摘要
生态工业工程是通过向自然生态学习,以"社会发展"、"珍惜资源"和"环境质量"为多重目标,构建循环经济技术基石。在发展这一新的工业生产模式过程中需依托物理、化学、生物学最新成果的注入,为此泛化学工程可以发挥重要作用。讨论了循环经济模式提出的历史背景,循环经济的内涵、主要技术挑战、学科范畴、主要指导原则等。
Challenges to the attainment of sustainable development in China include: the efficient use of an abundance of labor, the growing population and growing pollution in cities, a gross national production that is relatively high but that on a per capita basis is low, and a big market and a situation where the rate of primary goods production is high with large depletion of energy and materials for which there is much room for improvement. The main problems are: energy and materials resources per capita are lower than the world level, the level of technology is low with a need for more advanced techniques for higher added value, and the environmental pollution and ecological degradation problems are severe. The only way to respond is by building a cycle economy and metabolic society. This requires the development of an ecological industry and technologies for clean production. The development needs to follow the 3R principles of reduce, recycle and reuse of resources. The cycle economy is comprised of three levels and three supports, in which the three levels are the metabolic society, the establishment of ecological industrial parks, and the realization of clean production, and the three supports are growth by hi-tech R&D, the rules of ecological systems, and ecology education and upholding of moral standards. A distinction is made between two possible modes of economic expansion. Mode 1 is a true and intrinsic development that is driven by progress in science and technology, which would achieve GDP growth while decreasing resource depletion and pollution. Mode 2 is a market based development, in which there is duplication of construction at a low technological level with increased resources depletion and pollution. Process engineering in the industries of petroleum products, metallurgy, chemicals, building materials, pharmaceuticals and others is very important in the national economy. They are also the largest users of energy and resources, and cause the heaviest pollutions. The optimal use, reuse and recycle of
出处
《中国有色金属学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第F01期1-12,共12页
The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals
关键词
循环经济
生态工业
可持续发展
泛化学工程
cycle economy
ecological process engineering
sustainable development
