摘要
清钦天监设置于1644年,是清代职掌制历、观象、报时的宫署,同时具有选定历注、出具占语、诹日择地等职能。英国皇家格林尼治天文台创立于1675年(康熙十四年)是英国最早的科研机构之一。虽然,清钦天监与英国皇家天文台都是皇家机构,都是专门从事天文学及其相关研究的部门,但两者性质和地位有着本质的不同。本文分析了清钦天监政治功能强,职能复杂多样,职事官生糅杂,职官地位不高等基本特征,比较了二机构在宗旨、建制、仪器、主管等方面的不同,由此提示出清钦天监及其代表的中国传统天文学必然衰落的问题。
First of all, the author analyzed characteristic of the Qing Dynasty Astronomical Bureau and made it clear that Qing and pre - Qing Dynasty Astronomical Bureau differed in organizational management and official rise in rank. Secondly, when comparing Qing Dynasty Astronomical Bureau with the Royal Observatory ( Greenwich Observatory) , the author dis- cussed a world of difference between the two in several respects, for example organizational aim, authorized size, astronomical instrument, .officer ability, encouragement mechanism and so forth. Finally, the author expounded the causation of decline of the Chinese Imperial Astronomical Bureau and the traditional astronomy.
出处
《自然辩证法通讯》
CSSCI
北大核心
2004年第2期77-82,共6页
Journal of Dialectics of Nature
