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油松种子园交配系统的时空变化研究 被引量:10

Study on Temporal and Spatial Change of the Mating System in a Seed Orchard of Pinus tabulaeformis
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摘要 交配系统是植物重要的生活史特征 ,是指控制配子如何结合以形成合子的所有属性。本文采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳方法 ,共分析了 8种同工酶的 10个位点。从时间和空间的动态变化中研究了辽宁兴城油松种子园的交配系统。 (1)通过对开花结实的调查以及结实初期、结实盛期和疏伐前、后跨度 2 0a种子试样的同工酶分析 ,揭示了种子园在不同时期的交配状况 ,去劣疏伐前 (1984和 1993年 )种子试样多位点异交率分别为 0 975和 0 96 2 ,而疏伐后 2个年份 (1996和 2 0 0 0年 )试样的多位点异交率明显减小 ,分别为 0 795和 0 80 1,疏伐后种子园的自交率有升高的趋势 ,并讨论了影响配子结合的因素。 (2 )通过对种子园树冠不同部位采种试样交配指标的分析 ,揭示种子园交配系统的树冠空间变化规律。 (3)分析了种子园花粉污染率的时空变化 ,估算花粉污染率在 1984、1993、1996和 2 0 0 0年分别为 0 35 4、0 4 92、0 5 83和 0 4 18,平均污染水平达 0 4 6 2 ,揭示了影响污染程度的因素并提出相应管理措施。 The high genetic quality and ample yield are the key to seed orchard management, and also an urgent problem awaiting solution at present. This task is closly related with the investigation on the mating pattern of seed orchards. Therefore, during 1984—2000 in a seed orchard of Pinus tabulaeformis, located in Xingcheng County, Liaoning Province, open-pollination seeds were collected from the seed orchard in 5 years (1984, 1987, 1993, 1996 and 2000), Seeds were germinated, and both diploid embryos and haploid gametophytes were analyzed by starch-gel electrophoresis, while 10 loci were involved for both kinds of tissue and used as genetic markers for estimating mating index and contamination rates. Firstly, the variations of mating system with time and factors influencing gametogamy were revealed, the multilocus outcrossing rates before thinning(1984 and 1993) were 0.975 and 0.962 respectively, the multilocus outcrossing rates after turnning decreased to 0.795 and 0.801 respectively for 1996 and 2000, while the multilocus selfing rates increased to 0.205 and 0.199. Secondly, by studing the variation of enzyme bands of seed samples in different positions of crown, the spatial variations of mating system was proclaimed too, the outcrossing rate was higher for seeds from the upper position of the crown in comparison with those from the middle and lower position. At last, pollen contamination rates of the seed orchard for 4 years were analyzed. The estimation method relies on differences of electrophoretic allele frequencies at single loci between natural stands and the seed orchard, from which an average contamination at loci was estimated. Results showed that the pollen contamination rates of the seed orchard for 4 years ranged from 0.354 to 0.583. Factors influencing the pollen contamination of seed orchard have been discussed and some related management measures proposed.
出处 《林业科学》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2004年第1期70-77,共8页 Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金 国家自然科学基金资助项目 (3 0 3 71178)
关键词 油松 种子园 交配系统 时空变化 花粉污染 Pinus tabulaeformis, Seed orchard, Mating system, Pollen contamination
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