摘要
改革开放以来,中国儿童福利事业体系经历了彻底的改革。从20世纪80年代中期开始,弃婴和从农村进入城镇地区的流浪未成年人数目再次急剧增加,现有的国营儿童福利机构体系面临严峻挑战。针对这一挑战,中国民政部门采取了多元化政策,重点依靠地方试点与创新。民政部门倡导社会福利工作“社会化”,倡导政府与社会团体、普通家庭共同照料高危儿童。研究结果表明,社会福利体系工作的“社会化”并未导致服务私有化,也没有导致国家退出这一工作领域;相反,社会福利工作的“社会化”引导政府与非政府行为体系创建了一种新型合作关系,来共同照料需要救助的儿童。自毛泽东时代结束以后,社会福利体系也经历了一种范式转变,相关工作原来以机构为基础,现在逐渐转向以家庭为中心,用亲情为需要救助的未成年人提供温暖与爱。
The delivery systems for caring for dependent children have undergone a radical transformation in Reform-era China.Beginning in the mid-1980s,a dramatic resurgence in the number of abandoned infants as well as homeless youths from rural to urban areas placed great strains on the existing framework of state-run institutions for the young.China’s Civil Affairs branch has responded to the crisis by embracing a policy of“multi-approachism”that places primacy on local experimentation and initiative.Civil Affairs workers have expressed the need to“societalize”social-welfare work,in which the government works hand-in-hand with both outside organizations and Chinese families to provide a better future for at-risk children.These findings suggest that societalization has led,not to the privatization of services or the with-drawal of the state,but rather to the formation of creative partnerships between government and nongovernment entities in aiding the dependent child.Throughout the post-Mao period we can also observe a paradigmatic shift from institution-based care to a family-centered approach that aims at providing the disadvantaged youngster with the warmth and love of the kin unit.
出处
《中国乡村研究》
CSSCI
2014年第1期223-251,共29页
Rural China:An International Journal of History and Social Science
关键词
儿童福利
孤儿照管
弃婴
流浪儿童
社会化
child relief
orphan care
abandoned infants
homeless children
“societalization”
