摘要
在春小麦大田种植裂区分布正交试验中,通过调控农田耕作层土壤水分,矿质营养元素氮、磷、钾和有机肥的施用量及施配方式,确定适合于干旱沙漠环境的最佳农田水肥管理模式。结果表明,干旱沙区淤灌沙壤土春小麦农田的最佳水肥施配方案是:春小麦全生育期灌水量为5397m3/hm2,底肥施用无机肥总量(N+P2O5+K2O)为272kg/hm2,配施比例为N∶P2O5∶K2O=99∶173∶0(kg/hm2),有机肥14993kg/hm2(其中,有机质∶K2O=4708kg/hm2∶35kg/hm2),2次追施氮肥70kg/hm2。在试验条件下获得最高籽粒产量为3250kg/hm2,收获指数达到40%,作物水分利用效率为1.5g/kg,单位水收获量为0.6kg/m3。
The water and fertilizer interaction experiment was conducted at Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station in northwest China, on purpose to coordinate the relation of water and fertilizer and to study out the optimal management pattern for spring wheat in the arid sandy land. The results indicated that in the arid land with warp soil, the optimal irrigation amount during the growth season of spring wheat was about 5 400 m\+3/hm^2, i.e., 540 mm in depth of irrigating water quota for a overall of 10 times irrigation practice; The chemical fertilizers applied before sowing should be 272 kg/hm\+2 with the combination of N∶P_2O_5∶K_2=99∶173∶0; The organic manure supplied should be around 14 993 kg/hm^2, in which the organic matters content was 31.4%; And additionally, the two times of nitrogen compensation should be 70 kg/hm^2. By combining the suitable management measures, a relatively higher yield (Y) of 3 250 kg/hm^2 was achieved, and the harvest index (HI), water use efficiency (WUE) and unit water output (E_y) reached 40%, 1.5 g/kg and 0.6 kg/m^3, respectively. This comprehensive management pattern is practicable in reclaiming and harnessing desert lands along Yellow River in northwest China.
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第2期6-10,24,共6页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
中国科学院"西部之光"项目
中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所知识创新工程项目(CACX210094)
中国科学院沙坡头沙漠试验研究站开放基金(200306)。
关键词
干旱沙区
春小麦
水肥管理
试验
arid area
irrigated land
water and fertilizer interrelation
spring wheat
