摘要
反日会表面为各地国民党党部奉中央命令而成立 ,实际乃是一个因“济南惨案”而发生的自发性的民众团体。早期受南京国民党及国民政府控制 ,主要从事和平的对日绝交运动 ;后期除上海等少数地方组织外 ,领导权大多落入国民党改组派之手 ,基本不受南京国民党及国民政府支配。反日会自始要求南京国民党及国民政府“恢复民众运动” ,实行“革命外交”政策 ,力主公正解决“济案”和废除中日不平等条约 ,并在一定程度上延缓了屈辱的《济案协定》的签订时间。尽管反日会在对日经济绝交运动和南京国民政府对日交涉过程中偶有过急之举 ,但其维护国家主权、民族利益的立场和表现仍应给以积极评价和肯定。
On the surface, the Anti-Japanese Society was established by local Guomindang party headquarters on orders from the Central Committee. But in fact, the Society was a civil organization spontaneously established by the common people. In the early stages, when it was controlled by the Nanjing Guomindang and the Nationalist Government, the Society mainly undertook a movement to peacefully break off relations with Japan. In the later stages, except a few local branches in Shanghai and other places, the leadership of most branches of the Society fell into hands of the Guomindang Reorganization Faction, and by and large were not dominated by the Nanjing Guomindang and the Nationalist Government. Since its inception, the Society had called on the Nanjing Guomindang and Nationalist Government to “revive the mass movement”, and pursue “revolutionary diplomacy.” The Society vigorously advocated resolving the “Jinan Incident” fairly and abolishing unequal treaties between China and Japan. Their activities to some degree delayed the signing of the humiliating Jinan Agreement. Though the Society occasionally overacted during the movement to break off economic relations with Japan and during the Nanjing Nationalist Government’s negotiations with Japan, its stance and actions in defense of national sovereignty and the national interest should be commended.
出处
《近代史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2004年第2期145-185,共41页
Modern Chinese History Studies
