摘要
在参考和分析国内外稻作研究进展的基础上,提出云南省稻作育种技术革新思路: (1)利用多样性的遗传资源(包括国内外亚洲栽培稻、非洲栽培稻、野生稻),拓宽遗传背景,扩大遗传变异是稻作育种的基础和核心。 (2)新技术(包括胚挽救、花药培养、轮回选择、分子标记辅助选择)的应用是提高育种效率的重要手段。 (3)利用野生稻中极强的再生性选育再生能力强的品种,扩大复种指数是在有效土地面积上增加粮食总产量的有效途径。结合云南省中、低海拔稻区热量条件一季有余、两季不足的情况,应加强对再生稻的研究,培育再生性强的品种,以提高总产量。(4)增强品种抗逆能力,提高稳产性,大大提高边远山区陆稻、雷响田的产量,是全省稻谷平衡增产的保证。(5)扩大国际合作交流,学习国外先进的育种思路和技术,是提高云南省稻作育种水平的有效方式。 (6)由于云南的普通稻米生产在面积和产量、成本和价格在全国均无竞争优势,在目前以及今后相当长一段时间内,稻作生产的总体目标应以满足本地群众特别是占绝大多数农村人口的消费需求为主要任务的基础上,结合云南米饭食用口味多样性、稻米产品多样化的情况,加强适合云南食用习惯稻米(包括优质粳米、软米、糯米、米线米、饵丝饵块米、卷粉米等)的研究和开发。
Base on analysis of rice research in the world, authors advocate that: (1) Exploitation diverse genetic resource (include Oryza saliva, O. glaberrima, and other wild relatives) is the key to broaden genetic background of rice in Yunnan. (2) Breeding efficiency can be improved by use of new breeding techniques (include embryo rescue, anther cultivation, recurrent selection, and MAS) . (3 ) With the application of the regeneration in wild rices, to cultivate regenerative rice variety, increase harvest area can gain more input in limited land. ( 4) Enhancement of resistant ability to adverse environments (include low temperate, limited water condition and so on) of rice varieties-includes upland rice varieties-can improve stability capable of rice production in mountainous areas. (5) Expansion of international exchange, learn advanced foreign breeding methods and techniques will profit research work. (6) In the short term, the goal of rice production in Yunnan would be to meet the basic requirement of Yunnan people especially in rural districts because area, yield, price and cost of rice in Yunnan cannot compete with that in other provinces in China. Due to various food customs, strengthening breeding research of special rice (for rice noodle, rice bread, glutinous rice and so on) to satisfy the food inclination in Yunnan is needed. This paper also discusses current condition and technical merits of rice breeding in YAAS.
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
2004年第B05期317-321,共5页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
关键词
云南
技术创新
遗传资源
再生性
抗逆性
水稻
育种
rice breeding
innovation
genetic resource
regeneration
ability of resistant to adverse environment
food custom
