.54; specificity: 0.94) and was predicted to affect protein function with a SIFT score of 0.01.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China No.81000968,No.81101540,No.81101637,No.81172273,No.81272388,No.81301820 and No.81472673Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China No.20120071110058The National Clinical Key Special Subject of China
文摘Intrahepatic arterioportal fistula(IAPF)can be caused by many secondary factors.We report four cases of portal hypertension that were eventually determined to be caused by congenital hepatic arterioportal fistula.The clinical manifestations included ascites,variceal hemorrhage and hepatic encephalopathy.Computed tomography scans from all of the patients revealed the early enhancement of the portal branches in the hepatic arterial phase.All patients were diagnosed using digital subtraction angiography(DSA).DSA before embolization revealed an arteriovenous fistula with immediate filling of the portal venous radicles.All four patients were treated with interventional embolization.The four patients remained in good condition throughout follow-up and at the time of publication.IAPF is frequently misdiagnosed due to its rarity;therefore,clinicians should consider IAPF as a potential cause of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.
基金The study was reviewed and approved by the Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Institutional Review Board(Approval No.B2018-234).
文摘BACKGROUND The diagnostic and economic value of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)and CA72-4 for gastrointestinal malignant tumors lacked evaluation in a larger scale.AIM To reassess the diagnostic and economic value of the three tumor biomarkers.METHODS A retrospective analysis of all 32857 subjects who underwent CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4,gastroscopy and colonoscopy from October 2006 to May 2018 was conducted.Then,we assessed the discrimination and clinical usefulness.Total cost,cost per capita and cost-effectiveness ratios were used to evaluate the economic value of two schemes(gastrointestinal endoscopy for all people without blood tests vs both gastroscopy and colonoscopy when blood tests were positive).RESULTS The analysis of 32857 subjects showed that CEA was a qualified biomarker for colorectal cancer(CRC),while the diagnostic efficiencies of CA72-4 were catastrophic for all gastrointestinal cancers(GICs).Regarding early diagnosis,only CEA could be used for early CRC.The combination of biomarkers didn’t greatly increase the area under the curve.The economic indicators of CEA were superior to those of CA19-9,CA72-4 and any combination.At the threshold of 1.8μg/L to 10.4μg/L,all four indicators of CEA were lower than those in the scheme that conducted gastrointestinal endoscopy only.Subgroup analysis implied that the health checkup of CEA for people above 65 years old was economically valuable.CONCLUSION CEA had qualified diagnostic value for CRC and superior economic value for GICs,especially for elderly health checkup subjects.CA72-4 was not suitable as a diagnostic biomarker.
文摘To improve the dust removal performance of the wet electrostatic precipitator(WESP), a flow field optimization scheme was proposed via CFD simulation in different scales. The simplified models of perforated and collection plates were determined firstly. Then the model parameters for the resistance of perforated and collection plates, obtained by small-scale flow simulation, were validated by medium-scale experiments. Through the comparison of the resistance and velocity distribution between simulation results and experimental data, the simplified model is proved to present the resistance characteristics of perforated and collection plates accurately. Numerical results show that after optimization, both the flow rate and the pressure drop in the upper room of electric field regions are basically equivalent to those of the lower room, and the velocity distribution in flue inlet of WESP becomes more uniform. Through the application in practice, the effectiveness and reliability of the optimization scheme are proved, which can provide valuable reference for further optimization of WESP.
文摘Nowadays,pyogenic liver abscess(PLA)is still a common and severe intra-abdominal infection,and Klebsiella pneumoniae had emerged as the most common pathogenic bacteria worldwide in the past ten years.Our study aims to achieve an early pathogenic diagnosis and rational therapy modality for Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess(KLA)through clinical data analysis.A total of 197 inpatients in Zhongshan Hospital,Shanghai,diagnosed as having liver abscess between March 2001 and September 2009 were enrolled.Patients with monomicrobial infection were divided into two groups:patients with K.pneumoniae liver abscess(KLA group,n=106)and those with non-Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess(NKLA group,n=56).A retrospective analysis was made between these two groups on the aspects of underlying diseases,clinical characteristics,laboratory data,culture results,and imaging findings.To evaluate the effects of different medical interventions,monomicrobial KLA patients were further divided into four subgroups(percutaneous liver aspiration,aspiration plus antibiotics flushing,aspiration plus retained catheter,and aspiration plus antibiotics flushing and retained catheter),and corresponding therapeutic effects were analyzed.KLA was more likely to occur in patients with coexisting diseases such as diabetes mellitus(53.77%vs 25.00%,P=0.001)and hepatic adipose infiltration(16.04%vs 5.36%,P=0.029).Compared to NKLA group,clinical characteristics including abdominal pain(40.57%vs 57.14%,P=0.044),hypodynamia(19.81%vs 46.43%,P=0.001),and hepatomegaly(4.72%vs 14.29%,P=0.033)were much milder,but with a higher fasting blood glucose level(7.84±0.36 vs 5.76±0.30,P=0.001)on admission in KLA group.In addition,KLA abscess often appeared singly in the right lobe of the liver with gas forming nature(32.88%vs 13.51%,P=0.039),unsmooth rim(71.23%vs 40.54%,P=0.002),and dynamic septum enhancement(41.10%vs 16.22%,P=0.009).Compared to mono aspiration subgroup,additional antibiotic flushing could not further improve clinical outcomes of KLA patients(P>0.05);how
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.12175148,11975156.
文摘A nonlocal coupled Kadomtsev–Petviashivili(ncKP) system with shifted parity(P_(s)^(x)) and delayed time reversal(T_(d)) symmetries is generated from the local coupled Kadomtsev–Petviashivili(cKP) system. By introducing new dependent variables which have determined parities under the action of P_(s)^(x)T_(d)^(d), the ncKP is transformed to a local system. Through this way, multiple even number of soliton solutions of the ncKPI system are generated from N-soliton solutions of the c KP system, which become breathers by choosing appropriate parameters. The standard Lie symmetry method is also applied on the ncKPII system to get its symmetry reduction solutions.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai,No.13ZR1406700 and No.13DZ1930908
文摘AIM: To investigate whether the regulation of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and AQP9 induced by Auphen and dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) inhibits hepatic tumorigenesis.METHODS: Expression of AQP3 and AQP9 was detected by Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and RT-PCR in HCC samples and paired non-cancerous liver tissue samples from 30 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. A xenograft tumor model was used in vivo. Nine nude mice were divided into control, Auphen-treated, and dbcAMP-treated groups (n = 3 for each group). AQP3 and AQP9 protein expression after induction of xenograft tumors was detected by IHC and mRNA by RT-PCR analysis. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay and histological evaluation were used to detect apoptosis of tumor cells, and the concentration of serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) was measured using RT-PCR and an ELISA kit.RESULTS: The volumes and weights of tumors decreased significantly in the Auphen- and dbcAMP-treated mice compared with the control mice (P < 0.01). The levels of AQP3 were significantly lower in the Auphen treatment group, and levels of AQP9 were significantly higher in thedbcAMP treatment mice than in the control mice (P < 0.01). The reduction of AQP3 by Auphen and increase of AQP9 by dbcAMP in nude mice suppressed tumor growth of HCC, which resulted in reduced AFP levels in serum and tissues, and apoptosis of tumor cells in the Auphen- and dbcAMP-treated mice, when compared with control mice (P < 0.01). Compared with para-carcinoma tissues, AQP3 expression increased in tumor tissues whereas the expression of AQP9 decreased. By correlating clinicopathological and expression levels, we demonstrated that the expression of AQP3 and AQP9 was correlated with clinical progression of HCC and disease outcomes.CONCLUSION: AQP3 increases in HCC while AQP9 decreases. Regulation of AQP3 and AQP9 expression by Auphen and dbcAMP inhibits the development and growth of HCC.
文摘The effects of pulsing electromagnetic fields(PEMFs)on cells are very important subjects in the field of bioelectromagnetics.In this experiment,the cytogenetic effects of PEMF on domestic pig lymphocytes were tested in vitro.Pig lymphocytes in RPMI 1640 medium were exposed to PEMFs of 100 kHz and 200 kHz for 12,24 and 48 hours.Chromosomal aberrations(aneuploidy,breaks,gaps,et al)were significantly increased in exposed cultures,and of these aberrations,56%chromosomal or chromatid breaks and 42%gaps induced by PEMFs were the points of pig chromosomal fragile sites.The baseline frequency of sister chromatid exchange(SCE)increased after exposing lymphocytes continuously to PEMFs of 100 kHz and 200 kHz for 48 hours.These results suggested that the exposure to PEMFs might induce a type of DNA lesion and chromosomal aberrations.
基金This work was supported by a grant from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, No. 2002AA326100).
文摘Background Non-adhesive liquid embolic agents are increasingly gaining importance in the embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations （AVMs）. We investigated the use of poly （N-isopropylacrylamide） （PNIPAM） as a non-adhesive embolic agent in swine rete mirabile. Methods The PNIPAM hydrogel was mixed with iohexol and embolization was performed in swine rete mirabile in 30 animals. The microcatheter was examined after embolization. Follow-up angiography was performed for embolic efficacy after embolization. Embolized retia were examined histopatholgically, and the alterations of inside rete and surrounding tissue were observed. Results The copolymer hydrogel was used for rete embolization in 30 swine, 28 swine survived the procedure, 2 swine died, 1 swine died of cerebrum infarction and the other died of embolic agent reflux into the occipital artery. The inside wall of the microcatheter was smooth, without copolymer adhering to it. Follow-up angiography was performed in 22 swine, there was no rete recanalization in 20 swine and partial rete recanalization in 2 swine because of the trunk embolization of ascending pharyngeal arteries. Histopatholgically, the copolymer was found diffused into vessels of 100-- 150 μm in diameter. In acute group, neutrophils scattered surrounding the copolymer and endothelial integrity was observed, without endothelial denuding and necrosis. In subacute and chronic groups, the copolymer was found inside retia, a few mononuclear cells and eosinocytes scattered inside and surrounding it. The muscular layer was loosened with most muscular nuclei degraded. Conclusion Experimental rete embolization with PNIPAM, made radiopaque with iohexol, is technically feasible in swine. Because of its properties, PNIPAM has great potential as a therapeutic non-adhesive embolic agent.
基金supported by the One Hundred Talents Program of Shanxi Province,China (201144)the Key Science and Technology Project of Shanxi Province,China (200903110300)
文摘Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the distribution of the trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla on the antennae of the diamondback moth （DBM;Plutella xylostella）. The trichoid sensilla were the most abundant sensory organ, and the male moth antennae host signiifcantly more trichoid sensilla than female moth antennae. Conversely, basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were found more frequently on female than on male antennae. We performed experiments with various degrees of antennal ablation and demonstrated that DBM antennae played a key role in the control of mating and oviposition. We found that neither oviposition preference nor mating behaviors changed signiifcantly when less than 1/4 of both antennae were removed. However, there was a signiifcant behavioral change when the antennae were ablated by more than half. As the length of the antenna was shortened, the successful mating rate decreased and mating peak was delayed. An otherwise consistent host preference for oviposition was eliminated when both antennae were completely removed. Furthermore, we found that the number of trichoid sensilla was positively correlated with mating rate and oviposition preference. However, the numbers of basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were not correlated with mating rate and mating peak, but highly correlated with oviposition preference. Taken together, our results indicate that antennal sensory information plays a critical role in the mating and oviposition behaviors of this economically important pest.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11975156 and 12175148)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(Grant No.LY18A050001)。
文摘A nonlocal Boussinesq equation is deduced from the local one by using consistent correlated bang method.To study various exact solutions of the nonlocal Boussinesq equation,it is converted into two local equations which contain the local Boussinesq equation.From the N-soliton solutions of the local Boussinesq equation,the N-soliton solutions of the nonlocal Boussinesq equation are obtained,among which the(N=2,3,4)-soliton solutions are analyzed with graphs.Some periodic and traveling solutions of the nonlocal Boussinesq equation are derived directly from the known solutions of the local Boussinesq equation.Symmetry reduction solutions of the nonlocal Boussinesq equation are also obtained by using the classical Lie symmetry method.
基金Supported by Zhongshan Youth Foundation of Fudan University,China,No.257
文摘AIM： To evaluate anti-hepatitis B virus （HBV） activity and cytotoxicity of interferon-α, （IFN-3,） and tumor ne- crosis factor-α （TNF-α） following lamivudine treatment of HepG2.2.15 cells. METHODS： HepG2.2.15 cells were treated with 2 pmol/L lamivudine for 16 d （lamivudine group）, cultured for 10 d, followed by 5 ng/ml TNF-α and 1000 U/mL IFN-γ, for 6 d （cytokine group）, or treated with 2 ~tmol/L lami- vudine for 10 d followed by 5 ng/mL TNF-α and 1000 U/mL IFN-γ, for 6 d （sequential group）, or cultured without additions for 16 d （control group）. Intracellular DNA was extracted from 3 ×10^ HepG2.2.15 cells from each group. The extracted DNA was further purified with mung bean nuclease to remove HBV relaxed circu- lar DNA that may have remained. Both HBV covalently closed circular DNA （cccDNA） and HBV DNA were exam- ined with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The titers of hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg） and hepatitis B e antigen （HBeAg） were quantified with enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay. Cell viability was measured with the cell counting kit-8 assay. RESULTS： Compared to lamivudine alone （22.63%±0.12%）, both sequential （51.50% ± 0.17%, P = 0.034） and cytokine treatment （49.66% ± 0.06%, P = 0.041） showed a stronger inhibition of HBV cccDNA; the dif- ference between the.sequential and cytokine groups was not statistically significant （51.50% ± 0.17% vs 49.66% ± 0.06%, P = 0.88）. The sequential group showed less inhibition of HBV DNA replication than the lamivudine group （67.47% ±0.02% vs 82.48% ± 0.05%, P = 0.014）; the difference between the sequen- tial and cytokine groups was not statistically significant （67.47% ± 0.02% vs 57.45% ± 0.07%, P = 0.071）. The levels of HBsAg and HBeAg were significantly de- creased in the sequential treatment group compared to the other groups [HBsAg： 3.48 ± 0.04 （control）, 3.09 ± 0.08 （lamivudine）, 2.55± 0.13 （cytokine）, 2.32 ± 0.08 （sequential）, P = 0.042 for each b
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81800510Shanghai Sailing Program,No.18YF1415900.
文摘In recent years,artificial intelligence has been extensively applied in the diagnosis of gastric cancer based on medical imaging.In particular,using deep learning as one of the mainstream approaches in image processing has made remarkable progress.In this paper,we also provide a comprehensive literature survey using four electronic databases,PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,and Cochrane.The literature search is performed until November 2020.This article provides a summary of the existing algorithm of image recognition,reviews the available datasets used in gastric cancer diagnosis and the current trends in applications of deep learning theory in image recognition of gastric cancer.covers the theory of deep learning on endoscopic image recognition.We further evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the current algorithms and summarize the characteristics of the existing image datasets,then combined with the latest progress in deep learning theory,and propose suggestions on the applications of optimization algorithms.Based on the existing research and application,the label,quantity,size,resolutions,and other aspects of the image dataset are also discussed.The future developments of this field are analyzed from two perspectives including algorithm optimization and data support,aiming to improve the diagnosis accuracy and reduce the risk of misdiagnosis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11405110,11275129,11472177the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China under Grant Nos.LY18A050001 and LQ13A050002
文摘The residual symmetry of the generalized Kaup-Kupershmidt （KKK） equation is obtained from the truncated Painleve expansion and localized to a Lie point symmetry in a prolonged system. New symmetry reduction solutions of the prolonged system are given by using the standard Lie symmetry method. Frthermore, the gKK equation is proved to integrable in the sense of owning consistent Riecati expansion and some new Bgcklund transformations are given based on this property, from which interaction solutions between soliton and periodic waves are given.
