Aroma is an important quality parameter for breeding in rice(Oryza sativa).For example,the aromatic rice varieties basmati and jasmine rice,with a popcorn-like scent,are popular worldwide and routinely command a price...Aroma is an important quality parameter for breeding in rice(Oryza sativa).For example,the aromatic rice varieties basmati and jasmine rice,with a popcorn-like scent,are popular worldwide and routinely command a price premium.2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2AP)is a key flavor compound among over 200 volatiles identified in fragrant rice.A naturally fragrant germplasm exists in multiple plant species besides rice,which all exhibit lower activity of BETAINE ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE 2(BADH2).However,no equivalent aromatic germplasm has been described in maize(Zea mays).Here,we characterized the two maize BADH2 homologs,ZmBADH2a and ZmBADH2b.We generated zmbadh2a and zmbadh2b single mutants and the zmbadh2a-zmbadh2b double mutant by CRISPR/Cas in four inbred lines.A popcorn-like scent was only noticeable in seeds from the double mutant,but not from either single mutant or in wild type.In agreement,we only detected 2AP in fresh kernels and dried mature seeds from the double mutant,which accumulated between 0.028 and 0.723 mg/kg 2AP.These results suggest that ZmBADH2a and ZmBADH2b redundantly participate in 2AP biosynthesis in maize,and represent the creation of the world's first aromatic maize by simultaneous genome editing of the two BADH2 genes.展开更多
Aromatic rice lines were examined for 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP) content in leaf tissue at five different growth stages (tillering, panicle initiation, 50% heading, booting, and maturity). A small plot trial with plot...Aromatic rice lines were examined for 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP) content in leaf tissue at five different growth stages (tillering, panicle initiation, 50% heading, booting, and maturity). A small plot trial with plot size of 1.42 m × 4.88 m (7 row-plots) was arranged in completely randomize design with three replications. Dry-seeded, delayed flood cultural practice was used in this study. The experiment was conducted at three locations. The average 2AP concentrations in leaf tissue at tillering stages were higher than the other four growth stages. 2AP levels were declined when rice plant reached booting. AP levels decreased slightly at heading stage and decreased significantly at maturity. There was no significant different between 2AP in leaf at 50% heading from three locations as well as the 2AP content in rice grain. Correlations between 2AP in leaf and 2AP in grain were significantly in all five growth stages. The highest correlation coefficient was found between 2AP in leaf at booting and grain (r = 0.811**) and lowest was in the leaf at harvest (r = 0.564**). Results indicated that 2AP could be determined in leaf tissue at early growth stage.展开更多
文摘Aroma is an important quality parameter for breeding in rice(Oryza sativa).For example,the aromatic rice varieties basmati and jasmine rice,with a popcorn-like scent,are popular worldwide and routinely command a price premium.2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2AP)is a key flavor compound among over 200 volatiles identified in fragrant rice.A naturally fragrant germplasm exists in multiple plant species besides rice,which all exhibit lower activity of BETAINE ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE 2(BADH2).However,no equivalent aromatic germplasm has been described in maize(Zea mays).Here,we characterized the two maize BADH2 homologs,ZmBADH2a and ZmBADH2b.We generated zmbadh2a and zmbadh2b single mutants and the zmbadh2a-zmbadh2b double mutant by CRISPR/Cas in four inbred lines.A popcorn-like scent was only noticeable in seeds from the double mutant,but not from either single mutant or in wild type.In agreement,we only detected 2AP in fresh kernels and dried mature seeds from the double mutant,which accumulated between 0.028 and 0.723 mg/kg 2AP.These results suggest that ZmBADH2a and ZmBADH2b redundantly participate in 2AP biosynthesis in maize,and represent the creation of the world's first aromatic maize by simultaneous genome editing of the two BADH2 genes.
文摘Aromatic rice lines were examined for 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP) content in leaf tissue at five different growth stages (tillering, panicle initiation, 50% heading, booting, and maturity). A small plot trial with plot size of 1.42 m × 4.88 m (7 row-plots) was arranged in completely randomize design with three replications. Dry-seeded, delayed flood cultural practice was used in this study. The experiment was conducted at three locations. The average 2AP concentrations in leaf tissue at tillering stages were higher than the other four growth stages. 2AP levels were declined when rice plant reached booting. AP levels decreased slightly at heading stage and decreased significantly at maturity. There was no significant different between 2AP in leaf at 50% heading from three locations as well as the 2AP content in rice grain. Correlations between 2AP in leaf and 2AP in grain were significantly in all five growth stages. The highest correlation coefficient was found between 2AP in leaf at booting and grain (r = 0.811**) and lowest was in the leaf at harvest (r = 0.564**). Results indicated that 2AP could be determined in leaf tissue at early growth stage.
文摘目的:探讨肾络通(益气养阴消癥通络为法)对糖尿病肾病大鼠24 h尿白蛋白定量(UAlb)及肾组织podocin、CD2AP的影响。方法:70只大鼠随机选取10只作为正常对照组,其余60只大鼠均行腹腔注射STZ(55 mg·kg-1·d-1)1次,3 d后测空腹血糖≥16.7 mmol/L者按随机数字表法分为模型组、中药组及厄贝沙坦组,按各组相应药物剂量灌胃。于第24周末检测各组大鼠24 h UAlb定量,免疫组化法测肾组织podocin、CD2AP蛋白表达。结果:各治疗组与模型组比较24 h UAlb明显减少,podocin、CD2AP蛋白表达显著增加。结论:益气养阴、消癥通络中药肾络通可能通过减少podocin、CD2AP蛋白的丢失,使肾小球滤过膜的完整性得到一定程度的恢复,而减轻糖尿病肾病大鼠蛋白尿。
