摘要
导弹或炸弹接触爆炸对船体板架的破坏作用 ,可分为初始穿孔作用和爆炸冲击波作用两部分 ,从而可将其破损看作早期穿孔和壳板的后续塑性变形两个阶段。为简化计算 ,将船体板架按照一定的等效原则简化为圆形板。第一阶段 ,该圆形板在中心产生初始穿孔 ;第二阶段 ,爆炸冲击波作用以冲量的形式作用在穿孔后的剩余板结构上 ,给板一个初始动能。剩余结构在该动能驱动下继续变形 ,动能逐渐转化为变形能 ,并最终达到平衡状态。通过假设一定的塑性变形模式 ,得到变形能与变形的关系 ,利用动量定理和能量守恒定理 ,建立了板架塑性变形的理论模型 ,得出了变形挠度的计算公式。通过接触爆炸试验 ,得出材料极限动应变的估算值 ,并以最大环向应变等于极限动应变作为板架径向撕裂的条件 ,得到破口半径的计算公式。利用上述破口计算方法 ,对某型驱逐舰的几个典型船体甲板板架在受到飞鱼导弹及 GBV-1 2型激光炸弹攻击时的变形挠度和破口尺寸进行计算。以实船在遭受空中打击时的战损事例和打靶试验数据进行比较后 ,证实该破口计算公式可用于船舶受空中接触爆炸作用下产生的破口估算。
The destruction effect of missiles or bombs on the ship panels can be divided into two parts: perforation effect and blast shock wave effect. So the damage of ship panels subjected to air attack can be regarded as two phases: the perforation by air weapons and the plastic distortion by shock wave. In order to simplify the calculation, ship panels are transformed into circular plates by certain principle; these circular plates will be perforated at the center in the first phase. The effects of blast shock wave in the second phase are brought to the residual structure in the form of impulse after perforation, and then the circular plates obtained initial kinetic energy. The residual structures continue to distort driving by the kinetic energy and in the course of distortion kinetic energy transforms into distortion energy gradually. At last, equilibrium is resched. By means of supposing a certain mode of plastic distortion, the relations between distortion energy and displacement are obtained. Applying the momentum theorem and the conversation of energy theorem, a theoretical model of the ship panel's plastic dynamic response is built up and the displacement of distortion can be calculated. From the experiment of contact explosion, the estimation value of the material ultimate dynamic strain is obtained. Using the value as the criterion of tearing the ship panels at the radial direction, the equation of calculating the radius of crevasse is gained. By means of this crevasse calculation method, the displacement and crevasse value of some typical deck panels of certain type of destroyer subjected to“flying fish” missiles and“GBV-12” laser bomb attack are worked out. Compared with the data of warships destroyed by air attack in real battles and target-practice experiments, the results of the crevasse equation are believable and the crevasse equation can be used to estimate the destruction dimension of the ship subjected to air contact explosion.
出处
《中国造船》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第2期43-50,共8页
Shipbuilding of China
