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官方道歉的“负担”:历史叙事在促进和解方面的作用

The “Burden” of the Official Apology: The Role of Historical Narrative in Promoting Reconciliation
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摘要 第二次世界大战虽已结束70多年,但各个参战国家之间并未达成真正意义上的和解。近几十年,尽管由国家官方推动、支持的正式道歉被视为重建国际纽带的有效手段之一,但其在推进国家间和解方面的有效作用仍有待讨论。经诸多研究证实,公民社会在联结公民与其历史记忆、历史反思等方面扮演着重要的作用。由于公民社会对于二战后历史责任讨论的参与目前仍局限于日本,本文将通过探讨德国与意大利政府有关战后责任承担与战后和解的建设性历史经验与所遇难题以分析2016年奥巴马与安倍晋三对广岛、珍珠港的官方互访在重启日本战后叙事以及美日两国政府话语与形象建构,推进公民社会在日本未来讨论中的重要作用。本文将重点讨论安倍晋三和奥巴马所使用的措辞和形象,如果在国家媒体和官方辩论中得到很好的构架,可能会成为“记忆的策动者”,推动民间社会进一步、更深入地参与这一关乎日本未来的重要讨论。 More than 70 years after the end of the Second World War, warring nations have not completely achieved true reconciliation. For decades, official state-sanctioned apologies have been consi-dered a useful tool to help rebuilding broken international bonds, but their effectiveness in fos-tering national reconciliation remains debatable. On the contrary, more and more studies seem confirming civil society’s role in facilitating people’s reflection upon the most rending aspects of their own past. With civil society involvement in the discussion of Second World War responsibilities still limited in Japan, this paper recalls the experiences of Germany and Italy and the difficulties they encountered in shaping a constructive discussion on war responsibilities and reconciliation to argue that the Obama-Abe exchange of official visits in Hiroshima and Pearl Harbour in 2016 represents a crucial step forward in relaunching the debate on the Japanese Second World War narrative. In particular, this article claims that the wording and the images used by Shinzo Abe and Barack Obama could become, if well framed by national media and the official debate, “agitators of memory” pushing civil society to further and more deeply engage in this crucial discussion for the future of Japan.
出处 《社会科学前沿》 2021年第3期802-813,共12页 Advances in Social Sciences
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