摘要
[目的]分析镉镍电池生产企业工人尿镉水平升高的危险因素,了解镉接触对他们健康的影响。[方法]选取2011年新乡市某电池生产企业参加体检的749人为研究对象,对他们进行问卷调查,检测其尿镉水平。分析不同尿镉水平与血常规、肺功能、尿常规、血压、肝功能等指标的关系。并在2014年对270位工人进行随访。[结果] 2011年749名工人尿镉水平为(8.89±4.00)μg/g Cr,尿镉超标率(尿镉≥5μg/g Cr)为64.0%(479/749)。女性作业工人尿镉水平为(9.35±4.00)μg/g Cr,高于男性的(8.36±3.94)μg/g Cr,差异有统计学意义(P <0.01)。随着尿镉水平升高,工人肺功能、血压、肝功能、B超、胸片异常率亦随之升高(P <0.05)。经多元线性回归分析,性别(β_(女vs.男)=0.680,P <0.01)、年龄(β=0.048,P <0.05)、工龄(β=0.114,P <0.01)、接触水平(β_(中vs.低)=3.030,β_(高vs.低)=4.661,P <0.01)是尿镉水平升高的影响因素,所得回归方程的R^2=0.242,整体的F=47.519(P <0.01)。2014年随访发现,270名工人尿镉超标率为70.0%,其中β_2-微球蛋白、血常规、血压和胸片检查的异常率均高于2011年(P <0.05)。[结论]长时间镉接触可对职业工人血压、肝功能、肺功能等健康指标产生一定影响,须重点关注。
[Objective] To investigate the adverse effects of cadmium exposure on the health condition of workers in nickel-cadmium battery plants and to analyze the influencing factors of urinary cadmium. [Methods] Totally 749 workers in Xinxiang nickle-cadmium battery enterprises in 2011 were studied with health examination and questionnaire. Their urinary cadmium was measured. Among these workers 270 workers were followed up in 2014. The effects of cadmium exposure on the health condition,such as blood routine indices,lung function,urine routine indices,blood pressure,and liver function were evaluated.[Results] The average level of urinary cadmium of 749 workers was(8.89 ± 4.00)μg/g creatinine,and 64% workers’ urinary cadmium levels were higher than national standard(5 μg/g creatinine). The urinary cadmium level of female workers was significantly higher than that of male workers((9.35 ± 4.00)μg/g vs.(8.36 ± 3.94)μg/g,P < 0.01))With the increase of cadmium level in urine, the abnormal rate of lung function, blood pressure,liver function,B-mode ultrasound and chest X-ray examination also increased(P < 0.05). The multivariable linear regression model analysis showed that the sex(βfemale vs. male=0.680,P < 0.01),age(β = 0.048,P < 0.05),employment time within enterprises(β = 0.114,P < 0.01),exposure level(βmedium vs. lower= 3.030,βhigher vs. lower= 4.661,P < 0.01)were factors affecting the urinary cadmium level(F = 47.519,P < 0.01),and the coefficient of determination was 0.242(P < 0.01). The follow-up results in 2014 among 270 workers showed that the abnormal rate of blood routine indices was 70.0%,and the abnormal rates of urine routine indices,blood pressure and chest Xray examination were higher than those in 2011(P < 0.05). [Conclusion] The health effects of long-term occupational exposure to cadmium,such as liver function,blood pressure and lung function,should be noted.
作者
崔俊鹏
杨康
郭梦寒
武首薰
崔守明
张光辉
姚三巧
曹佳
CUI Junpeng;YANG Kang;GUO Menghan;WU Shouxun;CUI Shouming;ZHANG Guanghui;YAO Sanqiao;CAO Jia(School of Public Health,Xinxiang Medical University,Xinxiang,Henan 253001,China;Xinxiang Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine,Xinxiang,Henan 253003,China)
出处
《职业卫生与应急救援》
2019年第1期19-23,共5页
Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue
基金
河南省科技厅科技攻关社会发展项目(182102310087)
关键词
镉接触
尿镉
职业健康检查
随访
Β2-微球蛋白
血压
多重线性回归
exposure to cadmium
urine cadmium
occupational health examination
follow-up
β2-microglobulin
blood pressure
multivariable linear regression
