摘要
矿业用地是采矿业和矿区土地复垦中的核心问题之一,矿业用地的制度安排直接影响到矿业的可持续发展和矿区土地复垦的成效,而矿业用地制度安排又与地权制度和矿权制度紧密相关。文章从我国地权制度变迁的角度,考证了矿业用地制度的变迁,分析了现行矿业用地制度中存在的主要问题,以及现行矿业用地制度与矿业权制度中之间的主要矛盾。文章认为,矿业用地获得方式以及矿业权和矿业用地使用权的分别取得是形成现行矿业用地制度弊端的两个主要问题。针对这两个问题,提出了完善现行矿业用地制度的对策,即改革现行的通过出让方式取得矿业用地的制度,而采取通过临时用地制度、年租制、土地股权制等新模式取得矿业用地。在矿业权制度与矿业用地制度之间的关系上,采用将土地使用权与矿业权合并处置、矿业权对抗原土地使用权等协调矿业用地制度与矿业权制度之间矛盾的对策。
The approach of gaining mining land use rights is the key content of the mining land institution in China. Because of the characteristics of land rights institution in China, there is only one access to gain mining land use rights, i.e. granting the mining land use rights. Although the mining company still holds the land use rights after the mining activity has been finished, the use value of the post-mining land is little for the mining company, so, there is not incentive for the mining company to rehabilitate the post-mining land. On the other hand, the regulation about land reclamation prescribes the mining company to rehabilitate the post-mining land, meanwhile, after the post-mining land has been rehabilitated, if the mining company do not use the land during two years, local government will withdraw the land use rights according to the regulation. So, the mining company not only must pay money for the mining land use rights, but also for the mining land reclamation, and then risks forfeiture of land use rights. Apparently, these provisions are illogical. As a result, the command and control type of legislation on reclamation is not enforced appropriately. Therefore, the singleness of gaining way of mining land use rights becomes one of key factors to baffle the mine rehabilitation activity. On the basis of the analyses, the authors propose several kinds of model to reform mining land institution of China, these models include the temporary land-use system, annual land rent system, land stock rights system, etc.. These models can overcome the drawbacks of the existing mining land institution of China, and stimulate the firm to rehabilitate mining land. The authors argue that there are several contradictions between the mining land institution and mineral rights institution. First, because the department and legislation to administer mineral and mining land are different, and then the legal procedure of gaining these rights are different, the firm who has gained the mineral rights do not mean that it sy
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第3期116-122,共7页
Resources Science
基金
国土资源部法规司资助项目:"矿业用地与矿区复垦制度研究"(编号:200201032)。
关键词
矿业用地
土地使用权
矿业权
制度
Mining land
Land use rights
Mineral rights
Institution
