摘要
全球气候变化背景下,农作物生产对气象条件的响应程度受到普遍关注。本文基于湖南省官方发布的1980—2016年气象和农业数据,运用多种统计方法,分析了湖南省气候、产量变化特征以及气候因素对高、中、低产区农作物产量的影响。结果表明:①1980—2016年,湖南省年均气温以0.39℃/10a的速率显著上升,年均降水量和年均日照时数有所减少,但趋势不显著。气温、降水、日照普遍存在突变现象。②4种主要粮食作物的单产均呈上升趋势,上升速率大小顺序为:玉米(0.122 t/hm2/a)>大豆(0.040 t/hm2/a)>小麦(0.039 t/hm2/a)>稻谷(0.028 t/hm2/a)。稻谷、小麦、玉米、大豆分别有0、9、19、11个气候丰年,1、5、2、4个气候歉年。③年均气温对中产区稻谷的气候产量有显著负效应。年均降水量对低产区稻谷、小麦的气候产量有显著负效应。年均日照时数对中产区玉米的气候产量,以及低产区稻谷、小麦、玉米的气候产量均有显著正效应。建议高产区进一步优化农业种植结构和种植制度,中低产区可引进和培育耐高温、耐涝的稻谷、小麦、玉米新品种,并适当调整播期。
Under the background of global climate change, the response of crop production to meteorological conditions and climate variability has attracted widespread attention. Based on the official meteorological and agricultural production data issued by Hunan Province from 1980 to2016, we analyzed the change characteristics of local climate factors and crop yields, and the influences of climate factors on crop output in high, medium and low production areas with a variety of statistical methods. The results show that:(1) In 1980-2016, annual average temperature in Hunan Province increased significantly at the rate of 0.39/10 a. Annual average precipitation and sunshine hour decreased but not significantly. There were sudden changes in meteorological factors generally.(2) Per unit yields of four major crops all showed upward trend, with the increase rate ranging from high to low: maize(0.122 t/hm2/a)>soybeans(0.040 t/hm2/a)>wheat(0.039 t/hm2/a)>rice(0.028 t/hm2/a). Rice had 0 climate good year;wheat 9 climate good years;maize 19 climate good years;and soybeans 11 climate good years. Rice had 1 climate lean year;wheat 5 climate lean years;maize 2 climate lean years;and soybeans 4 climate lean years.(3) Annual average temperature had a significant negative influence on the climate yield of rice in medium production areas. Annual average precipitation had a significant negative influence on the climate yield of rice and wheat in low production areas. Annual average sunshine hour had a significant positive influence on the climate yield of maize in medium production areas, and rice, wheat and maize in low production areas. Our study suggested that the cropping structure and cropping system could be further optimized in high production area. Meanwhile, improved breeds of rice and wheat resistant to high temperature and waterlogging could be introduced and cultivated in low/medium production areas. Their planting period could also be adjusted appropriately.
作者
冯琳
庞玉亭
钟琪
张斌斌
陈哲祺
王铜
FENG Lin;PANG Yuting;ZHONG Qi;ZHANG Binbin;CHEN Zheqi;WANG Tong(School of Environment and Natural Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第3期582-590,共9页
Resources Science
基金
中国人民大学2019年度"中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金项目"
关键词
气候变化
农业产量
多元线性回归
湖南省
climatic variability
crop yield
multiple linear regression
Hunan Province
