BACKGROUND:Paramedic and emergency personnel may encounter directly many events that threat their own wellbeing during their daily work.This study was conducted to examine the prevalence rate of post-traumatic stress ...BACKGROUND:Paramedic and emergency personnel may encounter directly many events that threat their own wellbeing during their daily work.This study was conducted to examine the prevalence rate of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) among two groups of paramedic and emergency personnel in south-east Iran.METHODS:The study employed a descriptive design and was conducted in four hospital emergency wards and a pre-hospital emergency base supervised by Kerman Medical University.Using Mississippi PTSD,we assessed the prevalence rate in paramedics(n=150) and emergency personnel(n=250).RESULTS:The two groups had different levels of education,marital status,experience of traumatic events,work hours per month,and gender.Most(94%) of paramedic and hospital emergency personnel reported moderate PTSD.The two groups had significant different levels of PTSD in all subscale.CONCLUSION:The study suggests that health care managers should organize systematic and dynamic policies and procedures in dealing with PTSD to assist both groups of personnel.展开更多
Acute type B aortic dissection(TBAD) occurs as a result of an intimal tear within the proximal thoracic aorta. Patients are typically managed acutely with aggressive antihypertensive therapy. Surgical repair is reserv...Acute type B aortic dissection(TBAD) occurs as a result of an intimal tear within the proximal thoracic aorta. Patients are typically managed acutely with aggressive antihypertensive therapy. Surgical repair is reserved for those who develop complications such as rupture or malperfusion. The surgical management of acute TBAD has changed considerably in the last decade secondary to the advent of thoracic stent grafting. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR) has improved early mortality and morbidity rates for patients presenting with complicated TBAD. The role of TEVAR in patients presenting with acute and subacute uncomplicated TBAD is less clear. TEVAR has been associated with increased late survival and better aortic remodeling, with low perioperative morbidity in selected patients. Recent literature suggests certain radiographic criteria may be used to predict patients developing late aortic events who would benefit from early TEVAR. The purpose of this article is to review the contemporary management of acute TBAD, discuss controversies in management and evaluate the latest research findings.展开更多
In the present study, we developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of seven phenylpropanoid compounds （2-hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde, coumarin, cinnamyl al...In the present study, we developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of seven phenylpropanoid compounds （2-hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde, coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, 2-methoxy cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde and 2-methoxy cinnamaldehyde） in Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus. The levels of seven phenylpropanoid compounds in Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus were compared using this method. A total of 48 samples （27 Cinnamomi Cortex and 21 Cinnamomi Ramulus） were purchased in China and analyzed. Quantities of seven phenylpropanoid compounds ranged from 17.5 to 61.6 mg/g in Cinnamomi Cortex and ranged from 9.91 to 23.4 mg/g in Ciunamomi Ramulus. The level of 2-methoxy cinnamic acid in the Cinnamomi Cortex samples was below the LOD, whereas it ranged from 0 to 0.119 mg/g in the Cinnamomi Ramulus samples. The （cinnamyl alcohol＋cinnamic acid）/cinnamaldehyde ratios （R346） of Ciunamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus ranged from 0.0121 to 0.0467 and 0.0598 to 0.182, respectively. This ratio could be used to discriminate Cinnamomi Cortex （〈0.05） and Cinnamomi Ramulus （〉0.05）. The extraction rates （Dn） of seven compounds in boiling water were different, with the lowest dissolution for cinnamaldehyde （〈3%） and the highest for cinnamic acid （about 60%）.展开更多
Gastric cancer is generally diagnosed at an advanced stage,especially in countries without screening programs.Previously,the metastatic stage was synonymous with palliative management,and surgical indications were onl...Gastric cancer is generally diagnosed at an advanced stage,especially in countries without screening programs.Previously,the metastatic stage was synonymous with palliative management,and surgical indications were only for symptomatic relief.However,this therapeutic option is associated with poor prognosis.A subgroup of patients with limited metastatic disease could benefit from intensive treatment.A combination of chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and targeted therapy could help either maintain a resectable state for oligometastatic disease or diminish the metastasis size to obtain a complete resection configuration.This latter strategy is known as conversion therapy and has growing evidence with favorable outcomes.Oncosurgical approach of metastatic disease could prolong survival in selected patients.The challenge for the surgeon and oncologist is to identify these specific patients to offer the best multimodal management.We review in this article the actual evidence for the treatment of oligometastatic gastric cancer with curative intent.展开更多
This paper proposes a selfsimilar local neurofuzzy （SSLNF） model with mutual informati onbased input selection algorithm for the shortterm electricity demand forecasting. The proposed self similar model is composed ...This paper proposes a selfsimilar local neurofuzzy （SSLNF） model with mutual informati onbased input selection algorithm for the shortterm electricity demand forecasting. The proposed self similar model is composed of a number of local models, each being a local linear neurofuzzy （LLNF） model, and their associated validity functions and can be interpreted itself as an LLNF model. The proposed model is trained by a nested local liner model tree （NLOLIMOT） learning algorithm which partitions the input space into axisorthogonal subdomains and then fits an LLNF model and its associated validity function on each subdomain. Furthermore, the proposed approach allows different input spaces for rule premises （validity functions） and consequents （local models）. This appealing property is employed to assign the candidate input variables （i.e., previous load and temperature） which influence shortterm electricity demand in linear and nonlinear ways to local models and validity functions, respectively. Numerical results from shortterm load forecasting in the New England in 2002 demonstrated the accuracy of the SSLNF model for the STLF applications.展开更多
The order components of a finite group are introduced in [12]. In [9], it is proved that the group PSL(3, q), where q is an odd prime power, is uniquely determined by its order components. In this paper, we show that ...The order components of a finite group are introduced in [12]. In [9], it is proved that the group PSL(3, q), where q is an odd prime power, is uniquely determined by its order components. In this paper, we show that the group PSL(3, q), where q=2~m, is also uniquely determined by its order components.展开更多
ZnS nanoparticles are prepared by homogeneous chemical co-precipitation method using EDTA as a stabilizer and capping agent. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of as-synthesized nanoparticles are in...ZnS nanoparticles are prepared by homogeneous chemical co-precipitation method using EDTA as a stabilizer and capping agent. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of as-synthesized nanoparticles are investigated using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible （UV-Vis） absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The x-ray diffraction pattern exhibits a zinc-blended crystal structure at room temperature. The average particle size of the nanoparticles from the scanning electron microscopy image is about 50 nm. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum shows the blue shift in the band gap due to the quantum confinement effect. The photoluminescence spectrum of ZnS nanoparticles shows a blue visible spectrum.展开更多
Based on Iran's sixth development plan,the country's oil and gas industry requires an investment of about$200 bn in the next five years to increase production.The Iranian government,to attract and motivate int...Based on Iran's sixth development plan,the country's oil and gas industry requires an investment of about$200 bn in the next five years to increase production.The Iranian government,to attract and motivate international oil company investment in their oil and gas fields,has presented a new type of risk service contract:the Iranian Petroleum Contract(IPC).This paper summarizes the features of the IPC and presents mathematical models of its fiscal regime for the benefit and guidance of both the National Iranian Oil Company(NIOC)and the contractors.Next,adopting bargaining game theory provides a mathematical model for reaching a win-win situation between the NIOC and the contractor.Finally,a numerical example is given and a sensitivity analysis performed to illustrate the implementation of the proposed models.The contractor and the NIOC may use these models when preparing their proposal and in the course of actual negotiations to calculate their internal rate of return,remuneration fee,and net present value for developing the fields at different conditions of their bargaining power,and derive a logical bargain to protect their best possible interests.展开更多
We assume that X is a normed linear space, W and M are subspaces of X. We develop a theory of best simultaneous approximation in quotient spaces and introduce equivalent assertions between the subspaces W and W ＋ M a...We assume that X is a normed linear space, W and M are subspaces of X. We develop a theory of best simultaneous approximation in quotient spaces and introduce equivalent assertions between the subspaces W and W ＋ M and the quotient space W/M.展开更多
Objective:Nurses,due to the nature of their job,are subjected to various forms of stress and physical and psychological injuries.Self-compassion and a sense of coherence have attracted much attention in research in re...Objective:Nurses,due to the nature of their job,are subjected to various forms of stress and physical and psychological injuries.Self-compassion and a sense of coherence have attracted much attention in research in recent years as having high potential for improving the health and performance of people in the workplace.The present study aimed to compare self-compassion and the sense of coherence in nurses working in psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences.Methods:The present study was a descriptive-comparative study of applied type conducted on 100 nurses of Shahid Beheshti Psychiatric Hospital in Kerman by the census method and 100 nurses of other hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences by the stratified random sampling method.The instruments included the self-compassion questionnaire and the sense of coherence questionnaire.Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software.Results:The results of the present study showed that self-compassion and sense of coherence were higher in psychiatric nurses(39.35±7.7 and 53.02±8.01)than among other nurses(36.03±5.81 and 49.76±6.30).There was a direct and moderate relationship between a sense of coherence and self-compassion(P-value<0.005).The higher the score of compassion for oneself,the higher was the score of sense of coherence.Furthermore,the sense of coherence had a direct and weak relationship with all dimensions of self-compassion,except for the extreme imitation dimension,which showed a direct and moderate relationship to other dimensions(P-value<0.001).Conclusions:Self-compassion and a sense of coherence,as a form of self-communication,increase nurses’satisfaction and reduce nurses’job stress and,as a result,job performance is improved.展开更多
In this paper, first, we consider closed convex and bounded subsets of infinite-dimensional unital Banach algebras and show with regard to the general conditions that these sets are not quasi-Chebyshev and pseudo-Cheb...In this paper, first, we consider closed convex and bounded subsets of infinite-dimensional unital Banach algebras and show with regard to the general conditions that these sets are not quasi-Chebyshev and pseudo-Chebyshev. Examples of those algebras are given including the algebras of continuous functions on compact sets. We also see some results in C＊-algebras and Hilbert C＊-modules. Next, by considering some conditions, we study Chebyshev of subalgebras in C＊-algebras.展开更多
In this paper,first we introduce n-polygroups and characterize 2-polygroups of order 4 up to isomorphism.Then using 2-polygroups we introduce 2-Krasner hyperfields and we show that there exactly exists one 2-Krasner h...In this paper,first we introduce n-polygroups and characterize 2-polygroups of order 4 up to isomorphism.Then using 2-polygroups we introduce 2-Krasner hyperfields and we show that there exactly exists one 2-Krasner hyperfield of order 4.Moreover,we propose a hyperfield of order 4 which is not as a quotient hyperfield F/G.Finally,some programs written in MATLAB which are based on obtained results compute the number of polygroups,weak polygroups and Krasner hyperfields of order4 up to isomorphism.展开更多
Persian oak(Quercus brantii var.persica)is a dominant tree species of Zagros forests in a semi-arid area,western Iran.However,the capacity of biomass and carbon stocks of these forests is not well studied.We selected ...Persian oak(Quercus brantii var.persica)is a dominant tree species of Zagros forests in a semi-arid area,western Iran.However,the capacity of biomass and carbon stocks of these forests is not well studied.We selected three types of oak,i.e.,seed-originated oak,coppice oak and mixed(seed-originated and coppice)oak of Zagros forests in Dalab valley,Ilam Province,Iran to survey the capacity of biomass and carbon stocks in 2018.Thirty plots with an area of 1000 m2 were systematically and randomly assigned to each type of oak.Quantitative characteristics of trees,such as diameter at breast height(DBH),height,crown diameter and the number of sprouts in each plot were measured.Then,aboveground biomass(AGB),belowground biomass(BGB),aboveground carbon stock(AGCS)and belowground carbon stock(BGCS)of each tree in plots were calculated using allometric equations.The litterfall biomass(LFB)and litterfall carbon stock(LFCS)were measured in a quadrat with 1 m×1 m in each plot.One-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test were performed to detect the differences in biomass and carbon stocks among three types of oak.Results showed that AGB,BGB and BGCS were significantly different among three types of oak.The highest values of AGB,AGCS,BGB and BGCS in seed-originated oak were 76,043.25,14,725.55,36,737.79 and 7362.77 kg/hm2,respectively.Also,the highest values of LFB and LFCS in seed-originated oak were 3298.33 and 1520.48 kg/hm2,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the other two types of oak.The results imply the significant role of seed-originated oak for the regeneration of Zagros forests.Further conservation strategy of seed-originated oak is an important step in the sustainable management of Zagros forests in Iran.展开更多
In [1], Hamzeh, Iranmanesh and Hossein-Zadeh and M. V. Diudea recently introduced the generalized degree distance of graphs. In this paper, we present explicit formulas for this new graph invariant of the Cartesian pr...In [1], Hamzeh, Iranmanesh and Hossein-Zadeh and M. V. Diudea recently introduced the generalized degree distance of graphs. In this paper, we present explicit formulas for this new graph invariant of the Cartesian product, composition, join, disjunction and symmetric difference of graphs and introduce generalized and modified generalized degree distance polynomials of graphs, such that their first derivatives at x = 1 are respectively, equal to the generalized degree distance and the modified generalized degree distance. These polynomials are related to Wiener-type invariant polynomial of graphs.展开更多
We assessed the potential of white poplar（Populus alba L.） and its inter-sectional hybridization with euphrates poplar（P. euphratica Oliv.） for carbon storage and sequestration in central Iran. Trials were establi...We assessed the potential of white poplar（Populus alba L.） and its inter-sectional hybridization with euphrates poplar（P. euphratica Oliv.） for carbon storage and sequestration in central Iran. Trials were established at planting density of 2,500 trees per hectare in block randomized design with three replicates. After 6 years, we measured the above-ground biomass of tree components（trunk, branch, bark, twig and leaf）, and assessed soil carbon at three depths. P. alba 9 euphratica plantation stored significantly more carbon（22.3 t ha-1） than P. alba（16.7 t ha-1） and P. euphratica 9 alba（13.1 t ha-1）.Most of the carbon was accumulated in the above-ground biomass（61.1 % in P. alba, 72.4 % in P. alba 9 euphratica and 56.0 % in P. euphratica 9 alba）. There was no significant difference in soil carbon storage. Also, biomass allocation was different between white poplar P. alba and its inter-sectional hybridization. Therefore, there was a yield difference due to genomic imprinting, which increased the possibility that paternally and maternally inherited wood production alleles would be differentially expressed in the new crossing.展开更多
This paper proposes new methodology for the placement of FACTS devices in transmission systems to reduce congestion. Congestion management comprises congestion relief and congestion cost. The traditional approach to r...This paper proposes new methodology for the placement of FACTS devices in transmission systems to reduce congestion. Congestion management comprises congestion relief and congestion cost. The traditional approach to remedying congestion lies in reinforcing the system with additional transmission capacity. Although still feasible, this approach is becoming more and more complex and it is often challenged by the public [1]. Congestion relief can be handled by using FACTS devices, where transmission capability may be improved. Congestion relief using FACTS devices requires a two step approach: first, the optimal location of these devices in the network and then, the settings of their control parameters. UPFC and IPFC have full dynamic control on the transmission parameters, voltage, line impedance and phase angle. Real Genetic Algorithm (RGA) optimization technique is used to solve this congestion relief problem while analytical hierarchy process (AHP) with fuzzy sets is implemented to evaluate RGA fitness function. The results are obtained for modified IEEE 5 bus Test System.展开更多
Various structures such as marine structures age over time. In order to always maintain safety conditions, maintenance processes including inspection and repair should be implemented on them. Corrosion and fatigue cra...Various structures such as marine structures age over time. In order to always maintain safety conditions, maintenance processes including inspection and repair should be implemented on them. Corrosion and fatigue cracks are two main factors that reduce the ultimate strength of the ship's hull girder over time and thus increase the probability and risk of failure. At the time of inspection,the structural conditions must be checked so that, if necessary, the required repairs can be done on it. The main objective of this paper is to provide optimized maintenance plans of the ship structure based on probabilistic concepts with regard to corrosion and fatigue cracks. Maintenance activities increase the operational costs of ships; therefore, it is advisable to inspect and repair in the optimal times. Optimal maintenance planning of the ship structure can be conducted by formulating and solving a multi-objective optimization problem. The use of risk as a structural performance indicator has become more common in recent years. The objective functions of the optimization problem include minimizing the structure's lifecycle maintenance costs, including inspection and repair costs, and also minimizing the maximum risk of structural failure during the ship's life. In the following,to achieve better responses, reliability index has been added to the problem as the third objective function. The multi-objective optimization problem is solved using genetic algorithms. The proposed risk-based approach is applied to the hull structure of a tanker ship.展开更多
In this paper, we find a way to give best simultaneous approximation of n arbitrary points in convex sets. First, we introduce a special hyperplane which is based on those n points. Then by using this hyperplane, we d...In this paper, we find a way to give best simultaneous approximation of n arbitrary points in convex sets. First, we introduce a special hyperplane which is based on those n points. Then by using this hyperplane, we define best approximation of each point and achieve our purpose.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Life-sustaining treatments(LSTs)may prolong life but greatly decrease the quality of death.One factor influencing decision-making about withholding and withdrawing these treatments is the attitude of nurses...BACKGROUND:Life-sustaining treatments(LSTs)may prolong life but greatly decrease the quality of death.One factor influencing decision-making about withholding and withdrawing these treatments is the attitude of nurses.This study aimed to evaluate the attitude of critical care nurses towards life-sustaining treatments in South East Iran.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,"Ethnicity and Attitudes towards Advance Care Directives Questionnaire"was used to investigate the attitude of 104 critical care nurses towards lifesustaining treatments in three hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences.RESULTS:The findings of this study indicated that although a majority of critical care nurses(77%)did not have personal desire for use of LSTs including CPR and mechanical ventilation,they had moderately negative to neutral attitude towards general use of LSTs(2.95 of 5).CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that nurses'attitude towards LSTs can be changed by inclusion of specific courses about death,palliative care and life-sustaining treatments in undergraduate and postgraduate nursing curricula.Educating Muslim nurses about religious aspects of LSTs may also improve their attitudes.展开更多
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things(IoTs),wearable sensors are playing an increasingly important role in daily monitoring of personal health and wellness.The signal-to-noise-ratio has become the most ...With the rapid development of the Internet of Things(IoTs),wearable sensors are playing an increasingly important role in daily monitoring of personal health and wellness.The signal-to-noise-ratio has become the most critical performance factor to consider.To enhance it,on the one hand,good sensing materials/devices have been employed;on the other hand,signal amplification and noise reduction circuits have been used.However,most of these devices and circuits work in an active sampling mode,requiring frequent data acquisition and hence,entailing high-power consumption.In this scenario,a flexible and wearable event-triggered sensor with embedded signal amplification without an external power supply is of great interest.Here,we report a flexible two-terminal piezotronic n-p-n bipolar junction transistor(PBJT)that acts as an autonomous and highly sensitive,current-and/or voltage-mediated pressure sensor.The PBJT is formed by two back-to-back piezotronic diodes which are defined as emitter-base and collectorbase diodes.Upon force exertion on the emitter side,as a result of the piezoelectric effect,the emitter-base diode is forward biased while the collector-base diode is reverse biased.Due to the inherent BJT amplification effect,the PBJT achieves record-high sensitivities of 139.7 kPa^(-1)(current-based)and 88.66 kPa^(-1)(voltage-based)in sensing mode.The PBJT also has a fast response time of<110 ms under exertion of dynamic stimuli ranging from a flying butterfly to a gentle finger touch.Therefore,the PBJT advances the state of the art not only in terms of sensitivity but also in regard to being self-driven and autonomous,making it promising for pressure sensing and other IoT applications.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND:Paramedic and emergency personnel may encounter directly many events that threat their own wellbeing during their daily work.This study was conducted to examine the prevalence rate of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) among two groups of paramedic and emergency personnel in south-east Iran.METHODS:The study employed a descriptive design and was conducted in four hospital emergency wards and a pre-hospital emergency base supervised by Kerman Medical University.Using Mississippi PTSD,we assessed the prevalence rate in paramedics(n=150) and emergency personnel(n=250).RESULTS:The two groups had different levels of education,marital status,experience of traumatic events,work hours per month,and gender.Most(94%) of paramedic and hospital emergency personnel reported moderate PTSD.The two groups had significant different levels of PTSD in all subscale.CONCLUSION:The study suggests that health care managers should organize systematic and dynamic policies and procedures in dealing with PTSD to assist both groups of personnel.
文摘Acute type B aortic dissection(TBAD) occurs as a result of an intimal tear within the proximal thoracic aorta. Patients are typically managed acutely with aggressive antihypertensive therapy. Surgical repair is reserved for those who develop complications such as rupture or malperfusion. The surgical management of acute TBAD has changed considerably in the last decade secondary to the advent of thoracic stent grafting. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR) has improved early mortality and morbidity rates for patients presenting with complicated TBAD. The role of TEVAR in patients presenting with acute and subacute uncomplicated TBAD is less clear. TEVAR has been associated with increased late survival and better aortic remodeling, with low perioperative morbidity in selected patients. Recent literature suggests certain radiographic criteria may be used to predict patients developing late aortic events who would benefit from early TEVAR. The purpose of this article is to review the contemporary management of acute TBAD, discuss controversies in management and evaluate the latest research findings.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30873416)
文摘In the present study, we developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of seven phenylpropanoid compounds （2-hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde, coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, 2-methoxy cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde and 2-methoxy cinnamaldehyde） in Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus. The levels of seven phenylpropanoid compounds in Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus were compared using this method. A total of 48 samples （27 Cinnamomi Cortex and 21 Cinnamomi Ramulus） were purchased in China and analyzed. Quantities of seven phenylpropanoid compounds ranged from 17.5 to 61.6 mg/g in Cinnamomi Cortex and ranged from 9.91 to 23.4 mg/g in Ciunamomi Ramulus. The level of 2-methoxy cinnamic acid in the Cinnamomi Cortex samples was below the LOD, whereas it ranged from 0 to 0.119 mg/g in the Cinnamomi Ramulus samples. The （cinnamyl alcohol＋cinnamic acid）/cinnamaldehyde ratios （R346） of Ciunamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus ranged from 0.0121 to 0.0467 and 0.0598 to 0.182, respectively. This ratio could be used to discriminate Cinnamomi Cortex （〈0.05） and Cinnamomi Ramulus （〉0.05）. The extraction rates （Dn） of seven compounds in boiling water were different, with the lowest dissolution for cinnamaldehyde （〈3%） and the highest for cinnamic acid （about 60%）.
文摘Gastric cancer is generally diagnosed at an advanced stage,especially in countries without screening programs.Previously,the metastatic stage was synonymous with palliative management,and surgical indications were only for symptomatic relief.However,this therapeutic option is associated with poor prognosis.A subgroup of patients with limited metastatic disease could benefit from intensive treatment.A combination of chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and targeted therapy could help either maintain a resectable state for oligometastatic disease or diminish the metastasis size to obtain a complete resection configuration.This latter strategy is known as conversion therapy and has growing evidence with favorable outcomes.Oncosurgical approach of metastatic disease could prolong survival in selected patients.The challenge for the surgeon and oncologist is to identify these specific patients to offer the best multimodal management.We review in this article the actual evidence for the treatment of oligometastatic gastric cancer with curative intent.
文摘This paper proposes a selfsimilar local neurofuzzy （SSLNF） model with mutual informati onbased input selection algorithm for the shortterm electricity demand forecasting. The proposed self similar model is composed of a number of local models, each being a local linear neurofuzzy （LLNF） model, and their associated validity functions and can be interpreted itself as an LLNF model. The proposed model is trained by a nested local liner model tree （NLOLIMOT） learning algorithm which partitions the input space into axisorthogonal subdomains and then fits an LLNF model and its associated validity function on each subdomain. Furthermore, the proposed approach allows different input spaces for rule premises （validity functions） and consequents （local models）. This appealing property is employed to assign the candidate input variables （i.e., previous load and temperature） which influence shortterm electricity demand in linear and nonlinear ways to local models and validity functions, respectively. Numerical results from shortterm load forecasting in the New England in 2002 demonstrated the accuracy of the SSLNF model for the STLF applications.
文摘The order components of a finite group are introduced in [12]. In [9], it is proved that the group PSL(3, q), where q is an odd prime power, is uniquely determined by its order components. In this paper, we show that the group PSL(3, q), where q=2~m, is also uniquely determined by its order components.
文摘ZnS nanoparticles are prepared by homogeneous chemical co-precipitation method using EDTA as a stabilizer and capping agent. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of as-synthesized nanoparticles are investigated using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible （UV-Vis） absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The x-ray diffraction pattern exhibits a zinc-blended crystal structure at room temperature. The average particle size of the nanoparticles from the scanning electron microscopy image is about 50 nm. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum shows the blue shift in the band gap due to the quantum confinement effect. The photoluminescence spectrum of ZnS nanoparticles shows a blue visible spectrum.
文摘Based on Iran's sixth development plan,the country's oil and gas industry requires an investment of about$200 bn in the next five years to increase production.The Iranian government,to attract and motivate international oil company investment in their oil and gas fields,has presented a new type of risk service contract:the Iranian Petroleum Contract(IPC).This paper summarizes the features of the IPC and presents mathematical models of its fiscal regime for the benefit and guidance of both the National Iranian Oil Company(NIOC)and the contractors.Next,adopting bargaining game theory provides a mathematical model for reaching a win-win situation between the NIOC and the contractor.Finally,a numerical example is given and a sensitivity analysis performed to illustrate the implementation of the proposed models.The contractor and the NIOC may use these models when preparing their proposal and in the course of actual negotiations to calculate their internal rate of return,remuneration fee,and net present value for developing the fields at different conditions of their bargaining power,and derive a logical bargain to protect their best possible interests.
文摘We assume that X is a normed linear space, W and M are subspaces of X. We develop a theory of best simultaneous approximation in quotient spaces and introduce equivalent assertions between the subspaces W and W ＋ M and the quotient space W/M.
文摘Objective:Nurses,due to the nature of their job,are subjected to various forms of stress and physical and psychological injuries.Self-compassion and a sense of coherence have attracted much attention in research in recent years as having high potential for improving the health and performance of people in the workplace.The present study aimed to compare self-compassion and the sense of coherence in nurses working in psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences.Methods:The present study was a descriptive-comparative study of applied type conducted on 100 nurses of Shahid Beheshti Psychiatric Hospital in Kerman by the census method and 100 nurses of other hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences by the stratified random sampling method.The instruments included the self-compassion questionnaire and the sense of coherence questionnaire.Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software.Results:The results of the present study showed that self-compassion and sense of coherence were higher in psychiatric nurses(39.35±7.7 and 53.02±8.01)than among other nurses(36.03±5.81 and 49.76±6.30).There was a direct and moderate relationship between a sense of coherence and self-compassion(P-value<0.005).The higher the score of compassion for oneself,the higher was the score of sense of coherence.Furthermore,the sense of coherence had a direct and weak relationship with all dimensions of self-compassion,except for the extreme imitation dimension,which showed a direct and moderate relationship to other dimensions(P-value<0.001).Conclusions:Self-compassion and a sense of coherence,as a form of self-communication,increase nurses’satisfaction and reduce nurses’job stress and,as a result,job performance is improved.
文摘In this paper, first, we consider closed convex and bounded subsets of infinite-dimensional unital Banach algebras and show with regard to the general conditions that these sets are not quasi-Chebyshev and pseudo-Chebyshev. Examples of those algebras are given including the algebras of continuous functions on compact sets. We also see some results in C＊-algebras and Hilbert C＊-modules. Next, by considering some conditions, we study Chebyshev of subalgebras in C＊-algebras.
文摘In this paper,first we introduce n-polygroups and characterize 2-polygroups of order 4 up to isomorphism.Then using 2-polygroups we introduce 2-Krasner hyperfields and we show that there exactly exists one 2-Krasner hyperfield of order 4.Moreover,we propose a hyperfield of order 4 which is not as a quotient hyperfield F/G.Finally,some programs written in MATLAB which are based on obtained results compute the number of polygroups,weak polygroups and Krasner hyperfields of order4 up to isomorphism.
文摘Persian oak(Quercus brantii var.persica)is a dominant tree species of Zagros forests in a semi-arid area,western Iran.However,the capacity of biomass and carbon stocks of these forests is not well studied.We selected three types of oak,i.e.,seed-originated oak,coppice oak and mixed(seed-originated and coppice)oak of Zagros forests in Dalab valley,Ilam Province,Iran to survey the capacity of biomass and carbon stocks in 2018.Thirty plots with an area of 1000 m2 were systematically and randomly assigned to each type of oak.Quantitative characteristics of trees,such as diameter at breast height(DBH),height,crown diameter and the number of sprouts in each plot were measured.Then,aboveground biomass(AGB),belowground biomass(BGB),aboveground carbon stock(AGCS)and belowground carbon stock(BGCS)of each tree in plots were calculated using allometric equations.The litterfall biomass(LFB)and litterfall carbon stock(LFCS)were measured in a quadrat with 1 m×1 m in each plot.One-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test were performed to detect the differences in biomass and carbon stocks among three types of oak.Results showed that AGB,BGB and BGCS were significantly different among three types of oak.The highest values of AGB,AGCS,BGB and BGCS in seed-originated oak were 76,043.25,14,725.55,36,737.79 and 7362.77 kg/hm2,respectively.Also,the highest values of LFB and LFCS in seed-originated oak were 3298.33 and 1520.48 kg/hm2,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the other two types of oak.The results imply the significant role of seed-originated oak for the regeneration of Zagros forests.Further conservation strategy of seed-originated oak is an important step in the sustainable management of Zagros forests in Iran.
文摘In [1], Hamzeh, Iranmanesh and Hossein-Zadeh and M. V. Diudea recently introduced the generalized degree distance of graphs. In this paper, we present explicit formulas for this new graph invariant of the Cartesian product, composition, join, disjunction and symmetric difference of graphs and introduce generalized and modified generalized degree distance polynomials of graphs, such that their first derivatives at x = 1 are respectively, equal to the generalized degree distance and the modified generalized degree distance. These polynomials are related to Wiener-type invariant polynomial of graphs.
文摘We assessed the potential of white poplar（Populus alba L.） and its inter-sectional hybridization with euphrates poplar（P. euphratica Oliv.） for carbon storage and sequestration in central Iran. Trials were established at planting density of 2,500 trees per hectare in block randomized design with three replicates. After 6 years, we measured the above-ground biomass of tree components（trunk, branch, bark, twig and leaf）, and assessed soil carbon at three depths. P. alba 9 euphratica plantation stored significantly more carbon（22.3 t ha-1） than P. alba（16.7 t ha-1） and P. euphratica 9 alba（13.1 t ha-1）.Most of the carbon was accumulated in the above-ground biomass（61.1 % in P. alba, 72.4 % in P. alba 9 euphratica and 56.0 % in P. euphratica 9 alba）. There was no significant difference in soil carbon storage. Also, biomass allocation was different between white poplar P. alba and its inter-sectional hybridization. Therefore, there was a yield difference due to genomic imprinting, which increased the possibility that paternally and maternally inherited wood production alleles would be differentially expressed in the new crossing.
文摘This paper proposes new methodology for the placement of FACTS devices in transmission systems to reduce congestion. Congestion management comprises congestion relief and congestion cost. The traditional approach to remedying congestion lies in reinforcing the system with additional transmission capacity. Although still feasible, this approach is becoming more and more complex and it is often challenged by the public [1]. Congestion relief can be handled by using FACTS devices, where transmission capability may be improved. Congestion relief using FACTS devices requires a two step approach: first, the optimal location of these devices in the network and then, the settings of their control parameters. UPFC and IPFC have full dynamic control on the transmission parameters, voltage, line impedance and phase angle. Real Genetic Algorithm (RGA) optimization technique is used to solve this congestion relief problem while analytical hierarchy process (AHP) with fuzzy sets is implemented to evaluate RGA fitness function. The results are obtained for modified IEEE 5 bus Test System.
文摘Various structures such as marine structures age over time. In order to always maintain safety conditions, maintenance processes including inspection and repair should be implemented on them. Corrosion and fatigue cracks are two main factors that reduce the ultimate strength of the ship's hull girder over time and thus increase the probability and risk of failure. At the time of inspection,the structural conditions must be checked so that, if necessary, the required repairs can be done on it. The main objective of this paper is to provide optimized maintenance plans of the ship structure based on probabilistic concepts with regard to corrosion and fatigue cracks. Maintenance activities increase the operational costs of ships; therefore, it is advisable to inspect and repair in the optimal times. Optimal maintenance planning of the ship structure can be conducted by formulating and solving a multi-objective optimization problem. The use of risk as a structural performance indicator has become more common in recent years. The objective functions of the optimization problem include minimizing the structure's lifecycle maintenance costs, including inspection and repair costs, and also minimizing the maximum risk of structural failure during the ship's life. In the following,to achieve better responses, reliability index has been added to the problem as the third objective function. The multi-objective optimization problem is solved using genetic algorithms. The proposed risk-based approach is applied to the hull structure of a tanker ship.
文摘In this paper, we find a way to give best simultaneous approximation of n arbitrary points in convex sets. First, we introduce a special hyperplane which is based on those n points. Then by using this hyperplane, we define best approximation of each point and achieve our purpose.
文摘BACKGROUND:Life-sustaining treatments(LSTs)may prolong life but greatly decrease the quality of death.One factor influencing decision-making about withholding and withdrawing these treatments is the attitude of nurses.This study aimed to evaluate the attitude of critical care nurses towards life-sustaining treatments in South East Iran.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,"Ethnicity and Attitudes towards Advance Care Directives Questionnaire"was used to investigate the attitude of 104 critical care nurses towards lifesustaining treatments in three hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences.RESULTS:The findings of this study indicated that although a majority of critical care nurses(77%)did not have personal desire for use of LSTs including CPR and mechanical ventilation,they had moderately negative to neutral attitude towards general use of LSTs(2.95 of 5).CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that nurses'attitude towards LSTs can be changed by inclusion of specific courses about death,palliative care and life-sustaining treatments in undergraduate and postgraduate nursing curricula.Educating Muslim nurses about religious aspects of LSTs may also improve their attitudes.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0706100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(61974006)+1 种基金the Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Enterpreneurial Teams Program(2019ZT08Z656)the Shenzhen Municipal Scientific Program(KJZD20230923113759002).
文摘With the rapid development of the Internet of Things(IoTs),wearable sensors are playing an increasingly important role in daily monitoring of personal health and wellness.The signal-to-noise-ratio has become the most critical performance factor to consider.To enhance it,on the one hand,good sensing materials/devices have been employed;on the other hand,signal amplification and noise reduction circuits have been used.However,most of these devices and circuits work in an active sampling mode,requiring frequent data acquisition and hence,entailing high-power consumption.In this scenario,a flexible and wearable event-triggered sensor with embedded signal amplification without an external power supply is of great interest.Here,we report a flexible two-terminal piezotronic n-p-n bipolar junction transistor(PBJT)that acts as an autonomous and highly sensitive,current-and/or voltage-mediated pressure sensor.The PBJT is formed by two back-to-back piezotronic diodes which are defined as emitter-base and collectorbase diodes.Upon force exertion on the emitter side,as a result of the piezoelectric effect,the emitter-base diode is forward biased while the collector-base diode is reverse biased.Due to the inherent BJT amplification effect,the PBJT achieves record-high sensitivities of 139.7 kPa^(-1)(current-based)and 88.66 kPa^(-1)(voltage-based)in sensing mode.The PBJT also has a fast response time of<110 ms under exertion of dynamic stimuli ranging from a flying butterfly to a gentle finger touch.Therefore,the PBJT advances the state of the art not only in terms of sensitivity but also in regard to being self-driven and autonomous,making it promising for pressure sensing and other IoT applications.
