摘要
西方国家,特别是美国,在冷战后向世界范围内推广自由民主。很多国家和地区成为了其实验地。然而,随着第三波和第四波民主化浪潮带来的民主衰退,甚至是国家失败,使得全球范围内对自由民主的心理层面出现逆转,民粹主义应运而生。民粹主义与民主化形影相随。中东欧非左即右的政党政治生态格局被新民粹主义政党所打破,为政党政治转型增添了变数,暴露出诸多“逆民主化”问题。本文从中东欧新民粹主义政党政治生态格局及基本特征进行分析,从意识形态、社会结构、新媒体三个方面分析其兴起原因,从而预测其发展趋势,为民主政治和政党现代化总结经验。本文认为,虽然中东欧政治转型受到民粹主义的很大困扰,但是其大方向不可逆转,任何政党不能从根本上否定当前的政治制度。新民粹主义政党的兴起说明,这是一种探索民主形式的新模式,是对外生型民主模式的反思,这样的政治表意组织不能简单的全盘否定。
Western countries, after the cold war, led by the United States, promoted liberal democracy to the world. Many countries and regions have become the testing ground for liberal democracy. However, as the third and the fourth wave of democratization is on the decline and even state failure, which make the psychological level of freedom and democracy worldwide reverse a populist arises at the historic moment. Populism is the accompanying phenomenon in democratization process. As a representative in the wave of democratization in central and eastern, Europe Neo-Populist Party breaks the traditional political parties either left or right of ecological landscape, adds a variable for party political transition, and exposes the “inverse democratization” problems. This paper analyzes the political ecological pattern and basic characteristics of new populist parties in central and Eastern Europe. And from three aspects: the ideology, social structure and the new media, this paper analyzes the reasons of its rise to predict its development trend and sum up experience for the development of democratic politics and political modernization. This paper argues that the general direction can’t be reversed, although the transformation of central and eastern Europe is deeply upset by the populism. No political party can fundamentally deny the current political system. The rise of the neo-populist party shows that this is a new model for exploring democratic forms and a reflection on the model of foreign democracy, which takes hard denial.
出处
《社会科学前沿》
2020年第10期1655-1659,共5页
Advances in Social Sciences
