摘要
前期儒家可区分为“原儒”、“汉儒”两个阶段。以孔孟为代表的原儒将史前、史初时期的原始自律精神扩展至与人以及人的活动相关的各个领域 ,主张由“人”向宗教和宗法之“天”的皈依 ,于是在确定主体性的同时便消解了主体性 ;其大力提倡的“自律”最终也就不可避免地转向为“律人”或曰“它律”。以董仲舒为代表的汉代儒家 ,更强调“以天为律”、“天主人从”;由此 ,不仅巩固了先秦儒家政治伦理化和伦理政治化的既有倾向 ,而且促成了儒学和神学的进一步结合。作为其直接的结果 ,是神学的儒学化和儒学的神学化。所有这些 ,从根本上进一步颠覆了中国文化深层意识结构中人的主体性地位 ,消解了原始宗教和原儒文化中原本就已经很脆弱的人本意识和主体精神 ,使中国文化它律性的自律传统进一步得到肯定乃至强化 ;而起源于原始宗教、滥觞于原儒文化中的自律精神 ,自此亦成为封建社会中长期具有支配性地位的主体精神和文化精神。
The early stage of Confucianists can be classified as the 'Original Confucianists' and the 'Han Confucianists'. The Original Confucianists, which represents by Confucious and Mencius, extends the primal self discipline spirit from the pre historical and the early historical period to every scope related to human and human activities. It's conversion of subject from 'human' to the religious definition of 'heaven', leads not only to the establishment of the subjects, but also at the mean time to the dispelling of the subjects in fact. In the end, the self discipline spirit advocated by the Original Confucianists inevitably change to 'human discipline' or 'heteronomous discipline', as the result of this conversion. However, the Han Confucianists, with Dong Zhong shu as its representative, lay stress on 'self discipline by heaven' and 'heaven exceeds human'. Therefore, on one side, it consolidates the tendency of politicization and ethicization of the original Confucian ethics and politics, furthermore on the other side, it brings about the further integration of theology and Confucian. All of these changes mentioned above brought by the Original Confucianists and the Han Confucianists, further subverts the subjective status human take in the Chinese culture consciousness structure, meanwhile disintegrates the rather fragile humanism which lies in the Original Confucianists and religion, and moreover strengthens the heteronomous self discipline tradition of Chinese culture. From then on, originating from the original Confucianists and religion, the self discipline spirit gradually becomes the long dominate subjective culture spirit in Chinese feudal society.
出处
《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2003年第5期60-71,共12页
Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences
关键词
原儒
汉儒
主体
自律
精神
文化
original Confucianists
Han Confucianists
subject
self discipline
spirit
culture
