摘要
本文利用多元卫星遥感资料和上海台风所的最佳路径资料,分析了南海暖涡对超强台风"威马逊"的影响,观测表明:"威马逊"在快速加强期间,先后从两个暖涡(WOE1和WOE2)的边缘穿过,中心最低气压在30 h内下降了60 hPa,对应暖涡的区域,海平面温度(SST)高于30℃,海表高度异常(SSHA)大于30 cm,热带气旋潜热(TCHP)大于100 kJ/cm^2,并具有70 m以上的深厚暖层。进一步采用中尺度大气模式WRF与区域海洋模式POM构造的中尺度海气耦合模式,模拟研究了海洋暖涡对"威马逊"的影响。与观测结果对比,尽管模拟台风最大强度与观测比较仍有一定差距,但模拟结果能较合理地模拟出台风中心气压和最大风速的变化特征。对比敏感性试验结果表明,虽然暖涡的存在并不是台风快速加强的充分条件,但暖涡使得海洋向大气输送的表面热通量增加,特别是对应近岸的WOE1海域,具有更高的SSHA和热带气旋潜热,台风中心区域的平均潜热通量也增加了40%以上,是使台风快速加强能达到更大强度的重要影响因子。
The combined Analyses of satellite altimetry and observations are used to investigate the impact of warm eddy on Supertyphoon Rammasun over the South China Sea. The observation results show that Rammasun passes over edges of two warm eddies(WOE1 and WOE2) successively over the north of South China Sea. During the 30 h of the Rammasun-eddies encounter, Rammasun’s minimum sea level pressure drops by 60 hPa. In the regions of warm ocean eddies, the sea surface temperature(SST) was more than 30℃, the sea surface height anomaly(SSHA) was higher than 30 cm, the tropical cyclone heat potential(TCHP) was larger than 100 kJ/cm^2 and a thick warm water reached over 70 m. Meanwhile, a mesoscale coupled air-sea model based on the non-hydrostatic mesoscale model WRF and the regional ocean model POM are carried out to investigate the effects of warm eddy on Rammasun. Though the peak intensity is simulated a bit small as compared to the observation, the model captures the variation characteristics of minimum surface pressure and maximum surface wind. Model sensitivity study reveals that Warm Eddies increase the surface heat fluxes from ocean to atmosphere, especially the latent heat fluxes. The higher SSHA and TCHP are found in the areas of WOE1, while the averaged total heat fluxes in the inner-core region of the typhoon increase by over 40%, which contributes to further greater peak intensity but are not necessary for rapid intensification.
作者
杨薇
蔡亲波
李勋
程守长
YANG Wei;CAI Qinbo;LI Xun(Meteorological Observatory of Hainan Province,Haikou 570203,China)
出处
《自然灾害学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第1期165-174,共10页
Journal of Natural Disasters
基金
国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAK05B03)
国家自然科学基金项目(41365005)~~
