摘要
几丁质是自然界中仅次于纤维素的第二大可再生自然资源,广泛存在于海洋中,其降解产物具有多种用途,几丁质酶除在降解几丁质方面有重要功能外,还在植病防治方面有重要作用.本文对几丁质酶产生生物、几丁质酶产生菌筛选方法、酶活的测定方法、酶的种类、酶的性质、酶的用途、几丁质酶基因及基因调节的最新进展作一综述,以期为几丁质酶的进一步利用提供参考.
Chitin, a β-1,4-linked biopolymer of N-acetyglucosamine, is widely distributed in nature, especially in marine. Its decomposing products are very useful in industry, pharmaceutical and environmental fields. Chitinase is a series of enzymes degrading chitin, and is classified as family 18, 19 or 20 of glycosyl hydrolyses based on the amino acid sequence similarity of their catalytic domains. Family 18 contains chitinases from bacteria, fungi, viruses, animals, and some from plants, and shows differences in their nuclear acid sequences and amino acid constitutions; Family 19 is composed of chiefly the chitinases from plants, and shows conservative in their protein and DNA sequences; Family 20 consists of several N-acetyglucosaminidases. This paper summarized diversities of the living organisms producing chitinases, the screening methods for chitinases, the determinination, characteristics and usage of chitinase. The paper also reviewed diversities of genes encoding chitinases and diversities of gene regulation.
出处
《科技通报》
北大核心
2004年第3期258-262,共5页
Bulletin of Science and Technology
